Os Laboratórios de Investigação Médica (LIM) do HCFMUSP foram criados com a publicação do Decreto n. 9.720, de 20 de abril de 1977, que oficializou o Regulamento do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP (HCFMUSP). Por esse instrumento, os LIM se apresentam como uma das unidades do HCFMUSP, ao qual se vinculam administrativamente. Pelo mesmo instrumento, vinculam-se academicamente à Faculdade de Medicina da USP (FMUSP). Esse conjunto de laboratórios desenvolve pesquisa básica e aplicada nos diversos campos das ciências da saúde, além de métodos diagnósticos. Até a implantação da Reforma Universitária, em 1968, as atividades de pesquisa básica transcorriam nos departamentos básicos da FMUSP, articuladas com os departamentos aplicados, que se estabeleceram no HCFMUSP desde sua criação, em 1943, resultando no avanço da assistência médica prestada aos pacientes. Os departamentos básicos, com seus laboratórios e salas de aula, ocupavam quase todo o edifício sede. Com a aplicação das medidas da Reforma Universitária e presentes no Estatuto da USP, esses departamentos foram transferidos para o campus da Cidade Universitária, onde nuclearam, sobretudo, o Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB). Decorreu da Reforma importante ruptura na produção de conhecimentos na FMUSP, além do arriscado esvaziamento do prédio. O objetivo desta dissertação é reconstituir, pela perspectiva histórica, a trajetória institucional percorrida para sanar as perdas sofridas pela FMUSP e pelo HC e que culminaram com a criação dos LIM no período compreendido entre a implantação da Reforma Universitária até sua efetiva incorporação à estrutura do HCFMUSP, em 1977. O percurso da criação dos LIM foi reconstituído pelo diálogo entre os vestígios encontrados na documentação institucional e as memórias de atores institucionais que viveram esse período, apoiado pela historiografia acerca do ensino e das práticas médicas da FMUSP e do HCFMUSP / The Medical Investigation Laboratories (LIMs) of the University of São Paulo Medical School Clinics Hospital (HCFMUSP) were created with the passing of decree n. 9.720 of April 20, 1977, which formalized the latter\'s by-laws. As set by the decree, the LIMs are one of the units of HCFMUSP, to which they are administratively connected. The same instrument also establishes an academic link between the labs and the Medical School of the University (FMUSP). This set of labs conducts basic and applied research in the most diverse fields of health sciences, and develops diagnostic methods. Up until the 1968 University Reform in Brazil, basic research activity was conducted by the basic departments in conjunction with the applied departments of the Medical School - which existed at HCFMUSP since its foundation in 1943. This arrangement resulted in improvements in the medical care provided to patients. The basic departments, along with their labs and classrooms, occupied almost the entire headquarters building. With the enforcement of the measures defined by the University Reform - also present in the by-laws of the University of São Paulo - these departments were transferred to the main campus (Cidade Universitária) and mostly placed under the umbrella of the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB). As a consequence of the Reform, there was a risky emptying of FMUSP\'s building, and a disruption in its knowledge production. The objective of the present dissertation is to reconstruct, from a historical perspective, the institutional path taken with the aim of overcoming the losses faced by the medical school and its hospital, which culminated in the creation of the LIMs in the period between the implementation of the University Reform and the laboratories\' actual incorporation into HCFMUSP\'s structure in 1977. The LIMs\' creation process was reconstructed based on a dialogue between the traces found in the institution\'s documents and the recollections of players who witnessed the process, with the support of historiography on FMUSP and HCFMUSP\'s medical and teaching practices

Die deutschsprachige Forschung hat in den letzten 25 Jahren einiges zur Diskussion über die Chronologie der Späten Eisenzeit beigetragen. In diesem Artikel möchte ich aber nicht nur einfach eine Tabelle zum aktuellen Stand zeigen, sondern die Geschichte dieser Forschung kritisch beleuchten, um deren Entwicklung verständlich zu machen. / Over the last 25 years german archaeology has substantially contributed to the discussion of the chronology of the late Iron Age. This article not only provides a chart summaris-ing the status quo, but rather a critical assessment of the history of this discussion in order to explain the course it has taken.

Immune cell niches are microenvironments that support the survival of specific hematopoietic cells. The size of a given niche is dependent on survival and proliferation signals provided. Modulation of niche size can be a useful therapeutic tool, and a better understanding of the factors that control the size of immune cell niches can lead to more targeted therapies. Here bone marrow and thymic niches were modulated with tyrosine kinase inhibition to achieve increased engraftment following stem cell transplantation (SCT). SCT resulting in mixed chimerism is curative for several benign blood diseases, but toxicities associated with myeloablative and cytotoxic conditioning regimens limit the application of SCT. Sunitinib inhibits multiple tyrosine kinases including KIT, an essential survival signal within the hematopoietic stem cell and thymic progenitor niches. Sunitinib therapy diminishes hematopoietic and thymic progenitor cells in mice and enhances accessibility of marrow and thymic niches to transplanted bone marrow. This provides a novel, non-cytotoxic approach to accomplish mixed hematopoietic chimerism. The observation that T cells undergo increased proliferation and accumulate in IL-7R deficient mice compared to other lymphopenic hosts raised questions about the factors that control the size of the T cell niche. Understanding these factors is useful in designing therapeutics to increase T cell responses for treatment of many diseases including cancer. Dendritic cells (DCs) are well known for their ability to modulate T cell responses; however, very little is known about the role of IL-7R signaling on DCs. The data presented here show that bone marrow derived DCs treated with IL-7 were less able to induce T cell proliferation in coculture. In vivo systems using CD11cDTR mice showed a role for IL-7 signaling on CD11c+ cells in T cell homeostasis. Together these data suggest that IL-7R signaling on DCs is important for regulating the size of the T cell niche.

This work deals with the phenomenon of tattoo in hardcore subculture. In the theoretical part it reflects the transformation of the concept of subcultures in his historical progress, with an emphasis on the concept of style in the connection of the Center of contemporary culture Studies and post subcultural theory, especially the writing of David Muggleton. The diachronic perspective, this work also deals with the phenomenon of tattoo and its functions and meanings to it in today's society ascribed. An integral part of the theoretical part is to describe hardcore only in terms of its progress in the USA and in Czechoslovakia or Czech Republic, but also in terms of the side of music and shared ideology, which is the main key featuring to this subculture. Concepts described in the theoretical part are then used in actual research, which is conducted by using qualitative methodology. Exploration aims to describe the meanings and functions of the hardcore subculture and determine whether they are content and motivation ascribed to tattoo influenced subcultural ideologies, or whether it is primarily an expression of the contemporary individualistic discourse. In this work tattooing is examined in terms of its individual nature with regard to the subcultural, or wider, societal context, which together...

Film as an Educational Tool in Czech High School History Classes The master's thesis entitled Film as an Educational Tool in Czech High School History Classes is dedicated to discussing film as a didactical tool and as a source of education in history classes of Czech high schools. This thesis aims to analyze and evaluate the view Czech teachers hold towards using the filmography in their history classes while understanding the different implications of it. Secondly, the aim is to obtain commentary from experts in the field of history didactics. Those findings and results could, therefore, amend teaching program's structures and help teachers to structure their syllabus appropriately. The theoretical part of the thesis presents basic information on Czech education program and implementing History as a subject in the primary curriculum of the Ministry of Education. Then it considers the role of film theory and multimedia, which are both closely linked to the idea of the film as an educating tool in History classes. The following chapters analyze and evaluate solely the usage of the film in education and the different advantages and disadvantages it can bring. The paper's empirical part focuses on the qualitative research with Czech history teachers and experts and then finally evaluating the overall...

Abstract This work focuses on the Stone Age of north-eastern Europe between 5500 and 1800 calBC. Called the Neolithic in Finland and the Neolithic and Eneolithic in north-western Russia, the period and its research are characterized both by the encounters and separations between ‘the East’ and ‘the West’. Still, despite more than 100 years of archaeological research, few inter-regional studies exist. This dissertation aims to provide an overview of the basic concepts of the terminology and periodization and outline a general (absolute) chronological framework of the area. In addition, a historical research review of the present state of affairs is provided. Four case studies aspire to illustrate the varying (east–west-directed) contact networks that existed in the area during the Neolithic. The second central topic of this work is the Neolithic itself. The research area is located on the border of two major traditions defining the period either based on the appearance of productive livelihoods (west) or pottery technology (east). However, the purely Eurocentric and techno-economical views of the Neolithic have been recently challenged. An evaluation of the used terms and criteria are presented here in the context of north-eastern Europe. The Finnish-Russian border and national prehistories have affected and still affect the study of prehistory in north-eastern Europe. They have prevented studying many prehistoric phenomena to their full extent and have restricted the understanding of inter-regional interaction — during much of the Neolithic, the research area was not the last outpost of the western world but rather the north-western part of a vast Eurasian contact zone. The traditional definitions of the Neolithic have placed north-eastern Europe in an anomalous and peripheral position, but understanding the development as genuinely varying and multipolar would facilitate a more holistic and value-free examination of the period. / Tiivistelmä Koillis-Euroopan kivikautta aikavälillä 5500–1800 eKr. kutsutaan Suomessa neoliittiseksi, mutta Luoteis-Venäjällä se jaetaan neoliittiseen ja eneoliittiseen kauteen. Ajanjaksoa ja sen tutkimusta luonnehtivatkin ‘idän’ ja ‘lännen’ kohtaamiset ja erot. Huolimatta yli sadan vuoden tutkimushistoriasta on molempien alueiden aineistoja yhdisteleviä esityksiä olemassa vain niukasti. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tavoitteena on tarjota katsaus terminologian ja periodisaation keskeisiin käsitteisiin sekä hahmotella yleistä (absoluuttista) kronologiaa tutkimusalueella. Lisäksi työ esittelee nykytilanteen tutkimushistoriallisen taustan. Työhön kuuluu neljä tapaustutkimusta, joissa käsitellään Koillis-Euroopassa neoliittisella kivikaudella esiintyneitä (itä–länsi-suuntaisia) yhteysverkostoja. Työn toinen keskeinen teema on neoliittisen kivikauden käsite. Tutkimusalue sijaitsee kahden tutkimustradition rajalla, joista läntinen määrittelee aikakauden tuottavien elinkeinojen, itäinen keramiikan käyttöönoton perusteella. Puhtaasti Eurooppa-keskeinen ja teknologis-taloudellinen kuva neoliittisesta kivikaudesta on kuitenkin äskettäin kyseenalaistettu. Työssä esitellään yleistä terminologiaa ja pohditaan määritelmien käyttökelpoisuutta Koillis-Euroopassa. Suomen ja Venäjän välinen raja ja kansallinen esihistoriankirjoitus ovat vaikuttaneet merkittävästi kuvaan menneisyydestä. Ne ovat rajoittaneet ilmiöiden tutkimista niiden koko laajuudessa ja hämärtäneet alueiden välisiä yhteyksiä — suuren osan kivikautta tutkimusalue oli pohjoisella havumetsävyöhykkeellä vallinneiden verkostojen luoteisin osa, ei niinkään lännen viimeinen etuvartioasema. Perinteiset neoliittisen kivikauden määrittelykriteerit ovat asettaneet Koillis-Euroopan poikkeavaan ja perifeeriseen asemaan, mutta kehityksen ymmärtäminen aidosti varioivana ja moninapaisena mahdollistaisi periodin kokonaisvaltaisen ja ennakkoasenteista vapaan käsittelyn myös tällä alueella. / Аннотация Работа посвящена каменному веку северо-восточной Европы от 5500 до 1800 лет до н.э. Этот временной промежуток соответствует периоду неолита по финской периодизации, или периодам неолита и энеолита для древностей Северо-Запада России. Для рассматриваемого периода характерны как сходства, так и различия в археологическом материале между западной и восточной частями региона, и, так же, наличие и сходств, и различий между «западной» и «восточной» научными школами в понимании этого периода и в подходах к его исследованию. Несмотря на более чем 100-летнюю историю археологических исследований, лишь в нескольких работах данная проблематика рассматривается на межрегиональном уровне. В диссертации представлен обзор основных существующих понятий и хронологических схем, очерчены общие (абсолютные) хронологические рамки периода неолита рассматриваемой территории. Кроме того, рассмотрена история формирования современного состояния изучаемого вопроса. На примере четырёх конкретных исследований проиллюстрированы варианты систем коммуникаций (между востоком и западом), существовавших на рассматриваемой территории в неолите. Другая основная тема исследования — неолит как таковой. Изучаемая территория является пограничной для двух основных научных традиций определения неолита, использующих в качестве главного критерия либо появление производящего хозяйства («западная школа»), либо распространение технологии изготовления глиняной посуды («восточная школа»). Однако в последнее время наметилась ревизия евроцентричных и исключительно технологических и экономических подходов к пониманию неолита. В работе приведён критический анализ понятий и терминов, используемых в исследованиях по северо-востоку Европы. Финляндско-российская граница и различия между национальными концепциями доистории оказывали и продолжают оказывать влияние на изучение доистории северо-восточной Европы. Они ограничивают исследование многих явлений доисторического прошлого во всей их полноте, в том числе процессы межрегионального взаимодействия. Ведь в действительности на протяжении большей части периода неолита рассматриваемая территория являлась не крайним аванпостом западного мира, а, скорее, северо-западной частью обширной зоны евразийских контактов. При традиционном понимании неолитической эпохи северо-восток Европы оказывается периферийной территорией с отличным от «нормального» ходом культурного развития. Однако понимание развития как действительно вариативного и полицентричного процесса способствует более целостному и непредвзятому изучению рассматриваемого периода. (Translation: D.V. Gerasimov)

Biologische Evolutionstheorie erklärt die sukzessive Veränderung von Arten durch Vererbung und wurde erstmalig von Charles Darwin umfassend formuliert. Die Rezeption durch die Genderforschung umfasst diskursanalytische Studien und die Methodenkritik feministischer Biowissenschaftler_innen. Konkrete Bezugspunkte stellen dabei die sexuelle Selektion, naturalisierende Thesen der Soziobiologie und der evolutionären Psychologie sowie die Rolle des Essentialismus in der Evolutionstheorie Darwins dar.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / From 1851 to 1954, under various names, the Indiana Cotton Mills was the dominant industry in the small town of Cannelton, Indiana, mostly employing women and children. The female industrial laborers who worked in this mill during the middle and end of the nineteenth century represent an important and overlooked component of midwestern workers. Women in Cannelton played an essential role in Indiana’s transition from small scale manufacturing in the 1850s to large scale industrialization at the turn of the century. In particular, this work will provide an in-depth exploration of female operatives’ primary place in Cannelton society, their essential economic contributions to their families, and the unique tactics they used in attempts to achieve better working conditions in the mill. It will also explain the small changes in women’s work experiences from 1854 to 1884, and how ultimately marriage, not industrial work, determined the course of their later lives.