Cancrinite specimens from Ontario were studied. Chemical and thermogravimetric analyses were made. Non-Bragg reflections were observed in x-ray photographs. These reflections have the same symmetry as the main lattice reflections, but the intensities, abundance and the relative positions of them with respect to the main lattice reflections are different from one specimen to another. In the heated specimens, the superstructure reflections decrease in intensities, shift in position and are streaked in a direction parallel to the a*-axis on the a* c* reciprocal lattice plane. Phase changes in the heated cancrinites show that the sodalite group of minerals occur as transitional phases in the cancrinite break down reactions. It is shown that the non-Bragg reflections are very similar to the main lattice reflections. There is a probable relation between the non-Bragg reflections in cancrinite and the sodalite group of minerals. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Numerical simulations of Mach shock reflections have shown that the Mach stem can bifurcate as a result of the slip line jetting forward. Numerical simulations were conducted in this study which determined that these bifurcations occur when the Mach number is high, the ramp angle is high, and specific heat ratio is low. It was clarified that the bifurcation is a result of a sufficiently large velocity difference across the slip line which drives the jet. This bifurcation phenomenon has also been observed after triple point collisions in detonation simulations. A triple point reflection was modelled as an inert shock reflecting off a wedge, and the accuracy of the model at early times after reflection indicates that bifurcations in detonations are a result of the shock reflection process. Further investigations revealed that bifurcations likely contribute to the irregular structure observed in certain detonations.

Numerical simulations of Mach shock reflections have shown that the Mach stem can bifurcate as a result of the slip line jetting forward. Numerical simulations were conducted in this study which determined that these bifurcations occur when the Mach number is high, the ramp angle is high, and specific heat ratio is low. It was clarified that the bifurcation is a result of a sufficiently large velocity difference across the slip line which drives the jet. This bifurcation phenomenon has also been observed after triple point collisions in detonation simulations. A triple point reflection was modelled as an inert shock reflecting off a wedge, and the accuracy of the model at early times after reflection indicates that bifurcations in detonations are a result of the shock reflection process. Further investigations revealed that bifurcations likely contribute to the irregular structure observed in certain detonations.

Bakgrund: Det ställs höga krav på sjuksköterskan som förväntas ge en god objektiv omvårdnad där förförståelse, egna värderingar och känslor inte ska påverka bemötandet i omvårdnaden. Allmänsjuksköterskans medverkan inom abortvården har utökats i takt med det ökade antalet medicinska aborter vilket medför ett betydligt större ansvar. Sjuksköterskans dilemma består i att ge god omvårdnad till kvinnan och även ansvara för omhändertagandet av fostret efter aborten. Etiska, moraliska och religiösa aspekter på abortvården har alltid funnits och det är ofta krävande för sjuksköterskan att navigera mellan att utöva sin profession, arbeta i enlighet med gällande abortlag och hantera sina etiska och moraliska ståndpunkter. Syfte: Att beskriva de etiska problem som sjuksköterskor ställs inför vid omvårdnaden av kvinnor som genomgår abort samt hur de hanterar och reflekterar kring sitt omvårdnadsansvar. Metod: Litteraturstudie bestående av tio artiklar med kvalitativ design samt kvalitetsgranskade enligt Friberg (2012). Resultat: I litteraturstudiens resultatdel behandlas frågor som vilka moraliska/etiska problem sjuksköterskan upplever inom abortvården samt sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att hantera dessa och vilket stöd och vilka strategier som behövs i bearbetandet av svåra situationer inom abortvården. Studien resulterade i fyra huvudteman; Etiska aspekter vid avbrytande av graviditet, Faktorer som påverkar hur sjuksköterskan hanterar sitt omvårdnadsansvar, Strategier för att hantera omvårdnadsansvaret och Sjuksköterskans behov av stöd. Det framkom att sjuksköterskorna var i stort behov av att reflektera kring det många gånger krävande arbetet inom abortvården för att bevara sin egen hälsa samt i strävan efter att upprätthålla en god personcentrerad omvårdnad. Diskussion: Diskussionen utifrån de teman som framkom i resultatet fördes utifrån omvårdnadsteoretikern Peplaus (1991) teori om den interpersonliga processen mellan sjuksköterska och patient med stöd från Sherwins (1998) feministiska etik. Diskussionen fördes med fokus på hur ett feministiskt förhållningssätt och en interpersonlig relation mellan sjuksköterska och patient kan komma att förbättra vårdrelationen samt behandlar vikten av reflektion i samband med sjuksköterskors hantering av svåra upplevelser inom abortvården. / Background: Nurses are expected to provide care while neither preconceptions, own values, nor emotions effects caring relation. The general nurse´s role in abortion care has been increasing with the increased number of medical abortions, which puts a greater responsibility on nurses. The nurse´s dilemma is to provide high quality care to the women being at the same time responsible to take care of the fetus after the abortion. Ethical, moral and religious aspects of abortion care has always existed being a challenge to navigate between the exert of profession, current abortion law and ethical and moral positions.  Aim: To describe the ethical problems that nurses encounter in the care of women undergoing abortion, and how they deal with and reflect on their responsibility in nursing.  Method: Literature review of ten qualitative articles according to Friberg (2012) was performed.  Results: The literature study results in issues; what moral/ethical problems nurse experiences in abortion care, the nurses´ experiences in dealing with this problems and what support and what strategies are needed in order to process difficult situations within the abortion care. The study resulted in four main themes; Ethical aspects regarding termination of pregnancy, Factors that influence how the nurses deal with their responsibilities in nursing, Strategies for dealing with the responsibilities in nursing and The nurse's need for support.The nurses were in great need to reflect on their demanding work in abortion care in order to preserve their own health and to pursuit a good person-centered care.   Discussions: The discussion based on the themes that emerged from the results was performed using Peplaus (1991) theory of the interpersonal process between nurse and patient and Sherwins (1998) feminist ethics. The discussion focuses on how the interpersonal relationship, the opportunity for reflection and the importance of a feminist approach may improve the care relationship and nurses´ management of difficult experiences in abortion care.

Numerical simulations of Mach shock reflections have shown that the Mach stem can bifurcate as a result of the slip line jetting forward. Numerical simulations were conducted in this study which determined that these bifurcations occur when the Mach number is high, the ramp angle is high, and specific heat ratio is low. It was clarified that the bifurcation is a result of a sufficiently large velocity difference across the slip line which drives the jet. This bifurcation phenomenon has also been observed after triple point collisions in detonation simulations. A triple point reflection was modelled as an inert shock reflecting off a wedge, and the accuracy of the model at early times after reflection indicates that bifurcations in detonations are a result of the shock reflection process. Further investigations revealed that bifurcations likely contribute to the irregular structure observed in certain detonations.

Additive Manufacturing (AM), over the years, has seen a tremendous amount of research for improving the manufacturability of materials into final products. The main advantages of additive manufacturing are the minimizing of waste material as it is an additive process. As well as the ability to create custom low-volume products without the need for creation of expensive tooling or programming before manufacturing begins. Because of these advantages, however, AM is susceptible to unique challenges in the quality side of manufacturing. These challenges include minimizing and detecting defects during the build. The focus of this research looks at the capability of using Pulse Thermography (PT), a nondestructive testing method, with longer than typical pulse length on additively manufactured parts for surface and sub-surface defect detection as well as thermal property determination based on a known void depth. The first and second part of this research will look at a range of pulse lengths greater than 100ms to determine if the previously defined assumption is necessary for accurate defect detection. The significance of increasing the pulse length is to have the ability to increase the overall energy input into the part without having to increase the power. Allowing for the capability of defect detection for both shallow and deeper defects with the same overall setup. One-dimensional simulations r using Forward Time Center Space (FTCS) approximation, show that the assumption of an instantaneous pulse is relative, and defects can be accurately calculated within a range of pulse lengths. Based on the simulations, experimentation was conducted to determine the capability of calculating sub-surface defect depths with a longer pulse on a FDM printed ABS part with 100% in fill. The defect depths will range from 0.3mm to 1.8mm and the widths of the defects used for depth calculation will be 8x8mm. Results of the experiments show that even with FDM printed parts defect depths were accurately calculated up to a depth of 1.2mm. The third aspect of this research looks at the infrared reflections emitting off the surface during the longer pulse. With a longer pulse length, there is more time for the infrared camera to collect thermograms of the surface during the pulse. It was noticed during sub-surface defect detection that the infrared reflections paint a picture of the surface characteristics of the part. Characteristics that include surface imperfections not intended in the original build parameters such as under extrusions and cracks. Defects as small as 150μm with a thermal pixel resolution 75μm are detected. The third and final aspect of this research looks at the ability to use PT with a longer pulse to determine thermal properties of a binder jetted additively manufactured part as well as packing factors that may be otherwise be unknown. When a product is binder jetted a chemical binder is added to the powder layer by layer until a product is formed.

Numerical simulations of Mach shock reflections have shown that the Mach stem can bifurcate as a result of the slip line jetting forward. Numerical simulations were conducted in this study which determined that these bifurcations occur when the Mach number is high, the ramp angle is high, and specific heat ratio is low. It was clarified that the bifurcation is a result of a sufficiently large velocity difference across the slip line which drives the jet. This bifurcation phenomenon has also been observed after triple point collisions in detonation simulations. A triple point reflection was modelled as an inert shock reflecting off a wedge, and the accuracy of the model at early times after reflection indicates that bifurcations in detonations are a result of the shock reflection process. Further investigations revealed that bifurcations likely contribute to the irregular structure observed in certain detonations.

While most people usually tend to avoid thinking about their death, it can be beneficial to reflect on it. As technology is further integrated in our lives, HCI needs to consider that users eventually die. A concrete example for this concern is digital legacy. From a perspective of existential HCI and Thanatosensitivity, this thesis explores how young adults experience their own mortality and how they might be encouraged to reflect on their lives by engaging in their digital legacy. Subsequently, this exploration led to conducting expert interviews, sending out cultural probes, and sharing a collaborative matrix. Synthesizing and ideating on the gathered material concluded in a low-fidelity prototype that was tested by six users. The initial user feedback and individual workshops with three participants led to further explorations in the form of two workshops – one for ideation, the other for analysis. The thesis concludes in a series of conceptual design proposals that act as ground for discussion with implications for design opportunities and future research alongside an analysis of key findings.

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no / Image gradients - smooth changes in color and luminance - may be caused by intrinsic surface reflectance properties or extrinsic illumination phenomena, including shading, shadowing, and inter-reflections. In turn, image gradients may provide the visual system with information concerning the origin of these factors, such as the orientation of surfaces with respect to the light source. Color gradients induced by mutual illumination (MI) may play a similar role to that of luminance gradients in shape-from-shading algorithms; it has been shown that 3D shape perception modulates the influence of MI on surface color perception (M. G. Bloj, D. Kersten, & A. C. Hurlbert, 1999). In this study, we assess human sensitivity to changes in color and luminance gradients that arise from changes in the light source position, within a complex scene. In Experiment 1, we tested whether observers were able to discriminate between gradients due to different light source positions. We found that observers reliably detected a change in the gradient information when the light source position differed by only 4 deg from the reference scene. This sensitivity was mainly based on the luminance information in the gradient (Experiments 2 and 3). Some observers make use of the spatial distribution of chromaticity and luminance values within gradients when discriminating between them (Experiment 4). The high sensitivity to gradient differences supports the notion that gradients contain information that may assist in the recovery of 3D shape and scene configuration properties.