Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à un concept innovant d'empoisonnement homogène des neutrons par insertion de terres rare (erbium et gadolinium) dans les gaines en alliage de zirconium pour les réacteurs à eau pressurisée. L'étude des équilibres entre phases des alliages erbium-zirconium et gadolinium-zirconium est indispensable comme préalable à la mise en oeuvre industrielle de ce procédé prometteur d'empoisonnement. Ce travail a consisté à déterminer expérimentalement le diagramme de phases du système erbium-zirconium. Nous avons, par le biais de différentes caractérisations, obtenu des données diagrammatiques. Avec celles-ci, nous proposons un nouveau tracé du diagramme de phases. Celui-ci est radicalement différent de celui disponible dans la littérature. Nous avons modélisé le système par l'approche CALPHAD. Nous avons également déterminé les limites de solubilité des solutions solides terminales du système gadolinium-zirconium. Les données obtenues expérimentalement sont en accord avec le tracé expérimental de la littérature et avec le modèle thermodynamique disponible. Afin de prendre en compte l'oxydation des gaines en service, nous nous sommes également intéressés aux systèmes erbium-oxygène-zirconium et gadolinium-oxygène-zirconium. Le premier système a fait l'objet d'une étude expérimentale. Nous avons mis en place un procédé de synthèse par métallurgie des poudres, incluant la synthèse de celles-ci à partir de métaux massifs. La caractérisation des échantillons ternaires nous a permis de proposer deux coupes isothermes (800°C et 1100°C). Pour le système gadolinium-oxygène-zirconium, nous avons prédit les équilibres entre phases à différentes températures à l'aide de calculs effectués à partir d'une base de données que nous avons construite avec les modèles thermodynamiques de la littérature des systèmes oxygène-zirconium, gadolinium-zirconium et sesquioxyde de gadolinium-zircone. Enfin, nous avons travaillé avec des alliages erbium-zirconium fabriqués en milieu industriel. Nous nous sommes intéressés à leurs propriétés mécaniques en traction, en lien avec leur microstructure. Nous avons mis en évidence l'effet durcissant de l'erbium, notamment à 325?°C

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-20T22:37:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 joao_paulo_silva_andrade.pdf: 1322254 bytes, checksum: e88b6cfa0731b701c278dfb675ddd285 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-06-22T13:18:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 joao_paulo_silva_andrade.pdf: 1322254 bytes, checksum: e88b6cfa0731b701c278dfb675ddd285 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-22T13:18:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 joao_paulo_silva_andrade.pdf: 1322254 bytes, checksum: e88b6cfa0731b701c278dfb675ddd285 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Esta disserta??o tem por objetivo compreender como as institui??es escolares da cidade de Montes Claros (MG) representaram um importante instrumento mantenedor do Status Quo do Estado Brasileiro na Primeira Rep?blica (1889-1930). O marco temporal ? o per?odo de 1916 a 1918, e justifica-se pelas fontes utilizadas e que tratam de assuntos referentes ? Escola Normal Norte Mineira e ao Grupo Escolar Gon?alves Chaves. Objetiva-se conceituar e interpretar a hist?ria da educa??o na cidade de Montes Claros, na busca compreender os sujeitos envolvidos nos processos hist?ricos para a constitui??o das sociedades, bem como as suas pr?ticas e adequa??es aos moldes do novo Estado Republicano Brasileiro. Justifica-se a relev?ncia da referida pesquisa devido ao enriquecimento das discuss?es acerca do per?odo trabalhado e das contribui??es para a hist?ria local. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Humanas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This dissertation aims to understand how school institutions of the town of Montes Claros (MG) represented an important instrument maintaining the Status Quo of Brazilian State in First Republic (1889-1930). The time frame is the period from 1916 to 1918, and it is justified by the sources used and approaches matters related to the Escola Normal Norte Mineira and Grupo Escolar Gon?alves Chaves. It aims to conceptualize and interpret History under the bias of Cultural History, which seeks to understand the subjects involved in the historical processes for the constitution of societies, as well as their practices and adjustments to the molds of the new Republican Brazilian State. The relevance of this research is justified due to the enrichment of the discussions about the period worked and the contributions to the local history.

Purpose – The purpose of the study is to investigate how value stream mapping can identify improvement proposals in a process industry's material flow focusing on capacity. To achieve the purpose of the study, three questions have been formulated.  What information is needed to design a value stream mapping applied to material flow capacity in a process industry?  How well is a value stream mapping in a process industry needed?  What improvement proposals in the material flow can be identified by means of value-flow analysis in the process industry?  Method – The study is a deduction study based on existing theories, and then, based on the deductive study, makes suggestions for improvement. The first part of the study has mainly focused on analytically conceptual content that includes literature studies in the field of process industry, SME and value-flow analysis. Then a case study has been conducted using a case company.  Findings – The study results in parameters for a value stream mapping and enhancement proposals based on value stream analysis. The parameters of value stream mapping are based on theories about which dimensions a company should control to be as efficient as possible and reflects then around theories about SMEs. The improvement proposal is based on theories of flow management, including Drum-Buffer-Rope, maintenance significance and key figures for OEE as a basis.  Implications – The decision support guidelines are intended to help process industries that have not had the same development in capacity as their opposite industry, the discrete. To streamline process processes.  Limitations – The decision support guidelines only take account of the capacity of the process and do not take into account any aspects of economics or personnel issues.  Keywords – Process Industry, Value Flow Analysis, SME, Capacity, Drum-Buffer-Rope, Maintenance

L'extension de la durée de vie des centrales nucléaires est considérée comme un défi énergétique mondial. C’est pourquoi il est nécessaire d’analyser les risques et d’étudier les effets de différents facteurs susceptibles de présenter un risque pour une exploitation sûre à long terme. Ces structures, souvent de grandes dimensions, sont soumises au cours de leurs vies à des chargements complexes combinant des sollicitations mécaniques variées, multiaxiales, avec des valeurs moyennes non nulles associées à des fluctuations de température dans un environnement agressif comme celui de circuit primaire de Réacteur à Eau Pressurisée (REP). Dans ce contexte, la présente étude est inscrite dans le cadre de l’identification de l’effet du milieu REP et de l’équibiaxialité du chargement sur la durée de vie en fatigue des aciers inoxydables austénitiques présents dans les tuyauteries primaires d’un Réacteur à Eau Pressurisée.Pour cela, le CEA a développé, en collaboration avec EDF et FRAMATOME, le dispositif expérimental «FABIME2e» destiné à l’étude de la fatigue équibiaxiale dans le milieu REP.Dans un premier temps, une présentation des résultats expérimentaux et numériques obtenus avec le dispositif FABIME2e est réalisée. Ces résultats montrent l’effet aggravant de l’équibiaxialité du chargement et des conditions REP de l’environnement sur la durée de vie en fatigue des aciers inoxydables austénitiques. Cependant cet effet aggravant reste couvert par la courbe de Design définie par les codes de conception de l’industrie nucléaire. Un nouveau critère de fatigue est ensuite proposé pour prédire la durée de vie en fatigue équibiaxiale tout en prenant en compte l’effet d’environnement REP.Ce travail ouvre plusieurs perspectives industrielles et scientifiques sur l'interprétation mécanique des essais de fatigue équibiaxiale dans l’environnement REP et sur le critère de fatigue proposé. / The lifetime extension of the nuclear power plants is considered as a major energy challenge. For this reason, the risk analysis and the study of various effects of different factors that could potentially represent a hazard to a safe long term operation are necessary. These structures, often of large dimensions, are subjected during their life to complex loading combining varying mechanical and multiaxial loads, with non-zero mean values associated with temperature fluctuations and Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) environment.In this context, the present study is part of the identification of the PWR environment effect and the equibiaxiality of the loading on the fatigue life of the austenitic stainless steels present in the primary pipes of a Pressure Water Reactor.For this purpose, the CEA has developed, in partnership with EDF and FRAMATOME, the experimental device «FABIME2e» for studying the equibiaxial fatigue in the PWR environment.First, a presentation of the experimental and numerical results obtained with the FABIME2e device is realized. These results show the aggravating effect of equibiaxial loading and environmental PWR conditions on the fatigue life of austenitic stainless steel. This effect remains covered by the Design curve defined by the design codes of the nuclear industry. Second, a new fatigue criterion is proposed to predict the lifetime in equibiaxial fatigue. This criterion takes into account the effect of the PWR environment.This work opens up several industrial and scientific prospects on the mechanical inter-pretation of equibiaxial fatigue tests in PWR environment and on the proposed fatigue criterion.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá popisem řiditelnosti specifického robotického hada, který se nazývá trident snake robot. Tento robot je řazen mezi neholonomní systémy. Model je převeden do jazyka diferenciální geometrie a řízen pomocí vektorových polí a operace na nich zavedené (Lieova závorka). Je také uvažována aproximace řídicí distribuce. Dále jsou formulovány pohyby hada ve směru vektorových polí a jejich kombinace, které zajišťují základní pohyby v prostoru (rotace a translace). Tyto pohyby jsou na závěr simulovány v prostředí V-REP.

Master’s thesis deals with design the link robot and motion simulation. It is divided into four parts. In first part are briefly explained basic information of industrial robots and manipulators, their design and structure. Further it is listed some examples of design industrial robots and manipulators and principle of computation of kinematic chain. On beginning of the second part is performed analysis of configuration link robots, description of their designs and structures, examples of design link robots and their applications. In third part is selected option of design, created mathematical and kinematic model. Then it is designed and described construction of robot. The last section is devoted to simulation of robot’s kinematics, description of simulation softwares and their use for required results.

4 ABSTRACT (English) This thesis is based on three published research papers studying bacterial REP (repetitive extragenic palindrome) elements. REP elements are one of the best-characterized groups of bacterial DNA repeats, distributed mostly in gammaproteobacteria, including enterobacteria. They are present in noncoding parts of host genomes, usually occurring in hundreds of copies. REPs are typically aggregated in higher order repeats. In the Gram-negative model Escherichia coli, interactions of several proteins important for cell's physiology with REPs were described, indicating significant role for these elements for host cells. The first work (Nunvar et al. 2010) presents the discovery of a protein class, related to IS200/IS605 transposases. These proteins, termed RAYTs (REP-associated tyrosine transposases), contain characteristic motifs in their amino acid sequences, which are absent in canonical IS200/IS605 transposases. Another attribute of RAYTs is the arrangement of their encoding genes. These are single copy genes, always flanked at both termini by at least two REPs in inverted orientation. Based on the similarity between the REP-rayt-REP unit and insertion sequences of the IS200/IS605 family, between RAYTs and tyrosine transposases and between REPs and subterminal sequences of the IS200/IS605...

L'analyse des écoulements au sein des faisceaux d'assemblages constitue un volet important des études des réacteurs à eau pressurisée. Une mauvaise répartition thermique au sein de ces écoulements peut conduire à une crise d'ébullition nuisible à la sûreté du réacteur. De nombreuses études ont montré l'existence de phénomènes de réorganisation de structures aux grandes échelles dans ces écoulements. Cette thèse vise à améliorer notre compréhension de ces phénomènes, l'objectif étant de développer des modélisations aux petits échelles adaptées. Un travail bibliographique a mis en évidence les difficultés rencontrées par les simulations pour reproduire ces phénomènes, ainsi que de nombreux questionnements concernant leur caractère physique. Des simulations 3D ont été réalisées et ont permis d'identifier deux mécanismes de réorganisation pour les structures aux grandes échelles : un changement de signe de la vitesse transverse entre les crayons ou du tourbillon dans un sous-canal. Il est apparu qu'il semblait pertinent d'adopter l'hypothèse de Taylor pour considérer que les grandes structures 3D évoluaient comme un écoulement 2D transporté. Un gros volet de la thèse a concerné la mise en œuvre d'un code basé sur une méthode statistique pour un champ 2D dans le but de déterminer les états thermodynamiquement stables dans des géométries avec obstacles. Des similarités ont été obtenues entre les structures en REP et les états stables en 2D. Des simulations 2D ont permis d'identifier deux bifurcations possibles pour l'écoulement, qui présentent un parallèle avec les mécanismes de réorganisations 3D, et permettent ainsi de poser les bases d'une explication physique du phénomène / The analysis of fuel rod bundle flows constitute a key element of pressurized-water reactors safety studies. Indeed, an insufficient flow thermal mixing can lead to a boiling crisis, which is nefarious for the reactor safety. Numerous studies have shown the existence of reorganisation phenomena in the flow large-scale structures. This thesis work aims at improving our understanding of these phenomena, with the long-term goal of developing small-scales models suited for this type of flow. A bibliographic study has brought to light the challenges faced by simulations attempting to capture these phenomena, as well as various questions regarding their physical meaning. 3D simulations have been performed in order to study this flow ; they allowed to identify two reorganisation mechanisms for the large-scale structures consisting in a sign change for either a transverse velocity in rod-to-rod gaps or for a subchannel vortex. It appeared relevant to adopt a Taylor hypothesis in order to consider the evolution of large-scale 3D structures as transported-2D. A statistical method has then been applied to the 2D field in order to determine its thermodynamically-stable states in geometries with obstacles using the resolution of an optimization problem with a numerical calculation tool. Interesting similarities have been obtained between the PWR coherent structures and the stable states in a simplified 2D geometry. Further, 2D numerical simulations allowed to identify two different possible flow bifurcations. A parallel is drawn between these bifurcations and the two reorganizations observed in 3D simulations, laying the foundations for a physical explanation of this phenomenon

The Information Age is revolutionizing the way we communicate, acquire knowledge, and perform work. Society is shifting from occupations rooted in industrial production to those associated with knowledge and information, requiring the development of new skills for changing occupations and updating old educational methods. Educators need to be aware of economic and social changes and have a vision for how to design career education to respond to those changes. Individuals must also be prepared to learn on their own as careers evolve and change. The training necessary to adapt to the changing career culture needs to be made available to everyone, regardless of social class and background. In order to learn how to help students prepare for life, it is necessary to understand their views on careers. There is a critical and acute need to understand the perceptions of students from disadvantaged backgrounds, such as Upward Bound participants (identified by the U.S. Department of Education as part of the TRIO Program for low-income and first generation college students). This study used Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) to access representations of students' thinking by means of a repertory-test grid methodology. Using the traditional constructivist repertory-test method, a custom designed instrument called the WOAR (Weingarten Occupational Awareness Rep-test) was used by students in a Utah Valley State College Upward Bound group to generate constructs for personally identified occupations. These constructs provided the data for a qualitative content analysis designed to better understand how marginalized students construct careers and the world of work. The resulting analysis reflected the students' perceptions about (a) what their life experiences were, (b) what they had in common with one another, and (c) what they had in common with the rest of the population at large, in terms of career knowledge. The findings showed that the students were influenced by people they knew such as doctors, teachers, church leaders and so on, as indicated by the career choices they identified. They were also affected by their unique experiences such as identifying drug dealing and other illegal means as a way of earning money. The collective responses identified sixteen common career themes among the students.

Français : Partant de la question du renouvellement de la main-d’œuvre québécoise, ce mémoire s’intéresse aux salariés professionnels des organisations syndicales québécoises. Ces dernières se sont dotées d’un important salariat professionnel dont le renouvellement en cours ou à prévoir suppose des défis importants, notamment à propos de la transmission de la culture organisationnelle. Ainsi, ce mémoire portera sur la socialisation des salariés professionnels des organisations syndicales québécoises à partir de quatre études de cas (FTQ, Syndicat des Métallos, CSN et FIQ). Il sera notamment question des pratiques de gestion de personnel de ces organisations liées au transfert de la culture, soit les pratiques de socialisation et de recrutement, de la formalisation de ces pratiques et de leur contrôle. Les résultats permettent de mettre en évidence les rapports entre la structure administrative des organisations syndicales et le modèle de socialisation des salariés professionnels nouvellement embauchés y ayant cours. De plus, bien que la tendance va en s’amplifiant, les pratiques de socialisation, à l’instar des autres pratiques de gestion de personnel en milieu syndical, demeurent peu formalisées. Enfin, les résultats permettent également de constater que le contrôle des dirigeants syndicaux sur la transmission de la culture aux professionnels est relativement faible comparativement à celui des pairs. / English : In the larger question of staff renewal in Québec, it is interesting to tackle more specifically union staff renewal. The union organizations are in the process or will soon be largely hiring new appointed staff, which will be a challenge in terms of organizational culture transmission. This memoir will research into the socialization of the appointed staff of Québec’s unions based on four case studies: the FTQ, Syndicat des Métallos, CSN and FIQ. The question of culture transfers in the personnel management practices of these organizations will be tackled by studying hiring and socialization practices, and the formalization and control of these practices. The results of our studies bring forth a link between administrative structure in the studied unions and the way the newly hired appointed staff are socialized. Even if there is a slight increase in the socialization practices’ formalization, on the whole, like in other practices of personnel management in union organizations, the formalization is minor. Moreover, our studies also show that the union leaders’ hold on culture transmission is minimal compared to the peers’.