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En kvantitativ undersökning av hur iKBT påverkar samvetsstress och arbetsrelaterad stress hos vårdpersonal under hård arbetsbelastning till följd av Covid-19 / A Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of iCBT on Stress of Conscience and Work-Related Stress Among Healthcare Staff under High Workload due to Covid-19Dahlberg, Patrik, Nikoo, Sara January 2021 (has links)
Antalet sjukskrivningar till följd av stressrelaterade sjukdomar har ökat kraftigt för vårdpersonal. Därtill saknas det evidens för internetbaserade interventioner mot stressrelaterad ohälsa för vårdpersonal. Syftet var att undersöka och utvärdera en internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi-intervention (iKBT) avseende graden av samvetsstress, arbetsrelaterad stress samt självmedkänsla hos vårdpersonal. Enkäter bestående av Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ), Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire version II (COPSOQ II) och Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) besvarades av deltagarna (N = 8), samtliga var kvinnor mellan 27 – 53 år. Resultaten analyserades med PEM och RCI på individnivå och T-test på gruppnivå. RCI-analysen visade begränsade resultat för SCQ, blandade resultat för COPSOQ II och övervägande positiva resultat för SCS. Analysen på gruppnivå visade en signifikant minskning i Sömnbesvär (p = .032) och Self-Judgment (p = .021) samt signifikant ökning i Self-Kindness (p = .016). Studien behöver replikeras i framtida studier med ett större antal deltagare och en studiedesign som är metodologiskt robust. / The amount of sick leave due to stress-related illnesses has increased significantly for healthcare staff. In addition, there is a lack of evidence for internet-based interventions for stress-related illness for healthcare staff. The aim was to examine and evaluate an internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) intervention regarding the degree of stress of conscience, work-related stress and self-compassion among healthcare staff. Questionnaires consisting of Stress of Conscience Questionnaire (SCQ), Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire version II (COPSOQ II) and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) were answered by the participants (N = 8), all were women between 27 - 53 years. The results were analyzed with PEM and RCI at the individual level and T-tests at group level. The RCI analysis showed limited results for SCQ, mixed results for COPSOQ II and predominantly positive results for SCS. The analysis at group level showed a significant decrease in Sleep Disorders (p = .032) and Self-Judgment (p = .021) as well as a significant increase in Self-Kindness (p = .016). The study needs to be replicated in future studies with a larger number of participants and a study design that is more methodologically robust.
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Fiabilité des outils de prévision du comportement des systèmes thermiques complexesMerheb, Rania 04 December 2013 (has links)
La conception des bâtiments à faible consommation d’énergie est devenue un enjeu très important dans le but de réduire au maximum la consommation d’énergie et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre associées. Pour y arriver, il est indispensable de connaître les sources potentielles de biais et d’incertitude dans le domaine de la modélisation thermique des bâtiments d’un part, et de les caractériser et les évaluer d’autre part.Pour répondre aux exigences courantes en termes de fiabilité des prévisions du comportement thermique des bâtiments, nous avons essayé dans le cadre de cette thèse de quantifier les incertitudes liés à des paramètres influents, de proposer une technique de diagnostic de l’enveloppe, propager les incertitudes via une méthode ensembliste sur un modèle simplifié et puis proposer une démarche permettant d’identifier les paramètres de modélisation les plus influents et d’évaluer leur effet sur les performances énergétiques avec le moindre coût en termes de simulations. / Designing buildings with low-energy consumption has become a very important issue in order to minimize energy consumption and the emissions of associated greenhouse gas. To achieve this, it is essential to know the potential sources of bias and uncertainty in the field of buildings thermal modeling and to characterize and evaluate them.To meet the current requirements in terms of reliable predictions of buildings thermal behavior, we have tried in this thesis, to quantify uncertainties associated to influential parameters, to propose a technique for diagnosing the building’s envelope, propagate uncertainties via a set-method for the case of a simplified model. We finally proposed an approach to identify the most influential modeling parameters to evaluate their impact on energy performance.
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Feasible Form Parameter Design of Complex Ship Hull Form GeometryMcCulloch, Thomas L 20 December 2018 (has links)
This thesis introduces a new methodology for robust form parameter design of complex hull form geometry via constraint programming, automatic differentiation, interval arithmetic, and truncated hierarchical B- splines. To date, there has been no clearly stated methodology for assuring consistency of general (equality and inequality) constraints across an entire geometric form parameter ship hull design space. In contrast, the method to be given here can be used to produce guaranteed narrowing of the design space, such that infeasible portions are eliminated. Furthermore, we can guarantee that any set of form parameters generated by our method will be self consistent. It is for this reason that we use the title feasible form parameter design.
In form parameter design, a design space is represented by a tuple of design parameters which are extended in each design space dimension. In this representation, a single feasible design is a consistent set of real valued parameters, one for every component of the design space tuple. Using the methodology to be given here, we pick out designs which consist of consistent parameters, narrowed to any desired precision up to that of the machine, even for equality constraints. Furthermore, the method is developed to enable the generation of complex hull forms using an extension of the basic rules idea to allow for automated generation of rules networks, plus the use of the truncated hierarchical B-splines, a wavelet-adaptive extension of standard B-splines and hierarchical B-splines. The adaptive resolution methods are employed in order to allow an automated program the freedom to generate complex B-spline representations of the geometry in a robust manner across multiple levels of detail. Thus two complementary objectives are pursued: ensuring feasible starting sets of form parameters, and enabling the generation of complex hull form geometry.
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Optimisation multicritères de la qualité de service dans les réseaux de capteurs multimédia sans fil / Multicriteria optimization of the quality of service in the wireless multimedia sensor networksAlaoui Fdili, Othmane 10 June 2015 (has links)
Les progrès réalisés en systèmes micro-électro-mécaniques couplés avec leur convergence vers les systèmes de communication sans fil, ont permis l'émergence des réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSF). Les contraintes de ces réseaux font que tous les efforts soient fournis pour proposer des solutions économes en énergie. Avec les récents développements des technologies CMOS, des capteurs d'images à faible coût ont été développés. En conséquence, un nouveau dérivé des RCSF, qui sont les Réseaux de Capteurs Vidéo Sans Fil (RCVSF), a été proposé. La particularité des données vidéo ainsi que les contraintes inhérentes aux nœuds ont introduit de nouveaux défis. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons deux solutions basées sur l'approche inter-couches pour la livraison de la vidéo sur les RCVSF. La première solution propose un nouveau schéma de compression vidéo adaptatif, efficace en énergie et basé sur la norme de compression vidéo H.264/AVC. Le flux vidéo est ensuite géré par une version améliorée du protocole MMSPEED que nous proposons et notons EQBSA-MMSPEED. Les résultats des simulations montrent que la durée de vie du réseau est étendue de 33%, tout en améliorant la qualité du flux vidéo reçu de 12%. Dans la deuxième solution, nous enrichissons le schéma de compression de modèles mathématiques pour prévoir la consommation d'énergie et la distorsion de l'image lors des phases d'encodage et de transmission. Le flux vidéo est géré par un nouveau protocole de routage efficace en énergie et à fiabilité améliorée noté ERMM. Comparée à une approche basique, cette solution réalise une extension de la durée de vie du réseau de 15%, tout en améliorant la qualité du flux vidéo reçu de 35%. / Thanks to the valuable advances in Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems coupled with their convergence to wireless communication systems, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In the WSN context, all the efforts are made in order to propose energy-efficient solutions. With the recent developments in CMOS technology, low-cost imaging sensors have been developed. As a result, a new derivative of the WSN, which is the Wireless Video Sensor Network (WVSN), has been proposed. The particularities of the video data as well as the inherent constraints of the nodes have introduced new challenges. In this thesis, we propose two cross-layer based solutions for video delivery over the WVSN. The first solution proposes a new energy efficient and adaptive video compression scheme dedicated to the WVSNs, based on the H.264/AVC video compression standard. The video stream is then handled by an enhanced version of MMSPEED protocol, that we propose and note EQBSA-MMSPEED. Performance evaluation shows that the lifetime of the network is extended by 33%, while improving the video quality of the received stream by 12%. In the second solution, we enrich our compression scheme with mathematical models to predict the energy consumption and the video distortion during the encoding and the transmission phases. The video stream is then handled by a novel energy efficient and improved reliability routing protocol, that we note ERMM. Compared to a basic approach, this solution is extending the network lifetime by 15%, while improving the quality of the received video stream by 35%.
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Lifenet: a flexible ad hoc networking solution for transient environmentsMehendale, Hrushikesh Sanjay 18 November 2011 (has links)
In the wake of major disasters, the failure of existing communications infrastructure and the subsequent lack of an effective communication solution results in increased risks, inefficiencies, damage and casualties. Currently available options such as satellite communication are expensive and have limited functionality. A robust communication solution should be affordable, easy to deploy, require little infrastructure, consume little power and facilitate Internet access. Researchers
have long proposed the use of ad hoc wireless networks for such scenarios. However such networks have so far failed to create any impact, primarily because they are unable to handle network transience and have usability constraints such as static topologies and dependence on specific platforms.
LifeNet is a WiFi-based ad hoc data communication solution designed for use in highly transient environments. After presenting the motivation, design principles and key insights from prior literature, the dissertation introduces a new
routing metric called Reachability and a new routing protocol based on it, called Flexible Routing. Roughly speaking, reachability measures the end-to-end multi-path probability that a packet transmitted by a source reaches its final
destination. Using experimental results, it is shown that even with high transience, the reachability metric - (1) accurately captures the effects of transience (2) provides a compact and eventually consistent global network view at
individual nodes, (3) is easy to calculate and maintain and (4) captures availability. Flexible Routing trades throughput for availability and fault-tolerance and ensures successful packet delivery under varying degrees of transience.
With the intent of deploying LifeNet on field we have been continuously interacting with field partners, one of which is Tata Institute of Social Sciences India. We have refined LifeNet iteratively refined base on their feedback.
I conclude the thesis with lessons learned from our field trips so far and deployment plans for the near future.
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Medium Access Control, Packet Routing, and Internet Gateway Placement in Vehicular Ad Hoc NetworksOmar, Hassan Aboubakr January 2014 (has links)
Road accidents represent a serious social problem and are one of the leading causes of human death and disability on a global scale. To reduce the risk and severity of a road accident, a variety of new safety applications can be realized through wireless communications among vehicles driving nearby each other, or among vehicles and especially deployed road side units (RSUs), a technology known as a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). Most of the VANET-enabled safety applications are based on broadcasting of safety messages by vehicles or RSUs, either periodically or in case of an unexpected event, such as a hard brake or dangerous road condition detection. Each broadcast safety message should be successfully delivered to the surrounding vehicles and RSUs without any excess delay, which is one of the main functions of a medium access control (MAC) protocol proposed for VANETs. This thesis presents VeMAC, a new multichannel time division multiple access (TDMA) protocol specifically designed to support the high priority safety applications in a VANET scenario. The ability of the VeMAC protocol to deliver periodic and event-driven safety messages in VANETs is demonstrated by a detailed delivery delay analysis, including queueing and service delays, for both types of safety messages. As well, computer simulations are conducted by using MATLAB, the network simulator ns-2, and the microscopic vehicle traffic simulator VISSIM, in order to evaluate the performance of the VeMAC protocol, in comparison with the IEEE 802.11p standard and the ADHOC MAC protocol (another TDMA protocol proposed for ad hoc networks). A real city scenario is simulated and different performance metrics are evaluated, including the network goodput, protocol overhead, channel utilization, protocol fairness, probability of a transmission collision, and safety message delivery delay. It is shown that the VeMAC protocol considerably outperforms the existing MAC schemes, which have significant limitations in supporting VANET safety applications.
In addition to enhancing road safety, in-vehicle Internet access is one of the main applications of VANETs, which aims at providing the vehicle passengers with a low-cost access to the Internet via on-road gateways. This thesis presents a new strategy for deploying Internet gateways on the roads, in order to minimize the total cost of gateway deployment, while ensuring that a vehicle can connect to an Internet gateway (using multihop communications) with a probability greater than a specified threshold. This cost minimization problem is formulated by using binary integer programming, and applied for optimal gateway placement in a real city scenario. To the best of our knowledge, no previous strategy for gateway deployment has considered the probability of multihop connectivity among the vehicles and the deployed gateways. In order to allow a vehicle to discover the existence of an Internet gateway and to communicate with the gateway via multihops, a novel data packet routing scheme is proposed based on the VeMAC protocol. The performance of this cross-layer design is evaluated for a multichannel VANET in a highway scenario, mainly in terms of the end-to-end packet delivery delay. The packet queueing at each relay vehicle is considered in the end-to-end delay analysis, and numerical results are presented to study the effect of various parameters, such as the vehicle density and the packet arrival rate, on the performance metrics.
The proposed VeMAC protocol is a promising candidate for MAC in VANETs, which can realize many advanced safety applications to enhance the public safety standards and improve the safety level of drivers/passengers and pedestrians on roads. On the other hand, the proposed gateway placement strategy and packet routing scheme represent a strong step toward providing reliable and ubiquitous in-vehicle Internet connectivity.
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A Methodology for Building Service-Oriented Applications in the Presence of Non-Functional PropertiesSouza Neto, Pl?cido Ant?nio de 11 December 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-12-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This thesis presents ⇡SOD-M (Policy-based Service Oriented Development Methodology),
a methodology for modeling reliable service-based applications using policies. It proposes a
model driven method with: (i) a set of meta-models for representing non-functional constraints
associated to service-based applications, starting from an use case model until a service composition
model; (ii) a platform providing guidelines for expressing the composition and the
policies; (iii) model-to-model and model-to-text transformation rules for semi-automatizing
the implementation of reliable service-based applications; and (iv) an environment that implements
these meta-models and rules, and enables the application of ⇡SOD-M. This thesis
also presents a classification and nomenclature for non-functional requirements for developing
service-oriented applications. Our approach is intended to add value to the development of
service-oriented applications that have quality requirements needs. This work uses concepts
from the service-oriented development, non-functional requirements design and model-driven
delevopment areas to propose a solution that minimizes the problem of reliable service modeling.
Some examples are developed as proof of concepts / Esta tese apresenta ⇡SOD-M (Policy-based Service Oriented Development Methodology),
uma metodologia para a modelagem de aplica??es orientadas a servi?os a qual usa Pol?ticas de
qualidade. O trabalho prop?e um m?todo orientado a modelos para desenvolvimento de aplica??es
confi?veis. ⇡SOD-M consiste de: (i) um conjunto de meta-modelos para representa??o
de requisitos n?o-funcionais associados a servi?os nos diferentes n?veis de modelagem, a partir
de um modelo de caso de uso at? um modelo de composi??o de servi?o, (ii) um meta-modelo de
plataforma espec?fica que representa a especifica??o das composi?oes e as pol?ticas, (iii) regras
de transforma??o model-to-model e model-to-text para semi-automatizar a implementa??o de
composi?oes de servi?os confi?veis, e (iv) um ambiente que implementa estes meta-modelos e
regras, representando assim aspectos transversais e limita??es associadas a servi?os, que devem
ser respeitados. Esta tese tamb?m apresenta uma classifica??o e nomenclatura de requisitos
n?o-funcionais para o desenvolvimento de aplica??es orientadas a servi?os. Nossa abordagem
visa agregar valor ao desenvolvimento de aplica??es orientadas a servi?os que t?m necessidades
de garantias de requisitos de qualidade. Este trabalho utiliza conceitos das ?reas de desenvolvimento
orientado a servi?os, design de requisitos n?o-funcionais e desenvolvimento dirigido a
modelos para propor uma solu??o que minimiza o problema de modelagem de servi?os web
confi?veis
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Značka kvality Spolehlivá veřejně prospěšná organizace / The quality mark "Reliable public benefit organization"SAHANOVÁ, Jitka January 2017 (has links)
The main aim of the thesis is to identify the current position of the quality mark Reliable public benefit organization. The secondary aims are to evaluate the set evaluation criteria, determine an interest of awarding of the mark of nonprofit organizations in the South Bohemia and compare the Czech mark of quality of nonprofit organizations with existing foreign brands.
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[en] METROLOGY RELIABILITY IN THE BRAZILIAN HEALTH SECTOR: A STUDY CASE IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH CARE AND METROLOGICAL CONTROL OF HOSPITAL MEDICAL EQUIPMENT / [pt] CONFIABILIDADE METROLÓGICA NO SETOR DA SAÚDE NO BRASIL ESTUDO DE CASO: QUALIDADE LABORATORIAL NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA E CONTROLE METROLÓGICO DE EQUIPAMENTOS MÉDICO-HOSPITALARESANGELO BENDER CORREA 07 November 2001 (has links)
[pt] A presente dissertação de mestrado em metrologia relaciona-
se à qualidade laboratorial do setor da saúde, notadamente
da saúde pública, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento
da confiabilidade metrológica do setor médico-hospitalar em
pelo menos 4 aspectos básicos: (i) identificação da
legislação metrológica disponível no Brasil, via de regra
organizada de forma esparsa e não facilmente acessível ao
profissional usuário final,cuja pesquisa bibliográfica
explicita grande carência de literatura especializada; (ii)
análise do acervo de normas e recomendações metrológicas
para o setor; (iii)diagnóstico da qualidade laboratorial em
um Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública (LACEN), como
implementação de uma estratégia alternativa para
implantação de sistema da qualidade em laboratório da saúde
pública com base em uma nova abordagem que focaliza a
qualidade laboratorial da Rede nacional de laboratórios
Oficiais de Controle da Qualidade e Saúde, criando um
mecanismo que permite ao laboratório demonstrar sua
competência técnica; (iv) diagnóstico da conformidade
metrológica de instrumentos médico-hospitalares
fundamentado nos estudos de caso de balanças para controle
da massa de neonatos e de instrumentos biomédicos para
medição da pressão arterial, como exemplo de ação do
controle metrológico de instrumentos de amplo uso no
ambiente médico-hospitalar.A despeito da complexidade e
abrangência do setor da saúde no Brasil, a pesquisa
desenvolvida revelou não apenas carência e inadequação da
literatura técnica disponível bem como forte
vulnerabilidade no controle metrológico de laboratório e de
equipamentos médico-hospitalares. O diagnóstico realizado
em um laboratório típico da saúde pública evidenciou também
grandes desafios para a implantação do sistema da
qualidade laboratorial.A despeito dos complexos problemas
de natureza política e econômica que afetam o sistema da
saúde no Brasil, as limitações de caráter metrológicos
relacionam-se (i) à falta de uma adequada cultura
metrológica no setor, fator intrínseco que entrava a
implementação do sistema da qualidade laboratorial,
imprescindível à comprovação da competência técnica do
laboratório (credenciamento) e (ii) uma surpreendente
diversidade de modelos, tipos e quantidade de
instrumentos/equipamentos em uso no setor, via de regra
dependentes de calibração sofisticada que demandam complexa
infra-estrutura laboratorial e métodos e práticas de
calibração não disponíveis nos laboratórios credenciados
que integram as redes laboratoriais implementadas no País.
Sem a pretensão de exaurir tema de tal abrangência e
complexidade, porém com o propósito de exemplificar duas
importantes áreas que apresentam nítida vulnerabilidade em
setores tradicionais cujo envolvimento metrológico não se
constitui em barreira ao profissional- usuário do
equipamento, a pesquisa analisou (a) o desempenho de
dezesseis balanças disponíveis em seis hospitais
maternidades, utilizadas para controle da massa de recém-
nascidos, como estratégia de orientação do diagnóstico
médico e (b)resultados do desempenho de esfigmomanômetros
para controle da pressão arterial no ambiente hospitalar.
O presente trabalho constitui parte de um esforço mais
amplo, desenvolvido em articulação com a Agência Nacional
de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), para fortalecer
a qualidade laboratorial no setor da saúde pública
brasileira. / [en] The present dissertation for a Master`s degree in metrology
is related to laboratory quality in the health care sector
in general and to public health services in particular, and
its purpose is to contribute to the development of reliable
measurement practices in the hospital care section within
the scope of at least 4 basic aspects: (i) identification
of the available metrology legislation in Brazil which, as
a rule, is sparsely organized and is not easily accessible
to the end-user/practitioner, whose bibliographical
research reveals an explicit lack of specialized
literature; (ii) analysis of the compiled measurement
standards and recommendations for the sector; (iii)
diagnosis of laboratory quality in a Central Public Health
Care Laboratory (Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública -
LACEN)as a means by which to implement an alternative
strategy for introducing a quality system in a public
health care laboratory based on a new approach that focuses
on the quality of the laboratories that comprise the
National Network of Official Quality and Health Care
Control Laboratories, and the subsequent creation of a type
of mechanism that will allow a laboratory to demonstrate
its technical competence; (iv) diagnosis of instruments
that are employed in hospital services in terms of their
conformity to measurement standards based on case studies
of scales for controlling the mass of neonates, and of
biomedical instruments for measuring blood pressure, as an
example of how measurement is controlled in the case of
instruments that are widely used in the hospital care
environment.Despite the complexity and reach of the
Brazilian health care sector, the research that
was carried out not only revealed that the technical
literature available is insufficient and unsuitable, but
also that the measurement provided by laboratories and
hospital care equipment are controlled in a high vulnerable
manner. The diagnosis that was performed in a typical
health care laboratory also brought to light a number of
major challenges for the introduction of a laboratory
quality system. Apart from the complex political and
economic problems that affect the Brazilian health
care system as a whole, the limitations associated with
measurements are related to (i)the lack of a suitable
metrology culture within the sector because this intrinsic
factor hampers the implementation of a laboratory quality
system and the latter is an essential requirement for
proving that a laboratory is technically competent
(accreditation), and (ii) the astonishing variety and
number of models and types of instruments/equipment
that are in use in this sector, which, as a rule, depend on
sophisticated calibration procedures and require complex
laboratory infrastructures and calibration methods and
practices that are not available in the accredited
laboratories within the laboratorynetworks that have been
implemented in the country.
This paper does not propose to exhaust such a broad and
complex topic. Rather, its
purpose is to consider the examples of two important areas
that are clearly vulnerable in traditional sectors whose
involvement with metrology does not represent an obstacle to
the practitioner/user of the equipment. To this end, the
research has focused on (a) the performance of sixteen
scales that are available in six maternity hospitals and
are used for controlling the mass of newborn infants as a
strategy for the orientation of medical diagnoses and (b)
the performance results of sphygmomanometers that are used
for controlling blood pressure in hospital environments.
This paper is part of a more encompassing initiative
towards the improvement of laboratory quality in the
Brazilian public health care sector and has been developed
as a joint effort with the National Agency of Sanitary
Vigilance (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária -
ANVISA).
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Comunicação Segura e Confiável para Sistemas Multiagentes Adaptando Especificações XML / Safe and Trustworthy communication for Multi-agent Systems evolving Specifications XMLOLIVEIRA, Emerson José Santos 01 December 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 / Multi-agent systems are evolving to enterprise applications and they are more
used in open environments, such as the Internet. Many issues should be considered
with this evolution, like security and reliability of communication. In this work, we
propose a solution for secure communication and a solution for a reliable communication;
both solutions are for multi-agent systems. These solutions adapt XML technologies and
consist of several XML Specifications and RDF standard. For secure communication, we
adapt the XML-DSig specification to provide integrity and digital signature; the XMLEnc
specification is used to provide confidentiality through encryption, and the XKMS
specification is used to provide PKI support. For reliable communication, we adapt the
WS-RM specification that guarantees the message delivery. The RDF standard enables
agents for exchanging messages using XML syntax. In this work, the tests with prototypes
of the proposed solutions and comparisons with other solutions are also presented. / Sistemas multiagentes estão evoluindo em aplicações corporativas e estão sendo
utilizados cada vez mais em ambientes abertos, como a Internet. Vários tópicos devem
ser observados nesta evolução, como a segurança e a confiança na entrega das mensagens.
Neste trabalho, nós propomos um modelo de comunicação segura e um modelo de entrega
de mensagens confiável. Os dois modelos têm tecnologias XML adaptadas, que consistem
em várias especificações XML (Extensible Markup Language) e no padrão RDF (Resource
Description Framework). Para a segurança, várias especificações foram adaptadas: a
especificação XML Signature, que fornece integridade através de assinatura digital; a
XML Encryption, que fornece confidenciabilidade através de criptografia; e a XKMS
(XML Key management Specification) que fornece suporte ao esquema PKI (Public Key
Infrastructure). Para a parte de confiabilidade de comunicação, a especificação WS-RM
(WS-ReliableMessaging) foi adaptada para garantir a entrega das mensagens. O padrão
RDF foi utilizado para habilitar os agentes a trocarem mensagens usando a sintaxe XML.
Neste trabalho, os testes com os protótipos das soluções propostas e as comparações com
algumas soluções existentes também são apresentados.
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