Orientador: José Claudinei Lombardi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T05:16:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Minto_LaloWatanabe_D.pdf: 2014295 bytes, checksum: a79b2eb229ed787df0cffea2e0a11045 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este estudo examina a relação entre as transformações da educação superior e o desenvolvimento capitalista no Brasil. Com base no referencial teórico marxista e na análise histórica, argumenta-se que os interesses de classes dominantes nas condições da particularidade brasileira não tornaram imprescindíveis formas autônomas de educação superior. A revolução burguesa se desenvolveu conforme padrões conservadores, não reproduzindo as formas clássicas e, neste sentido, dando origem a um tipo de educação superior também conservador, pouco abrangente, e com funções distintas de outras experiências históricas. Na primeira parte do estudo (capítulos 1 e 2), examina-se esse processo de desenvolvimento sob condições particulares, articulando o caso brasileiro ao desenvolvimento global do modo de produção capitalista. Na segunda parte (capítulos 3, 4 e 5), observam-se as determinações desta particularidade no campo educacional, em especial da educação superior. Esta análise foca o período que vai das reformas do ensino superior da Ditadura aos dias atuais, quadrante histórico que demarca o encerramento da revolução burguesa de extração colonial. Com este, a educação superior tende a se (re)ajustar definitivamente aos padrões da dominação imperialista e da subordinação ao grande capital. / Abstract: This study examines the relationship between changes in the higher education and capitalist development in Brazil. Based on Marxist theory and historical analysis, it is argued that the interests of dominant classes within the conditions of Brazilian particularity did not become indispensable autonomous forms of higher education. The bourgeois revolution unfolded according conservative standards, not reproducing classical forms and, thereby, giving rise to a kind of higher education also conservative and elitist. The first part of the study (chapters 1 and 2) examines this development process under particular conditions, linking Brazil with the global development of capitalist mode of production. The second part (chapters 3, 4 and 5) examines the determinations of this particularity in education, especially in higher education. This analysis covers the period from 68?higher education reforms to contemporary reforms, which marks the historical quarter closing of bourgeois revolution of colonial extraction. With this, higher education tends to (re)fit the patterns of imperialistic domination and subordination to the interests of capital. / Doutorado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Doutor em Educação

À partir du début des années 2000, les gouvernements français ont engagé une série de réformes relatives au cadre institutionnel de la formation des migrants, comprenant notamment la création du DILF (Diplôme Initial de Langue Française) et des indications variées pour l'utilisation de Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (TIC). Dans cette thèse, on a interrogé, à l'aide des théories de l'activité et, particulièrement, de la théorie des apprentissages expansifs (Engeström, 1987), l'impact de ces réformes sur les pratiques des formateurs. Il ressort des analyses que ces réformes ont modifié l'objet des activités de formation des migrants mais qu'au lieu de renvoyer à une transformation expansive, comme le suppose le cadre théorique mobilisé, elles renvoient davantage à une transformation restrictive. / From the early 2000s, French governments have undertaken a series of reforms to the institutional framework for the training of migrants, including particularly the creation of the DILF (Initial Diploma in French Language) and various indications for the use of Information and Communication technology (ICT). In this thesis, the impact of these reforms on educators practices was questioned, using activity theories and especially the theory of expansive learning (Engeström, 1987). These reforms have altered the object of migrants training activities : as Engeström defined the theory, there should be an expansive transformation of the entire system of activity. Instead of that result, the analysis tends to show that the object alteration refers to a restrictive transformation.

This paper empirically investigates the propagation of business sentiment within the European Union (EU) and adds to the literature on shock absorption via a common market's real economy. To this end, we combine EU-wide official business sentiment indicators with world input-output (IO) data and information on indirect wage costs. Econometrically, we model interdependencies in economic activities via IO-linkages and apply space-time models. The resulting evidence provides indication for the existence of substantial spillovers in business sentiment formation. Accordingly, and highlighted by the estimated impacts of changes in indirect labor costs, policy reforms aiming at increasing the resilience of the European single market need to take these spillovers into account in order to increase its effectiveness. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Cette thèse en politique économique internationale analyse à travers 4 chapitres les facteurs influençant la prise de décision en se focalisant sur les trajectoires des décideurs. Le premier chapitre montre que les membres du Conseil d’Administration (CA) du Fonds Monétaire International (FMI) ont un avantage considérable en matière de prêt et de remboursement sur les autres membres du FMI à travers des réseaux informels développés par leur simple présence aux réunions de CA du FMI à Washington DC. Le second chapitre met l’accent sur les trajectoires de carrière des membres du CA du FMI avant et après leur poste au sein de cette institution et comment ces trajectoires influent les prêts et les modalités de remboursement des pays emprunteurs. Dans un troisième chapitre, nous cherchons à savoir si les années de récession connues par les Présidents des Banques Centrales des pays occidentaux sont en mesure d’influencer leur gestion de ces institutions. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre propose un modèle d’économie politique des réformes en montrant l’importance des syndicats des travailleurs ainsi que des transferts de richesse de la part des gouvernements vers les populations, sur la mise en œuvre des réformes au sein des pays de l’OCDE. Cette thèse montre qu’à l’instar des décideurs nationaux qui ont tendance à influencer directement la vie économique des pays, les décideurs internationaux de par leurs histoires, leurs identités et leurs expériences de vie, peuvent également influencer la sphère économique des pays. / This thesis in international political economy analyses factors influencing the decision-taking focusing on the trajectories of policy-makers across 4 chapters. The first chapter shows that the IMF’s Executive Board (EB) members have a considerable advantage on other IMF members in terms of loans and repayments through informal networks developed by their simple presence on the IMF’s EB at Washington DC. The second chapter focuses on the IMF’s EB career trajectories before and after their position, and how these trajectories influence loans and repayment modalities of borrowing countries. In a third chapter, we want to know in what extend central bankers’ recession experiences tend to lead them to decrease the interest rates of central banks. Finally, the fourth chapter proposes a model of political economy of reforms showing the importance of unions and transfers from governments to populations concerning the implementation of reforms in OECD countries. This thesis shows that, as national policy-makers which tend to directly influence the economic life, international policy-makers, through their stories, identities and life experiences, can also influence the economic sphere of countries.

S’intéresser aux politiques éducatives chiliennes contemporaines implique le développement d’une perspective socio-historique autour des évolutions de ce champ et leurs conséquences au niveau social et politique. Ainsi, deux objectifs marquent cette recherche doctorale. D’une part, comprendre tant les continuités que les discontinuités d'une politique éducative sur la longue période (de la période de l'Indépendance à nos jours) en reliant cette politique à la singularité de la construction étatique et de la construction nationale au Chili. D’autre part, prendre la mesure des changements de régime politique (démocratie, puis autoritarisme et enfin transition et consolidation démocratique) sur les politiques éducatives (centralisation versus municipalisation, contrôle politique versus autonomie éducative, effets sur les programmes scolaires, entre autres). / No English summary available.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study examines how families judge and choose high schools. The review of literature relating to school choice provides a theoretical framework for the study. The review includes an international perspective including both developed countries such as United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, England and Wales, the Netherlands, Scotland and Sweden, and developing countries including India, Chile, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Mauritania, Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire and South Africa. The context within which school choice occurs in South Africa is examined. This context includes continued influence of Apartheid policies and current legislation including the South African Schools Act, The Admission Policy for Ordinary Schools Act and the Norms and Standards for Schools Funding. The literature review includes a critical analysis of the research, both Local and International, which addresses questions as to which factors are considered when judging and choosing schools, who makes the choice school, when the choice of school is made and which sources of information inform the choice of school. The empirical study examines the process of high school choice in urban Cape Town. The group areas Act and other Apartheid policies have created a situation where the respondents have a large number of high schools from which to chose. The selected area reflects diversity in Socio-Economic status, including both privately owned homes and council rental flats and houses. The study is limited to English medium or dual medium schools in the area. It includes both co-ed and single gender schools. / South Africa

Doctor Legum - LLD / This thesis deals with a very important issue in South African society, i.e. the provision of financial and non-cash support to older persons. Older persons in South Africa can be described as a sizeable but vulnerable group requiring specific protection. Section 27 of the South African Constitution of 1996 obliges the state to take reasonable legislative and other measures within available resources to progressively realise the right of access to social security. Hence, the steps taken by the state to promote older persons’ right of access to social security and to protect their right to dignity need to be evaluated. The legislative framework for the provision of financial and non-cash support to older persons currently is fragmented into various statutes dealing with retirement income, state grants to older persons and care and support services for older persons. Therefore, the current legislation lacks an integrated approach to the provision of support and care to older persons, as well as a central principle on which to base future legislation concerning older persons. One such principle that could potentially be adopted is intergenerational solidarity, which can be described as the solidarity between the active working-age population, as one generation, from which benefits flow to older persons as the other. This thesis evaluates whether intergenerational solidarity should form the basis of South African legislation on the provision of retirement income and the provision of care and support to older persons, and if so, whether it in fact does. If the answer to the latter is in the negative, the thesis further examines whether the current process to reform the retirement income system and related legislation in South Africa would be a suitable platform to introduce the concept of intergenerational solidarity to legislation concerning older persons. / South Africa

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The primary basis of this construction is that one of the roles of the judiciary is that of enhancing and protecting human rights. This is an important function which is best implemented through judicial independence. Across Africa and most notably in Zimbabwe, political interference has been noted as a factor that limits judicial independence. The judiciary‘s lack of independence has made it impossible for it to protect human rights in Zimbabwe. This signifies that a new approach to judicial protection of human rights in the country is required. Constitutional reform could be the appropriate legal tool to achieve this objective. Zimbabwe has undertaken constitutional reforms which may help in addressing the human rights situation in the country. These reforms have captured legal principles which will ensure an improvement in the human rights situation. Key to the reforms, has been the independence of the judiciary. The Constitution guarantees the independence of the judiciary. Despite such guarantees there are a number of challenges with regards to this independence. The aim of this research is to show what measures need to be taken for the judiciary to adequately protect human rights and to establish other measures that can be taken to address the human rights issues in Zimbabwe

The diploma thesis is focused on the economic development of Czechoslovakia after 1945 up to the political takeover in 1948, when communists finally assumed power. The work offers the view of Czech economy influenced by the experience of the Great Depression in the 1930s, occupation and the transformation of economic thinking in Europe. The main concern is to answer the questions to what extend the post-war reconstruction was successful, what the political conditions of the changes in our economy were and which economic results they produced. The land reform, final solution of German question by the expulsion of Germans, nationalisation of industry, codification of two-year economic plan and refusal of the Marshall plan are considered to be the key points. The allience with the Soviet Union played an important role too. The main conclusion of the work is that, in Czechoslovakia, the successful transformation from war economy to a mixed economy, in which the main role of the state was supplemented by a private sector, was accomplished. The existence of different alternatives of development, which could not be realized because of the increasing influence of communists in the government, is considered to be the key factor for the economic development in the years 1945-1948.

Method of defining the tax base is important for the correct determination of the amount of tax. With taxes on personal income is closely related to health insurance and social security burden on the same taxpayer income as the income tax. Relation between the income tax and health insurance and social security may be different. The work discusses how should be a tax base of personal income according to the theory and then defined three models of the income tax base with regard to (non) inclusion and (non) deductibility of insurance premiums from the tax base, which are used in subsequent analysis of labor income taxation in OECD. In the Czech Republic, the issue is very obsolete since the tax reform in 2008. From this year is the taxable income of individuals "super salary". The tax reform in 2015 will be again a change in the income tax base. The work is examined in detail legislative development of personal income tax between years 2008 and 2015. In the final part is analyzed creation of the tax base in individual OECD countries. Countries are classified according to the method of determining the tax base. The analysis showed that the most widely used model of tax base is a narrow tax base. Although broad tax base uses a 5 OECD members countries. In Hungary has broad tax base exactly the same form as in the Czech Republic. However, elements of a broad tax base can be found in other countries.