This research focuses on the design and verification of inter-organizational controls. Instead of looking at a documentary procedure, which is the flow of documents and data among the parties, the research examines the underlying deontic purpose of the procedure, the so-called deontic process, and identifies control requirements to secure this purpose. The vision of the research is a formal theory for streamlining bureaucracy in business and government procedures. Underpinning most inter-organizational procedures are deontic relations, which are about rights and obligations of the parties. When all parties trust each other, they are willing to fulfill their obligations and honor the counter parties’ rights; thus controls may not be needed. The challenge is in cases where trust may not be assumed. In these cases, the parties need to rely on explicit controls to reduce their exposure to the risk of opportunism. However, at present there is no analytic approach or technique to determine which controls are needed for a given contracting or governance situation. The research proposes a formal method for deriving inter-organizational control requirements based on static analysis of deontic relations and dynamic analysis of deontic changes. The formal method will take a deontic process model of an inter-organizational transaction and certain domain knowledge as inputs to automatically generate control requirements that a documentary procedure needs to satisfy in order to limit fraud potentials. The deliverables of the research include a formal representation namely Deontic Petri Nets that combine multiple modal logics and Petri nets for modeling deontic processes, a set of control principles that represent an initial formal theory on the relationships between deontic processes and documentary procedures, and a working prototype that uses model checking technique to identify fraud potentials in a deontic process and generate control requirements to limit them. Fourteen scenarios of two well-known international payment procedures -- cash in advance and documentary credit -- have been used to test the prototype. The results showed that all control requirements stipulated in these procedures could be derived automatically.

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In the bakery industry, it is sought to have zero defective products. It is in the packing; where it is evident, as the last area of the production chain, all the defects generated. Therefore, a combined redesign method is proposed, which consists in the use of Economy of Movement, Ergonomics, Poka Yoke and Method Engineering to reduce defective products in SMEs in the bakery industry. The losses of these generate a reduction of 29.50% for crushed bread and 19.67% of bread on the floor, reducing with the use of this method to 16.20% and 8.38% respectively.

leftovers, waste, and surplus generated by increasing production and consumption of material goods. Their problem is not new, and over the last decade the search for a solution has given rise to various theories about and technologies for resource recovery and waste management. In the fashion and clothing industry, designers have explored ways to reuse and remanufacture production and consumption waste and surplus before recycling material components on a fiber level, thereby aiming to realize greater environmental savings. While several examples of design practices building on different forms of reuse and remanufacturing approaches exist, foundational theoretical methods for design remain poorly researched.  This thesis explores and analyzes the aesthetic potential in textile and clothing waste and surplus for new design expressions and functions. Fashion design students performed initial methodological explorations through practicing redesign to find central concepts in design thinking that present opportunities and challenges for remake methods. The exploration shows a challenge to go from thinking fashion design as a method of remembering, preserving and showing, to remake fashion design as a method of forgetting, destroying and searching. In this thesis one method has so far been developed. However, the findings point to several methodological challenges in selecting and reworking materials within the context of the remake. These methods need to be explored and developed further to strengthen remake models and practices, and the central characteristic of traditional fashion design thinking needs to be developed further for a fundamental shift in thinking towards remake and redesign fashion design.

Detta arbete syftade till att undersöka hur CSN:s (Centrala studiestödsnämnden) mobilapplikation kunde utformas för att förenkla för studenter att fÃ¥ översikt över sitt studiemedel och vara mer motiverande att använda. PÃ¥ grund av det ökade antalet personer som fick studiemedel 2021 samt inflationen som slog hÃ¥rt mot studenter sÃ¥g vi att en mer användbar app för CSN var ytterst aktuellt. En inledande studie gjordes i form av en digital enkät där det framgick att det fanns ett behov av en mer användbar app som gick i linje med CSN:s hemsida. Genom ett användbarhetstest av CSN:s befintliga app fick vi inblick i mÃ¥lgruppens Ã¥sikter om appen, vilket visade att den upplevdes som daterad, delvis otydlig och omotiverande att använda. Fyra brukskvaliteter togs fram baserat pÃ¥ forskningsfrÃ¥gorna, som i kombination med resultatet pÃ¥ användbarhetstestet la grund för fortsatt arbete av prototypen. Vidare gjordes en LoFi-prototyp och en HiFi-prototyp som testades genom tvÃ¥ användbarhetstester. Genom en analys av användbarhetstestet pÃ¥ HiFi-prototypen bekräftades att prototypen uppfyllde de fyra uppsatta brukskvaliteterna, däribland att den skulle ge bättre översikt och vara mer motiverande att använda. Den slutsats som drogs var därför att prototypen gav studenter en tydligare översikt över sitt studiemedel och upplevdes mer motiverande att använda än CSN:s gamla mobilapplikation. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>

<p> Business process redesign (BPR) has been studied extensively since its initial widespread application in the late 1980s. Although a great deal has been learned by both practitioners and researchers about the best ways to use BPR for business process improvement, the overall failure rate of BPR projects is still reported to be high. This failure rate indicates that there is still a need for a comprehensive success factor model, validated with empirical evidence, to provide direction to practitioners that will help to improve the outcomes of business process redesign projects. Up to this point, few studies have identified and empirically tested the possible facilitators of BPR project success. </p> <p> This is an exploratory study, where Social-Technical Theory was applied in the context of BPR project implementation to explain the impact of success factors on BPR project success. The proposed conceptual research model includes the following factors: BPR project champion, top management support, change management, process redesign, and Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure (ICTI) improvement. The model considers critical factors from both the social and technical aspects of BPR project practices and the relationships among them. Facets of BPR project outcomes, including operational quality improvement, organizational quality improvement, cost savings, and productivity, were also examined. </p> <p> A survey of 145 managers and executives from medium and large-sized companies was used to validate the model. The results show that a BPR project champion is a critical success factor for BPR project success, mediated through top management support, and that top management support must be emphasized through the whole BPR project implementation procedure. More specifically, change management has a better likelihood of success if it is strongly supported by top management, while other factors play an important role in helping to encourage process redesign and ICTI improvements. </p> <p> This study also shows that three BPR project implementation components: change management, process redesign, and information and communications technology infrastructure (ICTI) improvement, are all critical to BPR project success. However, change management occupies the most important position because it impacts significantly the success of all four facets of BPR project outcomes (operational quality improvement, organizational quality improvement, cost savings, and productivity). Among these outcomes, the study showed that productivity is no longer the top focus of companies; instead, operational quality and organizational quality have become more important. </p> <p> This study makes a significant contribution to both theory and practice. The establishment of a BPR project implementation model based on socio-technical theory, and the development of new instruments for change management and process redesign, provide a foundation for future BPR project research. With respect to practice, the specification of three BPR project implementation components presents managers with clear guidance regarding BPR project implementation. The validated model will help practitioners to understand in advance what major obstacles they may face (change management, process redesign, or information technology) and how they should implement BPR projects in a way that will achieve their expected goals. </p> <p> As such, this study represents a significant advance over the existing literature, in the development of a valid model to explain the relationships between success factors and outcomes within a BPR project context. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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