The goal of this paper is to clarify Martin Buber's concept of guilt. To make the notion of guilt clear we will use mainly Buber's papers 'I and Thou','The Problem of Man','Images of Good and Evil' and the short essay 'Guilt and Guilt Feelings'. During our analysis we will also focus on other important notions of Buber's philosophical system and their possible development. Among other things, it will be the notion of the world, relationship and essential determination.The whole paper is intended to clarify Buber's dispute with psychoterapists, mainly with S. Freud, over the nature of guilt in the essay 'Guilt and Guilt Feelings'.

A paixão, os relacionamentos extraconjugais e o casamento são temas interligados que instigam os homens desde os tempos remotos. A paixão apresenta como característica principal a experiência excessiva e é difícil de ser controlada pela razão. Será abordado neste trabalho o conceito de amor para esclarecer que a paixão amorosa possui uma estrutura que se diferencia das demais modalidades de amor. A paixão insere o indivíduo em uma vivência estrondosa e tem como característica elementar a ativação da criatividade e do desejo. O objetivo do trabalho é verificar por meio de um estudo comparativo entre pessoas casadas e pessoas casadas vivendo uma relação extraconjugal se as últimas apresentam maiores índices nas manifestações de distresse, expressão de afetos, impulsividade, propensão ao risco e busca de sensações. Para isso foram acompanhados 40 (quarenta) adultos entre 25 (vinte e cinco) e 60 (sessenta) anos, casados, de ambos os sexos, sendo 25 (vinte) deles vivendo uma relação extraconjugal, e outros 20 (vinte) que não vivenciavam relação extraconjugal. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa: Escala do amor apaixonado (Passionate Love Scale), Escala de tipos de apego adulto, Avaliação de Classe Social-Pelotas, Mental Health Inventory (MHI), Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto, Escala de Propensão ao Risco Específico (Epre), Escala Barrat de Impulsividade (Barrat Impulsivity Scale), Inventário de Busca de Sensações de Arnett. Os resultados dos dois grupos (casados em relacionamento extraconjugal e casados sem relacionamento extraconjugal) foram comparados estatisticamente. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. A análise de resultados permitiu verificar que: (1) pessoas casados vivendo uma relação extraconjugal não estão comprometidas em termos de psicopatologia; (2) estão em busca de sensações; (3) não há padrão de apego diferente nos dois grupos analisados; (4) as pessoas têm consciência de que transgridem as normas sociais e refletem sobre isso; (5) para viver essa relação transgressora essas pessoas têm como característica assumir riscos; (6) os casados em relação extraconjugal estão buscando algo mais idealizado e mais duradouro enquanto afeto. No entanto, compensam menos com outras coisas e não se apresentam impulsivos. Conclui-se que não existem diferenças na vivencia da paixão entre os grupos com e sem relação extraconjugal no que se refere às suas características. O grupo de pessoas com relação extraconjugal não apresentou nenhum comprometimento psíquico ou funcional. Portanto, as pessoas vivendo relação extraconjugal não estão comprometidas em termos de psicopatologia, não se apresentam impulsivas e nem estão em busca de sensações. Entretanto, podem estar, simplesmente, em busca de completude e de satisfação nem sempre presentes nos relacionamentos institucionalizados / Passion, extramarital relationships, and marriage are intertwined themes that have instigated men since ancient times. Passion presents as its main characteristic excessive experience and is difficult to be controlled by reason. It will be approached in this thesis the concept of love to clarify that the passionate love has a structure that differs from the other modalities of love. Passion insert the individual into a thundering experience and has as na elementary characteristic the activation of creativity and desire. The objective of this study is to verify by means of a comparative study between married and married people living an extramarital relationship if the latter present higher indexes in the manifestations of distress, affection expression, impulsivity, risk propensity and sensation search. 40 (forty) adults were followed between 25 (twenty-five) and 60 (sixty) years of age, married, of both sexes, 25 (twenty) of whom were living in an extramarital relationship, and 20 (twenty) not living na extramarital relationship. The following research tools were used: Passionate Love Scale, Adult Attachment Type Scale, Social-Pelotas Classification, Mental Health Inventory (MHI), Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Risk Propensity Scale Specific (Epre), Barrat Impulsivity Scale, Arnett Sensation Search Inventory. The results of the two groups (married in extramarital relationship and married without extramarital relationship) were compared statistically. The data were analyzed by the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. The analysis of the results allowed to verify that: (1) married persons living in an extramarital relationship are not compromised in terms of psychopathology; (2) are in search of sensations; (3) there is no different pattern of attachment in the two groups analyzed; (4) people are aware that they violate social norms and reflect on it; (5) to live this transgressive relationship these people have the characteristic to take risks; (6) those married in extramarital affairs are seeking something more idealized and more enduring as affection. However, they compensate less with other things and are not impulsive. It is concluded that there are no differences in the experience of the passion between the groups with and without extramarital relationship in relation to their characteristics. The group of people with extramarital relationship did not present any psychic or functional impairment. Therefore, people living in extramarital relationships are not compromised in terms of psychopathology, are not impulsive and are not in search of sensations. However, they may simply be seeking completeness and satisfaction not always present in institutionalized relationships

Tentando gerar inovações e maior aceitação no mercado, as vinícolas brasileiras têm investido em estrutura física que proporcione uma experiência mais satisfatória do tradicionalmente oferecido pelas redes de varejo. Com o apoio do enoturismo, essas empresas realizam degustações acompanhadas por visitas guiadas em sua propriedade. Contudo, o vinho brasileiro tem sofrido forte concorrência com países como Argentina e Chile. Expostos à concorrência, torna-se necessário que as vinícolas busquem novas alternativas para se diferenciarem. Para isso, as vinícolas buscam maior qualidade e proximidade com os consumidores. Como solução para esse problema, a cocriação possibilita a geração de inovação a partir do envolvimento do cliente. Considerando que a cocriação de valor ocorre a partir das interações das empresas com os consumidores, não é suficiente entender apenas a visão de um dos lados. Para essa investigação, considerou-se os seguintes agentes da cadeia do vinho: a vinícola, os seus intermediários e o consumidor final. Dessa forma, esse estudo teve como objetivo entender quais são os canais adequados para um processo de cocriação de valor na cadeia do vinho. Para tal, fez-se necessária a compreensão de alguns conceitos como relacionamento com o cliente, partindo da Lógica do Serviço Dominante até a cocriação de valor. Abordando, assim, aspectos importantes de quatro modelos conceituais de cocriação de valor. A primeira etapa desse estudo foi qualitativa de finalidade exploratória, para levantamento de informações a respeito de como a vinícola e seus intermediários interagem. A segunda etapa foi quantitativa com finalidade exploratória e foi realizada com os clientes da vinícola Miolo. A vinícola não é o único canal por onde o consumidor consegue obter informações e produtos, sendo assim, foram considerados: uma loja especializada (Vinum) e um e-commerce (Vinhos e Vinhos). A escolha se deu porque esses foram considerados os canais onde as possibilidades de cocriação são maiores. Na primeira etapa desse estudo a técnica de coleta de dados utilizada foi a entrevista em profundidade com um dos responsáveis pela gestão, considerando dois setores da empresa relevantes à essa pesquisa. Na segunda etapa realizou-se um levantamento com 74 consumidores da vinícola. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo na primeira etapa, utilizando-se do software Nvivo. Na segunda etapa realizou-se uma análise descritiva da amostra e testes par verificação de correlações entre as variáveis, a partir do software SPSS. Observou-se que ainda há falhas na comunicação entre as empresas estudadas e seus consumidores, principalmente ao que se relaciona ao diálogo e ao acesso. Ademais, verificou-se que as empresas têm se preocupado menos com questões relacionadas ao planejamento, aprendizagem e métricas. Contudo, observa-se que as três empresas têm feito esforços para se relacionarem com seus clientes, mas as oportunidades de cocriação de valor estão sendo pouco exploradas. / Searching for interaction with customers, trying to generate innovation and greater market acceptance, Brazilian wineries have been investing in an infrastructure able to provide a more satisfactory experience than the one based on purchases at shops and supermarkets. With the support of wine tourism, these wineries hold tastings of some of their products combined with guided tours around the property, showing the customer the wine production method and explaining some important techniques for a better appreciation of the commercialized products. Due to competition with wineries from Argentina e Chile, it is necessary that Brazilian wineries seek new alternatives that will lead to an increased consumer demand of products. For this purpose, the wineries seek greater proximity to customers as well as higher quality. As a solution to this problem, co-creation generates innovation from the engagement of consumers (). Considering that value co-creation happens from interaction between companies and customers, understanding only the consumer vision or the company’s is not enough; an analysis of both must be done. For this investigation, it was considered for the wine productive chain the winery, the intermediary and the final consumer. Two types of intermediaries were considered: shops and e-commerce, since these are the channels with better possibilities for co-creation. Thus, the objective of this study was to understand which channels are appropriate for value co-creation process in the wine productive chain. For this purpose, it’s necessary to comprehend some concepts like relationship with client, from the Service Dominant Logic to co-creation of value. An approach of important aspects of value co-creation conceptual models was made: DART model, from Phahalad and Ramaswamy (2004), Payne, Storbacka and Frow model (2008), Arnould, Price and Malshe model (2006) and Brasil, Santos and Dietrich model (2010). The first stage of this study was qualitative with an exploratory purpose (GIL, 2008) for information survey about the winery and its intermediaries. The second stage was quantitative with an exploratory purpose and was carried out with Miolo winery’s customers. The customer can acquire information and products not only from the winery, so two intermediaries were considered in this study: the e-commerce Vinhos & Vinhos and the wine store Vinum. On the first stage of this study, the data collection technique used was an in-depth interview with the person responsible for the management, considering two important company departments to this research. On the second stage, it was made a survey with 74 winery’s consumers. On the first stage, a content analysis was made using the Nvivo software. On the second stage, a descriptive analysis of the sample and correlation verification test based on the SPSS software were made. It was noted that failures exist in the communication between the surveyed companies and the consumers, mainly related to dialog and access. In addition, it was found that companies are less concerned about issues related to planning, learning and metrics. However, it was noted that the three companies have been making efforts to build a relationship with customers, but the opportunities for value co-creation are not explored enough.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a qualidade conjugal nos relacionamentos contemporâneos. Para tal, dois artigos foram elaborados. O primeiro apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura com o intuito de mapear o que é investigado como relevante a respeito das temáticas associadas à qualidade, ajustamento e satisfação conjugal. O segundo apresenta um estudo empírico com 1476 sujeitos, no qual investigou-se a associação entre as variáveis idade, tempo de duração da conjugalidade, presença ou não de filhos, salário pessoal mensal, percepção sobre a conjugalidade dos pais e a qualidade conjugal que vivenciam. Uma análise discriminante entre grupos de alta e baixa qualidade conjugal também foi realizada. Os resultados refletem a presença de múltiplos fatores que circunscrevem a qualidade conjugal dos participantes e que expressam a complexidade de investigar e compreender esse fenômeno. / The objective of this research was to investigate marital quality in contemporary relationships. To this, two articles were prepared. The first presents a systematic literature review in order to map what is investigated as relevant regarding issues associated with quality, adjustment and marital satisfaction. The second presents a study of 1476 participants in which we investigated the association between the variables age, duration of the marital relationship, presence of children, monthly personal income, perception of parental marital and marital quality that experience. A discriminant analysis between high and low marital quality groups was also realized. The results reflect the presence of multiple factors that circumscribe the marital quality and express the complexity of investigate and understand this phenomenon.

In my diploma thesis I intend to look into the issue of commitment in love relationships. I wonder how it is influenced by the nature of nowadays society enhancing individualism and flexibility. Commitments are based in merging our own identity with identity of our partner. But crucial is to balance it with our own autonomy and freedom. Commitment means putting certain restrictions to our future choices. I made sixteen semi-structured qualitative interviewes based on grounded theory and I looked for answers how they perceive commitments in love relationships, what meaningful partnership means to them and how they cope with comparing potential alternatives. Keywords Commitment, love, relationship, individualism, autonomy

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo lograr la fidelización de los clientes, respecto al servicio y a los productos que ofrece el restaurante, debido a que no existe una adecuada relación entre los clientes y el restaurante. The present work aims to achieve customer loyalty, regarding the service and the products offered by the restaurant, because there is no adequate relationship between customers and the restaurant

The Group Questionnaire (GQ) was developed to measure group therapeutic processes-which are linked to successful prediction of patient outcome and therapeutic factors-across three qualitative dimensions (positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship) and three structural dimensions (member-leader, member-member, and member-group). The GQ model has been shown to be valid across 5 settings and 4 countries. As a clinical measure given after each session, length is of particular concern. Although shorter measures are more convenient for clients and therapists to use, fewer items necessarily means less information, a loss of psychometrics, and possible floor and ceiling effects. This study examined the effects of shortening the GQ on its clinical utility and psychometric integrity. Methods. Archival data from 7 previous studies was used, with 2,594 participants in an estimated 455 groups gathered from counseling centers, non-clinical process groups, inpatient psychiatric hospitals, outpatient psychiatric hospitals, and an inpatient state hospital. Participants answered questions from the Group Questionnaire administered during the productive working phase of a group. Analysis. Analysis was done using multilevel structural equation modeling in Mplus to account for the nested nature of groups. Items were selected using clinical judgment and statistical judgment considering inter item correlation and factor loading. Model fit was analyzed in comparison to the standards in the literature and in comparison to the full length GQ. Discussion. The revised 12 item GQ has good model fit and acceptable reliability. Further assessment is needed to determine how the reduction affects clinical utility.

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential differences in selected acoustic measures of speech as a function of age, across sexes, and between families. The data used in this study were previously collected for a larger project on voice production at the University of Utah. Participants included 169 individuals, 79 men and 90 women, from 18 Utah families, ranging in age from 17 to 87 years. All participants had no history of articulation disorders, stroke or active neurologic disease, or severe-profound hearing loss. Participants were recorded reading two passages aloud in a sound booth. These two passages were selected as connected speech tasks from which to extract the following acoustic metrics: fricative spectral measures (center of gravity, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis), mean fundamental frequency (F0), semitone standard deviation (STSD), speaking time ratio, and cepstral peak prominence smoothed (CPPS). Results indicated significant aging effects on spectral center of gravity and skewness, mean F0, and STSD. There was a significant sex effect for spectral center of gravity and kurtosis, mean F0, speaking time ratio, and CPPS. Familial relationship had a significant effect for spectral skewness, STSD, and CPPS. Findings from the current study indicate that certain speech and voicing features point to a decline with age and that aging affects the speech of men and women differently. Additionally, these data suggest that related speakers may demonstrate similar patterns for prosody, voicing, and articulation behavior, although the statistical testing did not allow us to draw specific inferences about such similarities. These findings describe some normal variations in the speech production of persons of differing age, sex, and familial background. An understanding of these normal speech differences in healthy individuals is valuable for differentiating between typical and pathological speech patterns in a clinical setting.

Maintaining the proper physician-patient relationship in health care is vital to the well-being of patients, especially when considering end of life decisions such as euthanasia. Because this topic has been in the forefront of media in recent years, there appears to be a need to understand how the relationship between physician and patient works in these practical situations, as well as understand what the most appropriate model of patient care is in regards to maintaining patient autonomy. However, before this can be done this paper will begin with a brief look at the overall permissibility of euthanasia, using the arguments of Dan Brock and Leon Kass. Once the issue of permissibility is discussed, I continue by investigating three main models of patient care presented by Linda and Ezekiel Emanuel: informative, interpretive, and deliberative. Each of these models presents a different view of patient autonomy that changes how the physician and patient interact. By discussing the philosophical requirements of autonomy presented by philosophers such as Harry Frankfurt, Susan Wolf, and Andrea Westlund, I argue that the deliberative model of patient care provides the most sufficient view of autonomy while also protecting the physician-patient relationship and patient well-being.

Previous research has indicated that married persons report experiencing greater happiness than cohabitating persons (e.g., Stack & Eshleman, 1998). Lee and Ono (2012) conducted a cross-national analysis to compare overall happiness between married and cohabiting couples in different cultural contexts and found the "happiness gap" increased as society became less gender-egalitarian and as the role of religion increased. The current study sought to consider how race and ethnicity might serve as a cultural context within the United States (US) by investigating the differences in relationship satisfaction between married and cohabiting couples by testing two hypotheses. First, it was expected that married couples would have higher relationship satisfaction than cohabitating couples. Secondly, it was expected that the effect of marital status on relationship satisfaction would vary with race/ethnicity. To address these hypotheses, data was taken from the Married and Cohabitating Couples dataset from the National Center for Family & Marriage Research (NCFMR). The data set includes information from 752 married and 323 cohabitating heterosexual couples, from18-64 years of age. Of these individuals, 80.5% were White/Non-Hispanic, 5.0% Black/Non-Hispanic, 4.9% Other/Non-Hispanic, 7.8% Hispanic, and 1.8% 2+Races/Non-Hispanic. A single survey item from the NCFMR study served as the dependent variable in the present study. Participants were asked: "To what extent do you agree with the following statement: Our relationship has changed for the worse”. This item was intended as a measure of relationship satisfaction by determining the relationship between the responses to this item and responses to demographic items about race/ethnicity and marital status. A two way, independent ANOVA analysis found a non-significant main effect of marital status on the respondents’ view of the relationship, F(1, 2070) = .564, p = .453, = 0, a non-significant main effect of race/ethnicity on the respondents view of the relationship, F(4, 2070) = .984, p = .415, = 0 , and a significant interaction between marital status and race/ethnicity, F( 4, 2070) = 2.582. p = .036, = .003. A simple effects analysis was conducted and among White, non-Hispanic respondents, the view of the relationship was more negative among the cohabitating group than among the married group (p < 0.01). However, the view of the relationship was similar for married and cohabitating couples among Black, non-Hispanic (p = .279), Other non-Hispanic (p = .836), Hispanic (p = .533), and 2+Races, non-Hispanic (p = .127). The findings suggest there is no difference between married and cohabitating couple's relationship satisfaction. However, there was a statistically significant difference in relationship satisfaction between married and cohabitating couples in the White, non-Hispanic group but not in the other racial and ethnic groups. The findings of this study should be interpreted with caution as there was a large difference in sample size among the racial and ethnicity groups, decreasing the reliability of the results. Understanding how marital status and race/ethnicity influence relationship satisfaction has important practical implications for relationship education programs such as ensuring that content presented is culturally relevant to diverse groups. Additional limitations and implications will be addressed in the presentation.