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The current application of low persistence pesticides is unreliable for protecting wooden structures from termite attack. These applications may also pose an environmental and public health risk. Consequently, there is a need for the development of alternative systems to protect wooden structures from termites. Investigated here is the interaction between Australian termites, Coptotermes acinaciformis Froggatt, and to a lesser extent, Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt and Schedorhinotermes seclusus Hill, and a barrier system for protection of wooden structures. The aim was to develop an improved barrier for the protection of wooden structures that maximizes protection and minimizes environmental and health risks. Specifically, the performance of a barrier to protect wood against termite attack that incorporates a synthetic pyrethroid into polyurethane formulations is investigated. This research was conducted in parallel with other project contributors focusing on material science aspects of the research goals. A fundamental problem in assessing the value of termite barrier strategies lies in developing and interpreting laboratory assays that can deliver reasonable predictions of performance in the field. This is particularly the case with respect to the behaviour of termites over much longer periods in the field than can be undertaken in the laboratory. The approach to laboratory trials presented here is to define individual termite capabilities and, in combination with behavioural studies, to develop an understanding of factors which affect termite performance. The key experimental approach involved various laboratory based assays to evaluate termite foraging behaviour and performance against a range of barrier materials, progressing to field trials with the best performing material. Various species of termites; M. darwiniensis (Mastotermitidae), Cryptotermes primus (Hill) (Kalotermitidae), C. acinaciformis , Coptotermes frenchi Hill and S. seclusus (Rhinotermitidae), Microcerotermes serratus (Froggatt), Microcerotermes turneri (Froggatt) and Nasutitermes walkeri (Hill) (Termitidae) and Porotermes adamsoni (Froggatt) (Termopsidae); were investigated to determine the force that they can develop at their mandible tips. Larger termites can generate higher pressures on their mandible tips than smaller termites. By quantifying the mandible strength of a termite it was possible to contrast the capabilities of various economic termite species. Damage caused by an individual termite biting on synthetic materials was measured using electron microscope generated three dimensional models of indentations caused to the material. This was successful in quantifying the immediate capabilities of individual termites of different species. Most species were found to inflict a similar amount of damage to high density polyethylene. However M. darwiniensis caused much more damage than other species examined. Micro hardness testing was utilized to determine the relative hardness of pest termite mandibles. Termites were found to have mandibles much harder than any tested synthetic material. It was therefore found to be unrealistic to aim to develop barrier technology based on “harder than termite mandible material”. Trials using groups of termites in the laboratory demonstrated large differences in the performance of termites against various synthetic materials. There was a tendency for harder materials to suffer less damage. Mechanical properties of the barrier alone were found to be insufficient to stop termite damage. The resistance of polyurethane formulations incorporating insecticides to termite attack in the laboratory demonstrated a potential suitability for termite barrier technology. In behaviour trials, persistence of termite attack at the barrier face was found to be due not only to deterrent chemicals, but also to physical characteristics. Softer materials are not only easier for termites to remove but termites attack softer materials with greater tenacity, more termites spend more time attacking softer materials. Laboratory toxicity trials confirmed the bioavailability of Bifenthrin when incorporated within the barrier material and enabled the establishment of expected concentrations for effective protection. Termites were found to require direct contact with the barrier for mortality to occur. Trials designed to quantify repellence of the Bifenthrin in the barrier found that termites did not escape mortality by avoiding contact with the barrier material. As such pure Bifenthrin is shown to protect the barrier material directly by causing mortality rather than by repelling live termites away from the barrier. Field trials were conducted in northern Queensland where colonies of economic termites could be directly targeted. Wooden blocks were coated in polyurethane containing a range of Bifenthrin concentrations and trialed over an eight month period. Combination of the pyrethroid Bifenthrin in a polyurethane barrier at concentrations as low as 0.07% proved successful in preventing damage by the economically important termites M. darwiniensis and C. acinaciformis under high pressure field conditions. Only very small amounts of Bifenthrin migrated into adjacent soil, concentrations reached were in the order of 100 µg/kg of soil. For comparison the MLR for Bifenthrin in bananas for human consumption is 100 µg/kg. Bifenthrin in a polyurethane barrier could be used for the protection of houses and other wooden structures in the same manner as existing barrier film technology in order to minimise environmental and health risks associated with direct pesticide application techniques.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 927098 bytes, checksum: ca6d839df131489e23cfb1c3565608ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Predadores e parasitóides de artrópodes herbívoros utilizam vários odores durante a busca por presas, tal como feromônios sexuais e de agregação de suas vítimas, assim como voláteis de plantas cuja produção é induzida pela herbivoria. Insetos são capazes de detectar uma vasta gama de compostos orgânicos voláteis e as misturas são percebidas diferentemente da compilação dos compostos individuais. Predadores têm que lidar com uma variedade de misturas de voláteis associados as suas presas, pois as misturas de voláteis variam em sua composição dentre as espécies de plantas hospedeiras e de herbívoros. Como predadores generalistas enfrentam uma grande variação nas pistas voláteis associadas à presença de presa e a disponibilidade de presas pode variar durante a vida dos predadores, é improvável que predadores possuam uma resposta inata para todas as misturas de voláteis. Aprender a associar diferentes misturas de odores com a ocorrência de presas pode reduzir o tempo e a energia despendidos na busca por presas adequadas. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a capacidade de aprendizado olfativo de predadores. Foi investigado se a resposta de Podisus nigrispinus, Cycloneda sanguinea e larvas de Ceraeochrysa cubana; a uma mistura de voláteis, inicialmente desconhecida por eles, aumentava após a experiência prévia com essa mistura de voláteis associada à disponibilidade de alimento. O estímulo condicionado (mistura de voláteis) e o estímulo não-condicionado (alimento) foram pareados ou diariamente ou continuamente. A resposta dos predadores aos voláteis do óleo de menta ou do ar limpo foi testada em um olfatômetro de tubo-Y. Ceraeochrysa cubana foi repelido pelos voláteis do óleo de menta quando entrou em contato com essa mistura previamente. No entanto, os odores do óleo de menta não foram nem atrativos nem repelentes para C. cubana, C. sanguinea e P. nigrispinus após treinamentos contínuos. Escolhas sequenciais, com reforços após cada teste, não modificaram a resposta dos predadores. Os resultados sugerem que nenhum dos predadores testados mudou sua resposta a voláteis do óleo de menta após experiência com essa mistura e ovos de Diatraea saccharalis durante os três dias de treinamento seqüencial. Experimentos mais extensos são necessários para concluir se P. nigrispinus, C. sanguinea e C. cubana são capazes de aprender associações. / Predators and parasitoids of herbivorous arthropods use various odours when searching for prey, such as the sex and aggregation pheromones of their victims, as well as the plant volatiles, which production is induced upon herbivory. Insects can detect a wide range of volatile organic compounds, and blends are perceived differently than a compilation of individual compounds. Predators have to deal with a variety of volatile blends associated with their prey since volatile blends vary in their composition among host plant and herbivore species. Because generalist predators face a large variation in volatile cues associated with the presence of prey and prey availability can vary during the lifetime of predators, it is unlike that predators have an innate response to all volatile mixtures. Learning to associate different odour blends with the occurrence of prey could decrease the amount of energy and time spent in searching for a suitable prey. This work aimed to study the olfactory learning ability of predators. I studied whether the response of Ceraeochrysa cubana larvae, Podisus nigrispinus and Cycloneda sanguinea adults to a volatile blend with which they were unfamiliar increased after previous experience in which this blend was associated with food availability.The conditioned stimulus (volatile blends) and unconditioned stimulus (food) were paired either daily or continuously. The response of predators to volatiles of mint oil or clean air was tested using an Y-tube olfactometer. Ceraeochrysa cubana were repelled by mint oil volatiles after previous experience with this blend. However, mint oil odours were nor attractive neither repellent for C. cubana, C. sanguinea and P. nigrispinus after continuous experience. Sequential choices, with reinforcements after each test, did not change the response of the predators. My results suggest that none of these predators change their response to mint oil volatiles after experience with this blend and Diatraea saccharalis eggs within three days of sequential training. More extensive experiments are needed to conclude if P. nigrispinus, C. sanguinea and C. cubana are capable of associative learning.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Plumeria rubra L. à uma planta laticÃfera pertencente à famÃlia Apocynaceae popularmente conhecida como Jasmim. Por apresentar flores vistosas e perfumadas, essa Ãrvore à comumente vista ornamentando praÃas e jardins residenciais dos grandes centros urbanos. Plantas laticÃferas sÃo assim denominadas por que produzem endogenamente um fluido de aspecto geralmente leitoso - o lÃtex - que à exsudado da planta quando esta sofre algum tipo de ferimento, seja por dano mecÃnico ou por ataque de predadores. O lÃtex à um material vegetal que tem sido alvo de estudos bioquÃmicos e farmacolÃgicos que mostram ser ele uma fonte promissora de compostos com potencial aplicaÃÃo biotecnolÃgica. No presente trabalho o lÃtex de P. rubra foi alvo de investigaÃÃes bioquÃmicas e biolÃgicas com Ãnfase na pesquisa de proteÃnas que pudessem apresentar alguma aÃÃo deletÃria contra insetos pragas agrÃcolas. Procedimentos laboratoriais que empregam centrifugaÃÃes e diÃlises permitiram o fracionamento do lÃtex em trÃs componentes distintos: borracha (BL), proteÃnas (PLPr) e molÃculas de baixa massa molecular (DL). A fraÃÃo PLPr foi alvo de caracterizaÃÃo bioquÃmica e enzimÃtica e foi utilizada em bioensaios com o caruncho do feijÃo-de-corda, Callosobruchus maculatus e com a mosca-das-frutas, Ceratitis capitata. O lÃtex Ãntegro e suas fraÃÃes foram utilizados em ensaios de repelÃncia da ovoposiÃÃo de C. maculatus e Zabrotes subfasciatus. A fraÃÃo BL à o componente majoritÃrio do lÃtex, 70 %, enquanto as fraÃÃes PLPr e DL constituem cerca de 15 % cada uma. O teor de proteÃnas solÃveis na fraÃÃo PLPr foi de 0,33 mg/mL. AnÃlises eletroforÃtica e espectromÃtricas revelaram a presenÃa de proteÃnas com massas moleculares que variaram de 12 a 117 kDa, com um mÃximo de proteÃnas com 26 kDa e pI<6,0. A caracterizaÃÃo enzimÃtica mostrou que as enzimas antioxidantes superÃxido dismutase e peroxidase foram detectadas na fraÃÃo protÃica, assim como, uma atividade quitinÃsica. As proteÃnas do lÃtex foram capazes de degradar azocaseÃna (substrato inespecÃfico) e BANA (substrato especÃfico para proteases cisteÃnicas). As enzimas proteolÃticas detectadas foram principalmente do tipo cisteÃnica, e em menor proporÃÃo, serÃnica. O pH e a temperatura Ãtimos para esta atividade foram 6,0 e 37 ÂC, respectivamente, onde valores de temperatura superiores anulam a atividade. Utilizando experimentos de dieta artificial pÃde-se observar que a fraÃÃo protÃica do lÃtex a 0,4 % foi capaz de diminuir em 50 % a sobrevivÃncia, e a 0,1 %, diminuir 50 % do ganho de massa das larvas de C. maculatus. Quando essas proteÃnas foram desnaturadas por aquecimento o desenvolvimento larval foi igual ao controle, sugerindo que a manutenÃÃo da estrutura protÃica à essencial para o efeito observado. As proteÃnas do lÃtex nÃo foram digeridas pelas proteases endÃgenas do trato digestÃrio das larvas, sugerindo que as mesmas ficariam livres para causar o efeito deletÃrio. Nenhum efeito no desenvolvimento das larvas de C. capitata foi observado quando as proteÃnas foram adicionadas à dieta, mesmo na concentraÃÃo de 4 %. O lÃtex Ãntegro, quando adsorvido em sementes de feijÃo, apresentou atividade inibitÃria do tipo repelente sobre a ovoposiÃÃo de ambos os bruquÃdeos testados, sendo mais evidente em Z. subfasciatus. A aÃÃo repelente observada foi dose e tempo dependente. O lÃtex nÃo foi capaz de afetar a viabilidade dos ovos e nem o desenvolvimento larval. As fraÃÃes PLPr e DL nÃo apresentaram atividade repelente, mostrando que nem proteÃnas nem molÃculas de baixa massa molecular estÃo envolvidas nessa aÃÃo. Os insetos, quando expostos diretamente ao lÃtex por longo perÃodo de tempo nÃo tiveram sua fecundidade nem ovoposiÃÃo afetados, sugerindo que o efeito observado nÃo altera a fisiologia do animal / Plumeria rubra L. is a laticÃfera plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae popularly known as Jasmim. For spicy and fragrant flowers make this tree is commonly seen ornate squares and gardens of residential urban centers. LaticÃfer plants are well known for producing a fluid endogenously generally milky in appearance - latex - that exudates from the plant when it undergoes some type of injury, either by mechanical damage or attack by predators. Latex is a material that has been the subject of biochemical and pharmacological studies show that it is a promising source of compounds with potential biotechnological application. In this study the latex of P. rubra was the subject of biochemical and biological research with emphasis on the search for proteins that could make any deleterious action against agricultural insect pests. Laboratory procedures that employ centrifugation and dialysis allowed the fractionation of latex into three distinct components: rubber (BL), proteins (PLPr) and low molecular weight molecules (DL). The PLPr fraction was subject to biochemical and enzymatic characterization and was used in bioassays with the bean weevil-of-rope, Callosobruchus maculatus and the fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. The full latex and its fractions were used in testing the repellency of oviposition of C. maculatus and Zabrotes subfasciatus. The BL fraction is the major component of latex, 70 %, while PLPr and DL fractions are about 15 % each one. The content of soluble protein in PLPr fraction was 0.33 mg / mL. Espectrometric and electrophoretic analysis revealed the presence of proteins with molecular weights ranging from 12 to 117 kDa, with a maximum of protein with 26 kDa and pI <6.0. The characterization showed that the enzyme antioxidativas enzymes superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were detected in the protein fraction, as well as activity chitinases. Proteins of latex were able to degrade azocasein (nonspecific substrate) and BANA (specific substrate for cysteine proteases). The proteolytic enzymes were detected mainly of type cysteine and to a lesser extent, serine proteases. The pH and temperature optimum for this activity was 6.0 and 37 ÂC respectively, where higher values of temperature cancel the activity. Through experiments with artificial diet can be observed that the protein fraction of latex in 0.4 % was able to reduce by 50 % the survival and, in 0.1 %, reduce the by 50 % the weight gain of larvae of C. maculatus. When these proteins were denatured by heating the larval development was similar to the control, suggesting that the maintenance of protein structure is essential for the observed effect. Proteins of latex were not digested by endogenous proteases of the digestive tract of larvae, suggesting that they would be free to cause deleterious effects. No effect on the development of the larvae of C. capitata was observed when the proteins were added to the diet, even at a concentration of 4 %. Whole latex when adsorbed in bean seeds, showed repellent activity on oviposition of both bruchid, being more evident in Z. subfasciatus. The repellent activity was observed time and dose dependent. The latex was unable to affect the viability of eggs or larval development. The PLPr and DL fractions showed no repellent activity, showing that neither protein nor molecules with low molecular weight are involved in this action. The insects, when exposed directly to the latex for a long period of time had not affected their fecundity or oviposition.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura populacional, estimar parâmetros (coeficientes de herdabilidade e correlações) e determinar as tendências genéticas e fenotípicas de características de crescimento e adaptação em bovinos da raça Nelore, linhagem Lemgruber. O banco de dados utilizado nas análises constituiu-se de 39.290 animais no arquivo de pedigree e de 24.353 animais no arquivo de produção. Os parâmetros populacionais foram obtidos por meio dos softwares POPREP (GROENEVELD et al., 2009) e ENDOG v 3.2 (GUTIÉRREZ e GOYACHE, 2005). As estatísticas descritivas e os parâmetros genéticos para cada característica estudada foram estimadas por meio de quatro análises hepta-característica utilizando o programa VCE-6 (KOVAC & GROENEVELD, 2003) sob modelo animal completo. As tendências genéticas e fenotípicas foram obtidas pela regressão dos valores genéticos e fenotípicos respectivamente sobre o ano de nascimento dos animais e os coeficientes da regressão foram estimados por meio do método de quadrados mínimos. Apesar da endogamia média do rebanho ser considerada moderada verificou-se alta porcentagem de indivíduos endogâmicos e reduzido tamanho efetivo populacional. Além disso, o incremento contínuo de endogamia ao longo dos anos demonstra a necessidade de intervenção na seleção dos indivíduos para reprodução, de modo que, problemas futuros possam ser evitados. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade direta foram estimados em 0,24, 0,31, 0,31, 0,21, 0,19, 0,30, 0,41, 0,19 e 0,17 respectivamente para peso ao nascimento (PN), peso aos 120 dias de idade (P120), peso à desmama (PD), peso ao ano (PES12), ganho de peso pós desmama, de 205 aos 550 dias (GP345), ganho de peso na prova à pasto da ABCZ, em 224 dias (GP224), perímetro escrotal (PE), temperamento (TEMP), e repelência (REP) e indicam que a variabilidade genética aditiva existente é suficiente para a obtenção do ganho genético em resposta à seleção desde que sejam realizados ajustes, tanto nas estratégias de seleção adotadas para a obtenção de maiores ganhos nos valores genéticos, como também nos fatores ambientais que possam possibilitar ao máximo, a expressão do potencial genético dos animais. / The present study had as objective to evaluate the population structure, to estimate parameters (coefficients of heritability and correlation) and to determine the phenotypic and genetic trends for growth and adaptability traits in Nellore cattle, Lemgruber line. The database used in the analysis consisted of 39,290 animals in the pedigree and 24,353 animals in the production file. The population parameters were obtained from the software POPREP (Groeneveld et al., 2009) and ENDOG v 3.2 (Gutierrez and GOYACHE, 2005). The descriptive statistics and genetic parameters for each characteristic studied were estimated by four seven-traits analysis using the program VCE-6 (Kovac & GROENEVELD, 2003) which uses the animal model. The phenotypic and genetic trends were obtained by means of phenotypic and genetic values respectively on the year of birth of the animals and the regression coefficients were estimated by the method of least squares. Although the average inbreeding of the herd being considered moderate, there was high percentage of inbred individuals and small effective population size. Furthermore, the continuous increase in inbreeding over the years demonstrates the need for intervention in the selection of individuals for reproduction, so that future problems can be avoided. Direct heritability coefficients were estimated as 0.24, 0.31, 0.31, 0.21, 0.19, 0.30, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.17 respectively for birth weight (PN), weight 120 days of age (P120), weaning weight (PD), weight at 12 months of age (PES12), weight gain after weaning from 205 to 550 days (GP345), weight gain during the pasture test of ABCZ in 224 days (GP224), scrotal circumference (PE), docility (TEMP) and repellency (REP) and indicate that the additive genetic variability is sufficient to obtain genetic gain in response to selection as far as adjustments in selection strategies are adopted to achieve larger gains in breeding values, and environmental factors that may allow the expression of the genetic potential of the animals.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura populacional, estimar parâmetros (coeficientes de herdabilidade e correlações) e determinar as tendências genéticas e fenotípicas de características de crescimento e adaptação em bovinos da raça Nelore, linhagem Lemgruber. O banco de dados utilizado nas análises constituiu-se de 39.290 animais no arquivo de pedigree e de 24.353 animais no arquivo de produção. Os parâmetros populacionais foram obtidos por meio dos softwares POPREP (GROENEVELD et al., 2009) e ENDOG v 3.2 (GUTIÉRREZ e GOYACHE, 2005). As estatísticas descritivas e os parâmetros genéticos para cada característica estudada foram estimadas por meio de quatro análises hepta-característica utilizando o programa VCE-6 (KOVAC & GROENEVELD, 2003) sob modelo animal completo. As tendências genéticas e fenotípicas foram obtidas pela regressão dos valores genéticos e fenotípicos respectivamente sobre o ano de nascimento dos animais e os coeficientes da regressão foram estimados por meio do método de quadrados mínimos. Apesar da endogamia média do rebanho ser considerada moderada verificou-se alta porcentagem de indivíduos endogâmicos e reduzido tamanho efetivo populacional. Além disso, o incremento contínuo de endogamia ao longo dos anos demonstra a necessidade de intervenção na seleção dos indivíduos para reprodução, de modo que, problemas futuros possam ser evitados. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade direta foram estimados em 0,24, 0,31, 0,31, 0,21, 0,19, 0,30, 0,41, 0,19 e 0,17 respectivamente para peso ao nascimento (PN), peso aos 120 dias de idade (P120), peso à desmama (PD), peso ao ano (PES12), ganho de peso pós desmama, de 205 aos 550 dias (GP345), ganho de peso na prova à pasto da ABCZ, em 224 dias (GP224), perímetro escrotal (PE), temperamento (TEMP), e repelência (REP) e indicam que a variabilidade genética aditiva existente é suficiente para a obtenção do ganho genético em resposta à seleção desde que sejam realizados ajustes, tanto nas estratégias de seleção adotadas para a obtenção de maiores ganhos nos valores genéticos, como também nos fatores ambientais que possam possibilitar ao máximo, a expressão do potencial genético dos animais. / The present study had as objective to evaluate the population structure, to estimate parameters (coefficients of heritability and correlation) and to determine the phenotypic and genetic trends for growth and adaptability traits in Nellore cattle, Lemgruber line. The database used in the analysis consisted of 39,290 animals in the pedigree and 24,353 animals in the production file. The population parameters were obtained from the software POPREP (Groeneveld et al., 2009) and ENDOG v 3.2 (Gutierrez and GOYACHE, 2005). The descriptive statistics and genetic parameters for each characteristic studied were estimated by four seven-traits analysis using the program VCE-6 (Kovac & GROENEVELD, 2003) which uses the animal model. The phenotypic and genetic trends were obtained by means of phenotypic and genetic values respectively on the year of birth of the animals and the regression coefficients were estimated by the method of least squares. Although the average inbreeding of the herd being considered moderate, there was high percentage of inbred individuals and small effective population size. Furthermore, the continuous increase in inbreeding over the years demonstrates the need for intervention in the selection of individuals for reproduction, so that future problems can be avoided. Direct heritability coefficients were estimated as 0.24, 0.31, 0.31, 0.21, 0.19, 0.30, 0.41, 0.19 and 0.17 respectively for birth weight (PN), weight 120 days of age (P120), weaning weight (PD), weight at 12 months of age (PES12), weight gain after weaning from 205 to 550 days (GP345), weight gain during the pasture test of ABCZ in 224 days (GP224), scrotal circumference (PE), docility (TEMP) and repellency (REP) and indicate that the additive genetic variability is sufficient to obtain genetic gain in response to selection as far as adjustments in selection strategies are adopted to achieve larger gains in breeding values, and environmental factors that may allow the expression of the genetic potential of the animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV11MA079.pdf: 5231859 bytes, checksum: 79fcba66d0dc2d2025210554d6e558da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25 / Feijoa (Acca sellowiana) belongs to the family Myrtaceae, is a native specie with wide dispersion in the meridional plateaus of the south of Brazil. Besides being a native specie and producing fruits with differentiated odor and taste, the cultivation for its comercial exploration is incentivized by the Department of Biodiversity Conservation of Ministry of Environment. In the highlands of Santa Catarina the feijoa is cultivated above the organic system, conventional or its fruits are collected from natural stands. The occurrence of feijoa weevil and the South American fruit fly has hindered its growth in commercial scale. The objective of this research was to characterize the phenological phases of the susceptible fruits to attack of feijoa weevil (Conotrachelus psidii), determining the levels of incidence and severity of attacks and evaluate the effect of andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis) on the capture of the South American fruit fly. The experiment to evaluation of fruit susceptibility to the weevil attack was carried out from November 2009 to March 2010. Every week 30 fruits per plant were randomly selected and measured its diameter, presence of damage (incidence) and the number of lesions (severity). To evaluate the effect of andiroba oil on the capture of A. fraterculus were installed McPhail traps on a outside branch of plants of an orchard conducted in a monoculture system, at a height of 1.5 to 1.6 m from soil surface. Were installed only traps with hydrolyzed protein 5 % and hydrolyzed protein + andiroba oil at 0,5 %, 1 % and 2 %. The collect of the captured material and the exchange of the food bait occurred weekly. In the laboratory the collected insects were separated and attached with entomologic pins or alcohol 70 % and indentified. In the regions where the presence of the weevil is frequent, the control and intervention must start soon after the fruit drop and early fruit set. By reducing the capture of fruit flies at 1 or 2 % of andiroba oil, new experiments should be conducted to test the repellent effect of oil on A. fraterculus when applied to plants or fruits. Doses of andiroba oil at 1 and 2 % mixed with hydrolyzed protein reduced the catch potential of A. fraterculus / A goiabeira-serrana (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret) pertencente a família Myrtaceae, é uma espécie nativa com ampla dispersão nos planaltos meridionais do sul do Brasil. Além de espécie nativa e produzir frutos de odor e sabor diferenciado, razão pela qual seu cultivo comercial é incentivado pelo Departamento de Conservação da Biodiversidade do Ministério do Meio Ambiente. A goiabeira serrana tem sido cultivada sob os sistemas orgânico, convencional, ou ainda, os frutos coletados diretamente de povoamentos naturais. A ocorrência do gorgulho e da mosca-das-frutas tem dificultado seu cultivo em escala comercial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de caracterizar as fases fenológicas dos frutos suscetíveis ao ataque do gorgulho da goiaba (Conotrachelus psidii.), determinando os níveis de incidência e severidade do ataque e avaliar o efeito do óleo de andiroba (Carapa guianensis) na captura de mosca-das-frutas (Anastrepha fraterculus). A suscetibilidade dos frutos ao gorgulho foi estudada em experimento no período de novembro de 2009 a março de 2010. Semanalmente foram selecionados 30 frutos por planta onde era mensurado o diâmetro, a presença de dano (incidência) e o número de lesões (severidade). Para avaliar o efeito do óleo de andiroba na captura de A. fraterculus foram instaladas armadilhas do tipo Mcphail em galhos externos da planta, a uma altura de 1,50 a 1,60 m da superfície do solo, em pomar conduzido em sistema de monocultivo. Foram instaladas armadilhas somente com proteína hidrolisada a 5% (testemunha) e com proteína hidrolisada + óleo de andiroba, nas concentrações de 0,5%, 1,0% e 2,0%. Semanalmente ocorreu a coleta do material capturado e a troca do atrativo. No laboratório os insetos coletados foram separados, afixados com alfinetes entomológicos ou álcool 70% e identificados. Em regiões onde a presença do gorgulho é frequente, deve-se iniciar o controle e a intervenção logo após a queda natural de frutos e início da frutificação efetiva. Para o controle de moscas-das-frutas, devido a significativa redução de captura pelos tratamentos contendo 1 e 2% de óleo de andiroba, novos experimentos devem ser conduzidos para testar o efeito repelente deste óleo sobre A. fraterculus, quando aplicado nas plantas ou frutos. As doses do óleo de andiroba 1 e 2% misturadas a proteína hidrolisada reduziram o potencial de captura de A. fraterculus

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV11MA079.pdf: 49790 bytes, checksum: 94811d8cede430cdc441912bd12f2feb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25 / Feijoa (Acca sellowiana) belongs to the family Myrtaceae, is a native specie with wide dispersion in the meridional plateaus of the south of Brazil. Besides being a native specie and producing fruits with differentiated odor and taste, the cultivation for its comercial exploration is incentivized by the Department of Biodiversity Conservation of Ministry of Environment. In the highlands of Santa Catarina the feijoa is cultivated above the organic system, conventional or its fruits are collected from natural stands. The occurrence of feijoa weevil and the South American fruit fly has hindered its growth in commercial scale. The objective of this research was to characterize the phenological phases of the susceptible fruits to attack of feijoa weevil (Conotrachelus psidii), determining the levels of incidence and severity of attacks and evaluate the effect of andiroba oil (Carapa guianensis) on the capture of the South American fruit fly. The experiment to evaluation of fruit susceptibility to the weevil attack was carried out from November 2009 to March 2010. Every week 30 fruits per plant were randomly selected and measured its diameter, presence of damage (incidence) and the number of lesions (severity). To evaluate the effect of andiroba oil on the capture of A. fraterculus were installed McPhail traps on a outside branch of plants of an orchard conducted in a monoculture system, at a height of 1.5 to 1.6 m from soil surface. Were installed only traps with hydrolyzed protein 5 % and hydrolyzed protein + andiroba oil at 0,5 %, 1 % and 2 %. The collect of the captured material and the exchange of the food bait occurred weekly. In the laboratory the collected insects were separated and attached with entomologic pins or alcohol 70 % and indentified. In the regions where the presence of the weevil is frequent, the control and intervention must start soon after the fruit drop and early fruit set. By reducing the capture of fruit flies at 1 or 2 % of andiroba oil, new experiments should be conducted to test the repellent effect of oil on A. fraterculus when applied to plants or fruits. Doses of andiroba oil at 1 and 2 % mixed with hydrolyzed protein reduced the catch potential of A. fraterculus / A goiabeira-serrana (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret) pertencente a família Myrtaceae, é uma espécie nativa com ampla dispersão nos planaltos meridionais do sul do Brasil. Além de espécie nativa e produzir frutos de odor e sabor diferenciado, razão pela qual seu cultivo comercial é incentivado pelo Departamento de Conservação da Biodiversidade do Ministério do Meio Ambiente. A goiabeira serrana tem sido cultivada sob os sistemas orgânico, convencional, ou ainda, os frutos coletados diretamente de povoamentos naturais. A ocorrência do gorgulho e da mosca-das-frutas tem dificultado seu cultivo em escala comercial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de caracterizar as fases fenológicas dos frutos suscetíveis ao ataque do gorgulho da goiaba (Conotrachelus psidii.), determinando os níveis de incidência e severidade do ataque e avaliar o efeito do óleo de andiroba (Carapa guianensis) na captura de mosca-das-frutas (Anastrepha fraterculus). A suscetibilidade dos frutos ao gorgulho foi estudada em experimento no período de novembro de 2009 a março de 2010. Semanalmente foram selecionados 30 frutos por planta onde era mensurado o diâmetro, a presença de dano (incidência) e o número de lesões (severidade). Para avaliar o efeito do óleo de andiroba na captura de A. fraterculus foram instaladas armadilhas do tipo Mcphail em galhos externos da planta, a uma altura de 1,50 a 1,60 m da superfície do solo, em pomar conduzido em sistema de monocultivo. Foram instaladas armadilhas somente com proteína hidrolisada a 5% (testemunha) e com proteína hidrolisada + óleo de andiroba, nas concentrações de 0,5%, 1,0% e 2,0%. Semanalmente ocorreu a coleta do material capturado e a troca do atrativo. No laboratório os insetos coletados foram separados, afixados com alfinetes entomológicos ou álcool 70% e identificados. Em regiões onde a presença do gorgulho é frequente, deve-se iniciar o controle e a intervenção logo após a queda natural de frutos e início da frutificação efetiva. Para o controle de moscas-das-frutas, devido a significativa redução de captura pelos tratamentos contendo 1 e 2% de óleo de andiroba, novos experimentos devem ser conduzidos para testar o efeito repelente deste óleo sobre A. fraterculus, quando aplicado nas plantas ou frutos. As doses do óleo de andiroba 1 e 2% misturadas a proteína hidrolisada reduziram o potencial de captura de A. fraterculus