This thesis examines the Irish amateur military tradition in the British Army from 1854 until 1945, as separate to the amateur military tradition in Great Britain. The work argues that such a difference did exist but, also, within this, two further traditions emerged. Firstly, the re-emergence of the Protestant volunteering tradition, witnessed in Ulster as early as the seventeenth century, and, secondly, a Catholic amateur military tradition largely present in the Irish militia. Importantly, these two traditions, although not directly competing, also reflected Irish, and later Northern Irish, society up until the end of the Second World War. It will assess these traditions by looking at a variety of different aspects: the political and strategic considerations of the use of Irish auxiliaries at a time when there was a degree of upheaval in Ireland; the officer corps of the amateur forces, and how this developed over time; likewise, for the rank and file, its changing nature is evaluated; the discipline and morale of these forces is assessed, with special attention given to how religious composition affected this; their use on active service is considered; and, finally, the contemporary image, both inside and outside of Ireland is considered in order to build a picture of the auxiliary forces cultural impact on society as a whole. In' essence, this approach has previously been used to assess the British Army as a whole, especially during the Victorian and Edwardian periods, and also the amateur forces of Great Britain. However, this work builds upon this concept to evaluate the Irish position in detail, within the British context, for the first time. In so doing, the thesis also disproves some of the assumptions made about the Irish position and how its amateur forces were placed within its unique political, social, and cultural environment.

No description available.

Hotet mot Sveriges säkerhet ser idag annorlunda ut än för 20 år sedan. Därför har Försvarsmakten infört ett nytt personalförsörjningssystem av soldater byggt på frivillighet. De närmsta åren behöver organisationen rekrytera 3 250 kontinuerligt tjänstgörande och 4 650 tidvis tjänstgörande gruppbefäl, soldater och sjömän. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur gymnasieungdomar boende i en garnisonsort ställde sig till möjligheten att söka anställning som soldat i Försvarsmakten, både inom de lokala förbanden och inom övriga förband i Sverige. Studien skulle utvisa vilka gymnasieungdomar som kunde tänka sig en soldatanställning i hemorten vilket syftade till att ge en fingervisning för ungefär hur många man kunde tänkas rekrytera inom kommunen samt för att underlätta lokal rekrytering till soldatbefattningarna. Undersökningen genomfördes som en kvantitativ studie där en enkätundersökning besvarades av 83 gymnasieungdomar på en gymnasieskola i Boden. Svarsfrekvensen var 55 % och resultatet visade att 17 % av de tillfrågade kunde tänka sig att söka anställning som soldat på orten samt att ungefär lika många även kunde tänka sig att söka soldatanställning på någon annan garnisonsort. Den andel som var intresserad av soldatanställning lokalt värdesätter variation i arbetet. De vill att arbetet ska vara utmanande och intressant och anser att det är viktigare att de har trevliga arbetskamrater, kamratskap och ett arbete i team än att arbetet är bra betalt. De lägger också stor vikt vid att det är bra chefer vid arbetsplatsen. För att lyckas med den lokala rekryteringen av soldater återstår det för Försvarsmakten att få ut budskapet att dessa faktorer inryms i soldatyrket. / The threat against Swedish security is different today than it was 20 years ago. Consequently the Swedish Armed Forces introduced a new system to sign up soldiers, built on voluntary participation. Over the next few years the organization need to recruit 3 250 continuously, and 4 650 occasionally serving squad leaders, soldiers and sailors. The aim of this paper was to examine attitudes towards employment as a soldier in the Swedish Armed Forces among High School students, living in a district where regiments are located. The study adress at both local units and other units in Sweden. The paper also meant to show which High School students that could consider serving as soldiers in the local units to give a hint about how many local soldiers the regiments in the area would be able to recruit and to facilitate recruitment of local personnel. To examine this, a quantitative study was performed in which 83 High School students in Boden answered a questionnaire. The response rate was 55 % and the results showed that 17 % of the students could consider serving as soldiers within the local units and almost as many would also consider serving in other units in Sweden. The students who were interested in local employment appreciated a job with shifting working tasks. They wanted a work which was challenging and interesting and they thought that it was more important to have nice fellow workers, friendship and teamwork than to have a good salary. Also, it was of great importance for them to have good commanders at work. To succeed with the local recruitment of soldiers the Swedish Armed Forces need to stress that the soldier profession contain all these factors.

Submitted by Monique Marques Nogueira Lima (monimnl@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-06T20:47:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão final dissertação - Monique Marques N. Lima.pdf: 1929858 bytes, checksum: bea8884e45deb29b97b85e34e24c7383 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-12T20:04:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_mmm_me_fran.pdf: 1929858 bytes, checksum: bea8884e45deb29b97b85e34e24c7383 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T20:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_mmm_me_fran.pdf: 1929858 bytes, checksum: bea8884e45deb29b97b85e34e24c7383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os Regimentos da Inquisição ˗ fontes legislativas destinadas à regulação do Tribunal do Santo Ofício ˗ configuraram-se como referências fundamentais para a compreensão da instituição. Nos domínios portugueses, esses textos passaram por quatro atualizações principais que acabaram por cobrir um período de mais de três séculos (1552, 1613, 1640 e 1774). Com contribuições significativas para a ordenação da sociedade, as versões de 1613 e 1640 tornaram-se as compilações mais detalhadas, resultado da crescente importância do documento e da sofisticação jurídica do Tribunal. As Ordenações do Reino de Portugal ˗ código de leis da justiça secular inspirado nos textos jurídicos romanos ˗ representaram, desde o reinado de D. Afonso V, a mais importante fonte de regras e normas que também ordenavam a sociedade lusa. Em especial, as Ordenações Filipinas, de 1603, seguindo suas antecessoras, transformaram-se no principal parâmetro organizador da justiça entre os coetâneos. Embora distintos em termos de jurisdição e alcance, como ponto em comum, os dois documentos apresentam elementos importantes ao entendimento da noção de ordem, aspecto típico do período e base da estruturação das hierarquias sociais portuguesas. Como resultado do exame realizado sobre as duas compilações de leis, o presente trabalho busca compreender as relações estabelecidas entre as justiças inquisitorial e secular em Portugal e seus domínios, com especial atenção aos mecanismos de funcionamento; à composição dos quadros dos tribunais e as qualidades exigidas; às regras de conduta estabelecidas e, principalmente, aos dispositivos manejados no esforço de manutenção da desigualdade natural que norteava a vida dos contemporâneos. A partir da análise do conjunto dessas documentações, da legislação extravagante e da narrativa de alguns casos exemplares, esse estudo pretende colaborar com a compreensão dos pontos de contato e afastamento que formavam as principais fontes de lei da Igreja e do Rei no mundo luso brasileiro dos seiscentos. / The Regiments of the Inquisition ˗ legislative sources for the regulation of the Holy Office ˗ was configured as basic references for understanding the institution. In the Portuguese dominions, these texts have undergone four major updates that cover a period of more than three centuries (1552, 1613, 1640 and 1774). With significant contributions to the ordering of society, the versions of 1613 and 1640 became the most comprehensive compilations, result of the growing importance of the document and legal sophistication of the Court. The Ordinances of the Kingdom of Portugal ˗ code of laws of secular justice inspired by the Roman legal texts ˗ represented, since the reign of King Afonso V, the most important source of rules and regulations that also ordered the Portuguese society. In particular, the Philippine Ordinances, enacted in 1603, following their predecessors, have become the main organizer parameter of justice among the coeval. Although different in terms of jurisdiction and scope, as a point in common, the two documents had important elements to the understanding of the notion of order, typical aspect of the period and base of the structure of the portuguese social hierarchies. As a result of the examination on the two compilations of laws, this study seeks to understand the relations between the inquisitorial and secular justice in Portugal and its fields, with particular attention to the operational mechanisms; the composition of the courts and the required qualities of their members; the established rules of conduct and especially the managed devices of the natural inequality maintenance effort that guided the lives of contemporaries. From the analysis of all these documentations, from the extravagant law and from the narrative of some exemplary cases, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the points of contact and distance that formed the main sources of law of the Church and of the King in brazilian portuguese world in six hundred.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaBR_DISSERT.pdf: 2637703 bytes, checksum: bbb2edf63541043eec5fce3fda7d51e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This research aims to analyze the concept of childhood in the dimension of educational practice, which is present in the regimental school and historically constructed power relations during the period 1910 to 1930, in Rio Grande do Norte. To contextualize this study, it is necessary to address the Bylaws of the School Groups (1915), the Internal Isolated Schools (1925) and Education Reform (1916). The expansion of education in the State, aiming at preparing the individual for the new capitalist social order was the concern of all governments of the first republic. During this period, the school is conceived as a privileged scenario of a set of practices aimed at disciplining the children, to explore, in some respects, the concept of childhood. Over time, this cocep??o was constructed historically. In addition, the school receives children, which in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, are inserted into an educational process in line with the state, embodied in laws, regulations and school discursive practices / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a concep??o de inf?ncia na dimens?o da pr?tica pedag?gica, a qual se encontra presente nos regimentos escolares e historicamente constru?do nas rela??es de poder, durante o per?odo de 1910 a 1930, no Rio Grande do Norte. Para contextualizar este estudo, se faz necess?rio abordar o Regimento Interno dos Grupos Escolares (1925), Regimento Interno das Escolas Isoladas (1925), Regimento Interno das Escolas Rudimentares (1925), Regulamento da Escola Normal (1922) e a Reforma do Ensino (1916). A amplia??o da educa??o no Estado, visando preparar o indiv?duo para a nova ordem social capitalista era a preocupa??o de todos os governos da primeira rep?blica. Nesse per?odo, a institui??o escolar ? concebida como cen?rio privilegiado de um conjunto de pr?ticas voltadas para disciplinamento da inf?ncia, tendo em vista explorar, em alguns aspectos a concep??o de Inf?ncia. Ao longo dos tempos, essa concep??o foi sendo constru?da historicamente. Paralelamente, a escola recebe as crian?as, as quais, no final do s?culo XIX e in?cio do s?culo XX, s?o inseridas em um processo educacional em conson?ncia com o Estado, materializado por meio de leis, regimentos escolares e pr?ticas discursivas

This thesis will contend that a permanent body of military force under royal command, a ‘standing army’, arose during the first three decades of the seventeenth century in France. Such a development constituted a transformation in the nature of the monarchy’s armed forces. It was achieved by encouraging elements of the French nobility to become long-term office-holders within royal military institutions. Those members of the nobility who joined the standing army were not coerced into doing so by the crown, but joined the new body of force because it provided them with a means of achieving one of the fundamental ambitions of the French nobility: social advancement for their family. The first four chapters of this thesis thus look at how the standing army emerged via the entrenchment of a system of permanent infantry regiments within France. They look at how certain families, particularly from the lower and middling nobility, attempted to monopolise offices within the regiments due to the social benefits they conferred. Some of the consequences that arose from the army becoming an institution in which ‘careers’ could be pursued, such as promotion and venality, will be examined, as will how elements of the the nobility were vital to the expansion of the standing army beyond its initial core of units. Chapters Five and Six will investigate how the emergence of this new type of force affected the most powerful noblemen of the realm, the grands. In particular, it will focus on those grands who held the prestigious supra-regimental military offices of Constable and Colonel General of the Infantry. The thesis concludes that the emergence of the standing army helped to alter considerably the relationship between the monarchy and the nobility by the end of the period in question. A more monarchy-centred army and state had begun to emerge in France by the late 1620s; a polity which might be dubbed the early ‘absolute monarchy’. However, such a state of affairs had only arisen due to the considerable concessions that the monarchy had made to the ambitions of certain elements of the nobility.

Few studies have assessed the optimum second line highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in patients who had failed on the first-line HAART in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to compare the Protease inhibitor (PI)-based second line HAART regimens used in one clinic in Trinidad by comparing immunological, virological and clinical outcomes of patients on the different second line HAART regimens. The records of 35 treatment-experienced patients, over 21years of age and on PI-based regimens for at least six months, were analysed using SPSS version 20. The regimen containing TDF/FTC/AZT/LPV/r proved to produce superior outcomes compared to the other second line regimens. Due the small number of usable patients’ records, the findings cannot be generalised but indicate directions for future studies attempting to compare the treatment outcomes of different second line HAART regimens / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)

No description available.

Text has abstracts in English and isiNdebele languages / This study focused on the naming and praises of amasokana (initiates) among the South African amaNdebele during and after the initiation process. An explanation is offered as to why amasokana of amaNdebele use Sepedi names instead of isiNdebele names during their transition from boyhood to manhood. Using critical language awareness, this study examined names and praises based on the cultural and traditional poetic forms recited by the amasokana during their homecoming ceremonies when they are introduced to their community by their post-initiation names. This is a case study that made use of interviews and observations as instruments to acquire data about the naming practices and praises of the amasokana of the amaNdebele. The research aims to make a meaningful contribution to the recording and preservation of the indigenous names of amasokana and their praises for posterity and to sustain cultural identity and the quintessential elements of humanity. / Irhubhululo leli linqophe ekuthiyweni kwamabizo kanye neembongweni zamasokana wamaNdebele eSewula Afrika ngesikhathi nangemva kwengoma. Isendlalelo siqale khulu ekutheni kubayini amasokana wamaNdebele asebenzisa amabizo weSepedi esikhundleni samabizo wesiNdebele ngesikhathi lokha nakasuka ebusaneni aya ebudodeni. Kilelirhubhululo, kuhlolwe amabizo kanye neembongo ngokuqalisa eendleleni ezibukondlo zangokwesiko kanye nomkhuba wokubonga kwamasokana nakagodukako lokha nakazazisa ngamabizo wabo wobusokana. Ngalokho- ke amabizo wendabuko wamasokana kanye neembongo kufanele kurekhodwe, kubulungwe ukuze kubulungwe ubunjalo besiko kanye neengcenye eziqakathekileko zobuntu. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Few studies have assessed the optimum second line highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in patients who had failed on the first-line HAART in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to compare the Protease inhibitor (PI)-based second line HAART regimens used in one clinic in Trinidad by comparing immunological, virological and clinical outcomes of patients on the different second line HAART regimens. The records of 35 treatment-experienced patients, over 21years of age and on PI-based regimens for at least six months, were analysed using SPSS version 20. The regimen containing TDF/FTC/AZT/LPV/r proved to produce superior outcomes compared to the other second line regimens. Due the small number of usable patients’ records, the findings cannot be generalised but indicate directions for future studies attempting to compare the treatment outcomes of different second line HAART regimens / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)