1 Abstract The thesis whose subject is Comparation of legislation of National Parks in the Czech Republic and the Republic of South Africa deals In detail with the legislation of national parks, especially in comparison of the Czech legal system and the legal system of South Africa, but also with the international law and European Union law. The aim is mainly to analyze in detail the individual instruments and institutions that govern the environmental law in relation to national parks and to acquaint the readers with scope of nature conversation in Europe and Africa. The thesis also serves and explains the basic terms related to the territorial regulation of national parks and protected areas (prior to national parks) on both continents. National parks are the most important type of protected area; they are declare by the state and in the scope of nature conversation national parks are the most crucial mean of conversation. The regulation of national parks is embodied in the laws of individual states; in the Czech Republic it is the Act on the protection of nature and landscape of 1992 while in South Africa it is the Protected Areas Act of 2003. In general, however, the national legislation is very influenced by international treaties and by the international organizations whose influence is still growing....

This document is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree: Master of Architecture [Professional] at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, in the year 2015 / As a former colonial city, Kinshasa today has developed into a giant metropolis where grand visions, failed realisations and adaptation based on survival seems to succeed and sometimes overlay each other in a complex and heterogeneous urban fabric. Where the colonial planning attempted to create clear zones of separation between the white city and the indigenous suburbs, the post-colonial politics of urbanization have taken a different shift. The spectral ambitions of the leaders on one side and the random occupation of space by city dwellers on the other have resulted in a struggle of power to define and re-appropriate public space in an attempt to create the proper city. Situated on Avenue Bar. Jacques, in an area where the physical and mental tensions that marks the edge of la Ville and la Cité are still perceptible, I propose a performance hub for the everyday. Here staged events just like the spontaneous, and sometimes theatrical, appropriation of space by daily activities will constitute performances. By creating a new synergy between conventionally opposed notions such as formal and informal, old and new, and staged and ambient, this project is an exploration of a model of space-making that breaks away from the authoritarian approach that has punctuated (continues to do so) the shaping of the urban landscape of Kinshasa. Informants for the design derive from patterns and elements that characterize the resilient ways in which the city’s life recreates itself on a daily basis. The urban framework proposes to bridge the Central Market and the City Centre in a soft, egalitarian way where the transformation in the urban character across this area is no longer so harsh. Through themes such as temporality, hybridity and adaptability, this project attempts to form an argument to what Kinshasa’s architecture should lend itself to by blurring the distinction between what is still considered centre and periphery. / EM2017

Thesis ( Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Science, 2001.

1 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to explore the institute of administrative judiciary in the Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland using the comparative method. Its purpose lies in proving traditional similarity of administrative judiciary in both countries which potentially allows mutual influencing in different areas of legislation, application of law and jurisprudence. The work is divided into nine parts. In Chapter 1 of this thesis the author focuses on defining the concept of administrative judiciary, how it is comprehended in both analysed countries, its purpose and function. In this part administrative judiciary is distinguished from other forms of judicial reviews of public administration and it is outlined here which of these forms cannot be considered as a part of administrative judiciary. Administrative judiciary is formally characterized as judicial procedure (in technical meaning) whose purpose lies in the control over public administration and protection of civil rights. In Chapter 2 the author describes the development of administrative judiciary in both countries. A special significance in this matter is given to the Austrian tradition of administrative judiciary that was adapted by Czechoslovakia and Poland when both sovereign states came into existence on the territory of the...

O presente trabalho parte da passagem entre a Primeira República brasileira e a democracia de 1945-1964, notadamente, para o surgimento de eleições competitivas e fim das eleições de caráter governista como resultado majoritário entre as disputas eleitorais. Para tanto, a pesquisa parte de uma problematização teórica sobre os requisitos tradicionais para um regime ser considerado democrático, discussão que permeia todas as etapas do trabalho. No campo empírico, partimos de dados em sua maioria inéditos para, além de colocar a diferença entre os dois períodos em termos de padrões de competição, atestar para a continuidade desse fenômeno nas eleições subsequentes. Em seguida, analisamos as eleições de 1947 e mostramos evidências que contribuem para o entendimento do comportamento eleitoral à época, quais sejam, de que o eleitor da democracia nascente não se encontrava livre para a disputa pelo convencimento, ou seja, o quadro era de controle do voto a nível individual gerando incerteza ao nível agregado e, assim, competição. / The present work starts from the passage between the First Brazilian Republic and the democracy of 1945-1964, notably for the emergence of competitive elections and the end of the gubernatorial elections as a major result among the electoral disputes. For this, the research starts from a theoretical problematization about the traditional requirements for a regime to be considered democratic, a discussion that permeates all stages of the work. In the empirical field, we start with data that are mostly unpublished, in order to establish the difference between the two periods in terms of patterns of competition, to attest to the continuity of this phenomenon in subsequent elections. Next, we analyze the 1947 elections and show evidence that contributes to the understanding of electoral behavior at the time, namely, that the voter of the nascent democracy was not \'free\' for the contest for the conviction, that is, the picture was of voting control at the individual level generating uncertainty at the aggregate level and, thus, competition.

Thesis advisor: Rebecca Nedostup / Seeing as how the leadership of both the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China have claimed a sense of inheritance and legitimacy from the political philosophy of Sun Yat-sen, it seems a paradox how different the political situations are in their respective domains. It is the intent of this thesis to discern how prioritizing different elements of Sun Yat-sen's political theory resulted in divergent decisions made by the leaders of the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party, which in turn help explain conditions found in the Republic of China on Taiwan and the People's Republic of China. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: History Honors Program. / Discipline: History.

Depuis soixante ans la Corée est un pays divisé entre deux Etats, la République populaire démocratique de Corée au nord et la République de Corée au sud. On trouve des traces de la civilisation coréenne dès la préhistoire dans la péninsule. La nation coréenne va par la suite se développer progressivement pour aboutir à l'unité. C'est en 1910 que la Corée est annexée par le Japon jusqu'en 1945 date à laquelle elle sera libérée par les troupes soviétiques au nord du 38ème parallèle et par les troupes américaines au sud. Cette ligne de démarcation provisoire deviendra définitive suite à la création de deux gouvernements différents et à l'occupation du Sud par les troupes américaines. La guerre de Corée de 1950 à 1953 aggravera le sentiment que chaque Etat est bien distinct l'un de l'autre, laissant un antagonisme perdurer jusqu'à maintenant aboutissant à des accrochages politiques et militaires récurrents. Face à cette division imposée de l'extérieur, les deux Etats coréens se sont rapprochés pour coopérer dans certains domaines. La réunification semble être compromise depuis que le gouvernement conservateur au Sud est de retour, n'acceptant pas une réunification dans le cadre d'une confédération, système proposé par le Nord, le Sud préférant une réunification par absorption. Le problème de la réunification dépasse largement les frontières de la péninsule. Il concerne en premier lieu la Chine et les Etats-Unis. Le Japon est également concerné. L'Europe est absente du débat. La Fédération de Russie semble être le seul Etat puissant à ne pas trouver d'inconvénient à la réunification de la péninsule coréenne. / For already sixty years, Korea has been divided into two states, the Popular Democratic Republic of Korea in the North and the Republic of Korea in the South. The Korean civilisation exists in the korean peninsula since the era of the prehistory. The Korean nation will develop itself progressively and will be unified before its annexion by Japan from 1910 until 1945. Afterwards Korea will be free from Japan thanks to the armed intervention of the soviet troups above the 38th parallel and of the american troups below. This temporary demarcation line will become definitive after the creation of two governments and the occupation of the South by the american army. The Korean war from 1950 until 1953 will make the situation worse leaving side by side two governments leading to recurrent political and military conflicts. Because of this division imposed from the outside, the two Korean states came closer to each other to cooperate in certain fields. However the korean reunification seems to be compromised since the conservative government in the South came into power and refused the korean peninsula to be reunified using the system of confederation, the Republic of Korea prefering absorbing the North. The problem of the reunification overtake the borders of the peninsula. It concerns above all China and the United States. Japan is also concerned. Europe is missing from the debates. The Federation of Russia seems to be the only big power having no objection to the reunification of the korean peninsula and ready to help Korea to accomplish this goal.

The aim of this thesis is to identify significant weaknesses of political party funding system in the Czech Republic, and to suggest possible improvements of the system. Knowledge acquired in the first part of the thesis, which deals with the theoretical basis of political party funding, is used to analyse the applicable legislation. This part of the thesis first of all describes the legal framework of political parties, the principles and goals of political party funding, and possible approaches to the funding; the most space is devoted to one of the possible approaches, regulatory measures, which is divided on the basis of supply side (state a private funding) and demand side (mainly campaign spending regulation). The Czech legislation is not only analysed in general and using the theoretical basis, but is also compared with the system adopted by the Federal Republic of Germany. The hypothesis is that the German law is a good example for the Czech Republic in the field of party financing, for the Federal Republic of Germany has been a developed democratic state of law for a longer uninterrupted period of time, and was one of the first countries in the world to introduce state funding of political parties. The second part of the thesis describes, analyses and compares the applicable legislation of the...

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