The aim of the thesis is to describe the role of the Water Rescue Service of the Czech Red Cross as a component of the Integrated Rescue System, and also to analyze and compare its activities with activities, skills and the material-technical equipment with other three randomly selected Water Rescue Services in Europe (Slovak Red Cross - Water Rescue Service, Irish Water Safety, The Royal Life Saving Society UK). One of the major benefits of the diploma thesis was a proposal how to improve the activities of the Water Rescue Service of the Czech Red Cross.

The outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 and the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 triggered many responses amongst the American public, including a number of private initiatives in medical aid that occupied a borderland between traditional humanitarian relief and political activism. This study is interested in the stories of three organisations arising in this tradition: the American Medical Bureau to Aid Spanish Democracy (AMBASD), the American Bureau for Medical Aid to China (ABMAC), and the China Aid Council (CAC). While three separate initiatives in terms of who was responsible for their creation in the United States, and the communities they sought to help abroad, all three demonstrate parallels in their foundation and development that merit a joint historical consideration. Emerging from the backdrop of isolationism in U.S. foreign policy, the AMBASD, ABMAC, and CAC became a means of voicing both political and humanitarian ideals through the medium of medicine. In many ways, this thesis becomes a study of lost causes. As political campaigns, none of the organisations in this study succeeded in changing U.S. policy, although the ABMAC and CAC benefitted from interests that overlapped with larger changes in U.S. military alliances. As humanitarian organisations, only one (the ABMAC) lived past the conflict to which it owed its foundation. Their story, however, retains its historical interest in challenging both the way in which we examine the mythology of humanitarian idealism, and our understanding of the balance between internationalism and isolationism in the 1930’s United States. For the medical activists of these organizations, medical aid offered both a tangible outlet for personal ethical and political beliefs, but also promised an alternative means of diplomacy that brought greater agency to more popular levels.

Children around the world suffer greatly due to conflicts. One of the most common interventions to support children affected by conflicts are Child Friendly Spaces (CFSs). Implemented within different cultural contexts, CFSs aim to be both culturally sensitive and contribute to gender equality, an interaction that can be complex. Previous research regarding CFSs is limited. As CFSs are commonly used in Humanitarian Action, further knowledge is central.This thesis aims to explore and compare how culture and gender appropriate responses in CFSs guidelines and manuals are expressed in order to gain an increased understanding of how these guidelines handle the interaction between gender norms in different cultures.In this study I discuss six CFSs guidelines and manuals by conducting comparative analysis and applying the Ecological Resilience Framework.The result suggests that culture and gender appropriate responses are central in all guidelines and manuals but emphasized in different ways. The participation of children, families and communities, as well as the adaption of activities, are all strategies aimed at cultural sensitivity. The result also entails that the equal inclusion of all children is a general gender appropriate approach. In addition, I claim that the main intervention, aiming to be both gender and culture appropriate, is separated groups between boys and girls. Finally, I argue that gender and culture may clash due to different perceptions of gender and culture appropriate responses.

by Tam Yin-Mui. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-32). / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Design of the Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 2 --- Aspects of the Study / Chapter 3 --- Methodology / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Hong Kong Red Cross --- p.7 / Chapter 1 --- Origin and Development / Chapter 2 --- Organization Structure / Chapter 3 --- Remarks / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Current Situations --- p.11 / Chapter 1 --- Government Relationship / Chapter 2 --- Social Perception on Voluntarism / Chapter 3 --- Discussion / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Planning system --- p.15 / Chapter 1 --- Planning Process / Chapter 2 --- Planning Scope / Chapter 3 --- Discussion / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Control System --- p.20 / Chapter 1 --- Communication and Control / Chapter 2 --- Performance Measurement and Evaluation / Chapter 3 --- Discussion / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.25 / Chapter 1 --- About Structure / Chapter 2 --- About Planning / Chapter 3 --- About Control / Chapter 4 --- Final Remarks / References --- p.31 / Appendix 1 Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross --- p.33 / Chapter 2 --- Organization Chart of the British Red Cross Society --- p.34 / Chapter 3 --- "HKRC Ordinance,1976" --- p.35 / Chapter 4 --- "HKRC Rules,1990" --- p.38 / Chapter 5 a --- Questions set for Blood Transfusion Service --- p.43 / Chapter b --- Questions set for Red Cross Schools --- p.44 / Chapter c --- Questions set for Youth and Welfare Service --- p.45 / Chapter d --- Interview Record with Mrs. Fu --- p.46 / Chapter 6 --- Organization chart of HKRC --- p.48 / Chapter 7 --- Youth and Welfare System Chart --- p.49 / Chapter 8 --- Terms of Reference for Youth and Welfare Committee --- p.50 / "Exhibit 1 Expenditure of Social Welfare Department, 89/90" --- p.51 / Chapter 2 --- "Blood Transfusion Service, Income 90/91" --- p.52 / Chapter 3 --- "Red Cross Schools, Income 90/91" --- p.53 / Chapter 4 --- "General Fund, Income 90/91" --- p.54 / Chapter 5 --- "a-c Demographic data,1981" --- p.55 / Chapter 6 --- "Expenditure of HKRC on Activities, 90/91" --- p.58 / Chapter 7 --- "Financial Allocation of HKRC, 90/91" --- p.59

Public Service Motivation (PSM), als ein Konzept des öffentlichen Sektors, beruht auf der Annahme bestimmter Motive, die charakteristisch für öffentlich Bedienstete sind. Mit dem Versuch dieses Konstrukt auf den Nonprofit-Sektor zu übertragen, wird das Ziel verfolgt ein tieferes Verständnis für die Motivation der Beschäftigten zu erlangen und die dazu existierenden, eher geringen Befunde der PSM-Forschung um ein qualitatives Vorgehen zu erweitern. Die vorliegende Arbeit bereitet hierfür zunächst den theoretischen Hintergrund der PSM auf und nimmt Bezug zu der von Perry (1996) weiterentwickelten Theorie der PSM. Im anschließenden empirischen Teil werden in einer Fallstudie verschiedene Anstellungsformen sowie Tätigkeitsbereiche der Nonprofit-Organisation „Deutsches Rotes Kreuz“ untersucht. Anhand der ermittelten Ergebnisse kann dabei die Existenz der PSM nachgewiesen werden. Nicht zuletzt werden durch die Wahl eines qualitativen Forschungsdesigns aufschlussreiche Erkenntnisse bezüglich der untersuchten Einflussfaktoren gewonnen. Es kann festgehalten werden, dass sich Haupt- und Ehrenamtliche in Ihrer PSM nicht gravierend unterscheiden. Hingegen die PSM zwischen Arbeitern der Verwaltungs- und Arbeitern der Street-Level-Ebene hinsichtlich ihrer Ausprägung von einander abweicht. Darüber hinaus liefert die Arbeit erste Erklärungsversuche und geht dabei unter anderem auf die Theorie der extrinsischen und intrinsischen Motivation, sowie auf die Selbstbestimmungstheorie ein. / Public Service Motivation (PSM) as a concept for the public sector is based on certain motives which are typical for public employees. The goal in attempting to transfer this construct to the nonprofit sector is to get a better understanding of motivation of employees and to extend the existing, somewhat scant findings in PSM research using a qualitative approach. This paper begins by presenting the theoretical background of PSM and refers to the developed theory of PSM by Perry (1996). The subsequent empirical section presents a case study which examines different types of appointments as well as areas of operation within the “German Red Cross”, a nonprofit organization. The results indicated here demonstrate the existence of PSM. Lastly, useful insights are delivered in terms of the influencing factors, this due in no small part to the choice of a qualitative study design. It may be noted that no significant difference in PSM is found between full-time employees and volunteer workers. By contrast, the way PSM is expressed by street-level workers differs widely from that of those working at an administrative level. In addition, the paper provides first attempts at an explanation and refers to the theory of the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, as well as to self-determination theory.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences / Department of Government and Public Administration

Metaphors and their use as a rethorical vehicle are examined. Two texts, one in Chinese and one in Swedish, are compared and analyzed to determine the extent to which the associations they create successfully capture the author's intent. Seecondarily, a shift from the assumptions that rhetorical analyses often assume (read: antiquity and Aristotles) to a more abstract internal human platform is suggested. Neurological and cognitive research is cited in support of this shift. The essay examines the question: How can metaphoric contribute to conveying the communicator's intention? By comparing metaphorics used by an historical Chinese rhetor with those used by a contemporary Swedish rhetor. In the former, Zuozhuan describes how Ji Zha commented on Shijing in 770-430 BCE. In the latter, Johan af Donner defends himself in court in 2010. The study culminates in recommendations for a more poetic approach to metaphor. / Utgångspunkten för föreliggande uppsats är att undersöka metaforik. Syftet med studien är att undersöka användningen av metaforen som ett retoriskt medel, i ett kinesiskt exempel och i ett svenskt exempel, och att jämföra dem, samt att resonera kring vilka associationsfält dessa skapar och om de är framgångsrika eller inte. Sekundärt är det också uppsatsens syfte att föreslå en förflyttning av den plattform retoriska analyser ofta utgår ifrån (läs antiken och Aristoteles) till en mer abstrakt inre mänsklig plattform. Studien tar stöd i neurologisk och kognitiv forskning i detta. Uppsatsens frågeställning är: Hur kan metaforik bidra till förståelse för avsändarens intention? Studien jämför metaforer som används av en retor i en tidig kinesisk situation; Zuozhuan berättar om hur Ji Zha kommenterade Shijing, 770-430 f.v.t. och en retor från en svensk nutida situation; Johan af Donner försvarar sig i tingsrätten 2010. Studien mynnar ut i rekommendationer till ett mer poetiskt förhållningssätt till metaforik.

One billion of people lives less than one dollar a day, millions of people are forced to live out of their home, problems of humanitarian aid are very pressing theme. This diploma thesis aims to create a didactit unit for students of medical school, which would deepen their knowledges and influence their attitudes to humanitarian aid. At first at theoretic part the space is focused on complete overview in humanitarian aid, starting on history, current strategy of humanitarian aid, individual participants of aid, over the rules and risk, up to ethic and legal anchoring of aid. In theoretic part is giving a description in brief of three non- governmental non-profitable organization, whose are engaging in humanitarian aid (International Movement of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Docktors without Borders known as Medecins Sans Frontieres, which is devoted more space in view of the fact that students'orientation and Czech organization People in Trouble). In research part the questionnaire survey is performed in chosen medical school, which inquires the basic knowledges of humanitarian aid and three chosen non-profit organization and monitors students'attitudes to given problems. The didactic unit is created in the basis of analysis of collected data. From the questionnaire survey is clear the...

The thesis is devoted to the issue of non-professional first aid provision. Everyone should have knowledge of first aid procedures, because in the Czech Republic there is a statutory duty to provide first aid. It is therefore necessary to start training as soon as possible, already in school-aged children. The thesis is focused on pupils of 8th grade of primary schools in České Budějovice and their knowledge of first aid. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part basic information on first aid is given. News and changes brought about by global directive in resuscitation Guidelines 2005. It also gives and account of individual diseases with brief descriptions, causes and emergency procedures. The last two chapters are focused on the Red Cross activities and first aid training in schools. The practical part examines the attitude of pupils to first-aid provision and their first aid knowledge. In this section, the following two objectives and hypotheses were stated: The first objective is to determine the pupils´ interest to get involved in first aid training. The other objective is to monitor the first aid knowledge and skills of primary school pupils before and after the training implementation. Hypothesis 1 assumes that primary school pupils are interested in obtaining information relating to first aid. The second hypothesis determines if the pupils´ awareness got improved after the training. To meet the goals of the thesis quantitative research was used. To pupils interested in the issue, professional instruction in first aid, led by a worker of the Red Cross in České Budějovice, was provided. Based on the pre and post test, a questionnaire survey was carried out when the pupils responded in writing to questions in two questionnaires. The first questionnaire contained 19 and the second 21 questions. Total 122 questionnaires were distributed. The goals of the thesis were met and after the questionnaires evaluation, both my hypothesis were confirmed. The research has shown the pupils' interest in the issue and a better understanding after the training. In order to improve basic first aid knowledge in primary school pupils it would certainly be beneficial to put emphasis on first aid training in schools.

Cette thèse porte sur les missions du Comité international de la Croix Rouge (CICR) pendant la guerre d’Algérie et ses suites. Le CICR intervient, d’une part, dans le cadre de guerres opposant des États et, d’autre part, en cas de conflit armé non international afin de tenter d’assurer le respect des règles humanitaires. Au cours des « évènements » algériens, les arrestations massives de membres et militants du Front de libération nationale (FLN) finissent par saturer les prisons et contribuent à la création de centres d’assignation. Par ailleurs, dès l’indépendance de l’Algérie, des milliers de supplétifs de l’armée française sont internés dans des camps, puis incarcérés pour nombre d’entre eux. L’objectif de ce travail doctoral est l’étude des principales initiatives entreprises par le CICR afin de faire appliquer quelques règles du droit humanitaire aux personnes concernées, pendant les sept années et demi de guérilla et après l’indépendance algérienne. Il est essentiellement question de prisons et de camps d’internement où les délégués contrôlent les conditions matérielles, le traitement et la discipline appliqués aux nationalistes et, plus tard, aux Européens pro-Algérie française arrêtés à partir du début de l’année 1961 ainsi qu’aux anciens supplétifs, de février à août 1963. Il s’agit également d’actions mises en place par le CICR afin d’accéder aux prisonniers français aux mains du FLN. Ce travail aborde également, dans une moindre mesure, diverses actions d’aide humanitaire en direction des populations réfugiées au Maroc ou en Tunisie et des personnes déplacées puis reléguées par l’armée française dans des camps de regroupement. / This thesis examines the missions of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) during the Algerian War and its aftermath. The ICRC intervenes both in wars between states and in non-international armed conflicts, in an attempt to ensure the respect of humanitarian rules. During the “events” in Algeria, mass arrests of members and militants of the FLN (Algerian National Liberation Front) led to overcrowding in the prisons and was a factor in the establishment of internment camps. Immediately after independence, thousands of Muslim auxiliaries in the French army were interned in camps; many were subsequently imprisoned. This study looks at the main initiatives taken by the ICRC to ensure that the rules of humanitarian law were applied to the people involved during the seven and a half year of guerrilla warfare and after Algeria’s independence. It focuses on prisons and internment camps in which its delegates inspected material conditions and the treatment and discipline applied to nationalists and, later, to Europeans known to be pro French Algeria, who were arrested from the beginning of 1961, and former auxiliaries, interned between February and August 1963. It also examines initiatives taken by the ICRC to gain access to French prisoners in the hands of the FLN and, to a lesser degree, various humanitarian actions to help refugees in Morocco and Tunisia as well as people forcibly displaced by the French army and grouped together in camps.