Along with China's economic growth and opening to the outside world, Chinese young people (mainly the post-80s and the post-90s) are affected by the commercialized culture. When targeting young consumers across cultures, many international advertisers prefer to use standardized visual advertisements. However, culture plays a key role in international advertising as the interpretation of advertising messages varies across cultures. Based on the framework of Analytic/Holistic Thought and Hybridity Theory, this study argued that Chinese and American young consumers adopt different thought patterns to process advertising messages. Looking at two important factors in advertising---image type and product type, this study advocated that marketers need to match the image type with their advertised products or brands, and to adopt congruous images that fit into young Chinese and American consumers' thought patterns. Past research on cultural studies and sociology has contributed to our understanding of how culture shapes the construction and deconstruction of advertising messages, and of the importance of image type used in advertising. In addition, marketing research helps us understand global consumer behaviors, the relationship between consumers' interpretations of ad messages and their attitudinal responses, and the importance of product type. Further, studies from cognitive psychology have provided useful framework for us to analyze the nature of human advertising behaviors and responses. Given the literature, this study sought to understand how culture influences consumers' interpretations of ad messages and how the interpretations further influence their evaluations of the ad and product, and their purchase intentions. This study employed a quantitative experimental design that included qualitative open-ended questions. The experiment tested the effect of culture on generating product/brand thoughts, examined the interaction effect of image type and product type on young consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions, and explored the relationship between the number of generated product/brand thoughts and ad effectiveness. The qualitative questions sought to explore how consumers across cultures recalled different types of objects from the ads and generated different types of product/brand thoughts. In conclusion, the study noted the following two key points: First, Chinese young consumers are less analytic than their American counterparts and tend to be more likely influenced by ad setting while recalling people portrayed in ads. Therefore, advertisers targeting young Chinese consumers may consider using a lifestyle format ad and focusing on portraying the attributes of focal people and objects as well as adding more visual pieces of context information. In contrast, advertising targeting American young consumers can adopt a personalized format, and focus on portraying the attributes of focal people and objects and on linking the attributes of focal people/objects to the product. Second, there is an interactive effect between product type and image type on ad effectiveness. For functional product advertising, using implicit images can be a creative strategy, especially for young Chinese consumers, as they may still infer the performance-related attributes (utilitarian attributes) of the products from background information. However, for symbolic product advertising, it is found that using implicit images discourages both Chinese and American participants from generating product/brand thoughts and from endowing the product with a typical product-user image from the ad.

The present study aimed to find out which compliment response types Saudi learners of English would use in particular situations within an academic context and to identify possible cultural and gender differences in the compliment responses between Saudi learners of English and native speakers of American English. In order to examine the two main variables of the present study, which were cultural and gender differences, the study used a Multiple Choice Discourse Completion Task (MDCT). The instrument included four imaginary written situations related to an academic context. Specifically, the first two scenarios involved a compliment on student achievement by a male and a female professor. In the third and fourth scenarios, the compliment was offered by a male and a female classmate, respectively. The compliment response types were based on Herbert's (1990) taxonomy. The participants included 104 American native speakers and 71 Saudi English speakers, all of them enrolled at a US university. The analysis of the data involved calculating descriptive statistics and multiple chi-square tests to elicit possible differences between native and non-native in each situation. Descriptive statistics were used to provide a detailed description of the results in terms of percentages. In addition, the value of Phi was calculated for each chi-square test in order to provide further evidence about the effect size of the observed differences. Overall, the results for the comparisons of cultural differences revealed that there were more similarities than differences between the American and Saudi participants in their compliment responses in all four situations. Furthermore, the results of the gender comparisons showed that there were more gender differences within the American sample than within the Saudi one. The lack of or very small number of cultural and gender differences was attributed to the fact that the majority of the Saudi participants had spent a substantial amount of time in the US and were all enrolled in undergraduate and graduate programs at a US university. Another speculation that emerges based on the results of this study is that the similarities between the Saudi and American students, and the male and female participants, could be attributed to the changing definition of culture in the present day globalized world. Particularly, it appears that cultural differences may be fading away, especially among the younger generations, under the influence of globalization, advanced technology, and the Internet.

Skinner (1957) attested that the acquisition of one type of verbal operant will not necessarily occasion the emergence of another type of verbal response topography. In contrast, several studies have shown that multiple exemplar training (MET) is a mechanism that can facilitate the emergence of untrained operants, and it has been considered a powerful tool for establishing generalized operant responses also known as derived relational responses in the language of Relational Frame Theory (RFT). Using a multiple probe design across participants, the current study evaluated the effects of two training protocols in the emergence of untaught intraverbal responses (listing and vocal spelling of words). In Experiment 1, four participants diagnosed with intellectual disability were trained in taking dictation responses and tested for the emergence of intraverbal responses in the form of vocal spelling of words. In Experiment 2, three out of the four participants were trained to relate three sets of three synonyms each using a conditional discrimination training. The results demonstrated that the training procedures used during both experiments were effective in occasioning the emergence of untrained intraverbal responses. It was suggested that participants should have had a history of MET through the course of their academic life which facilitated the emergence of different intraverbal responses in this study.

xvi, 159 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation involves two studies investigating the disclosure of life experiences in the context of real relationships in real time. Study 1 included 126 university students and community members. Pairs of participants who had known each other for at least three months were eligible. After participants completed a set of self- report measures, one member of the pair was randomly selected to disclose an experience he/she had not previously disclosed to the other member of the pair. A final set of self- report measures was then completed by each participant. The interaction was videotaped for coding and analyses. Using the coders' and disclosers' ratings of listeners' behaviors, we examined the impact of both verbal and nonverbal responses to disclosure and identified two modifiable behaviors (interruptions and posture) that contributed to conveying support. Results indicated that leaning backward was associated with more negative responses to disclosure and moderate levels of interruption were associated with more supportive responses to disclosure. Study 2 involved similar recruitment procedures to Study 1 and included 220 university students and community members. Pairs of participants were randomly assigned to an experimental or control condition and researchers were blind to condition. After completing a series of self-report questionnaires, the person randomly assigned to the discloser role was asked to describe an experience of mistreatment not previously disclosed to the other participant. This interaction was videotaped. Following this, participants completed post-disclosure questionnaires Then, psychoeducational materials regarding either healthy lifestyle improvements (control condition) or supportive listening techniques (experimental condition) were distributed, followed by a quiz on these materials. A second experience of mistreatment was disclosed and a final set of post-disclosure questionnaires was completed. Results indicated that the psychoeducational materials were effective in enhancing supportive responses to disclosure such that listeners in the experimental condition demonstrated significantly fewer unsupportive behaviors than listeners in the control condition. Listeners who started with high levels of unsupportive behaviors benefitted the most from the psychoeducational materials. Although there are several limitations of these studies and additional research with more diverse samples is needed, the findings represent an important preliminary step in research. / Committee in charge: Jennifer Freyd, Chairperson, Psychology; Gordon Hall, Member, Psychology; Sara Hodges, Member, Psychology; Jeff Todahl, Outside Member, Counseling Psychology and Human Services

abstract: ABSTRACT Modern management techniques to maintain rangelands and deter encroachment of juniper into grassland habitats currently includes fire prescription. Additionally, a large body of research has indicated that fire has multiple benefits to grasslands resulting in increased diversity of flora and fauna. In the semi-arid grassland of the Agua Fria National Monument, fire treatments may be able to provide similar advantages. This study considers two methods of fire prescription on the Agua Fria National Monument within central Arizona: 1) Juniper thinning with pile burning; 2) Broadcast burning. The Agua Fria National Monument upland ecosystem has limited research focusing on semi-arid grassland and juniper stand’s response to implemented treatments over time. The four year monitoring duration of this study aids in assessing the outcome of treatments and reaching the objectives of the management plan. Vegetation in 981 quadrats was measured for species richness, cover, densities, height, and biomass during the fire prescription period from 2009 through 2013. The study was divided into two treatment types: 1) Juniper cutting and pile burn; 2) Broadcast burn areas in open grasslands. Results of this study provide consistent examples of vegetative change and community movement towards positive response. Percent composition of overall vegetation is 5 – 30% with >50% of litter, bare ground and rock cover. Juniper sites have immediate consequences from tree thinning activities that may be beneficial to wildlife, particularly as connective corridors pronghorn antelope. Grass height was significantly reduced as well as forb density. Forbs that are highly responsive to environmental factors indicate an increase after the second year. Analysis results from grasslands indicated that cactus and unpalatable shrubs are reduced by fire but a return to pre-burn conditions occur by the third year after fire disturbance. Percent cover of perennial grasses has shown a slow increase. Wright’s buckwheat, a palatable shrub, has increased in density and height, indicating fire adaptations in the species. Species richness was reduced in the first year but increase in density continues into the third year after burn. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Applied Biological Sciences 2015

abstract: This study concerns optimal designs for experiments where responses consist of both binary and continuous variables. Many experiments in engineering, medical studies, and other fields have such mixed responses. Although in recent decades several statistical methods have been developed for jointly modeling both types of response variables, an effective way to design such experiments remains unclear. To address this void, some useful results are developed to guide the selection of optimal experimental designs in such studies. The results are mainly built upon a powerful tool called the complete class approach and a nonlinear optimization algorithm. The complete class approach was originally developed for a univariate response, but it is extended to the case of bivariate responses of mixed variable types. Consequently, the number of candidate designs are significantly reduced. An optimization algorithm is then applied to efficiently search the small class of candidate designs for the D- and A-optimal designs. Furthermore, the optimality of the obtained designs is verified by the general equivalence theorem. In the first part of the study, the focus is on a simple, first-order model. The study is expanded to a model with a quadratic polynomial predictor. The obtained designs can help to render a precise statistical inference in practice or serve as a benchmark for evaluating the quality of other designs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Statistics 2017

Submitted by BRUNO DE PAULA CARAÇA SMIRMAUL null (brunosmirmaul@gmail.com) on 2017-01-16T16:59:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE-FINAL-ARQUIVAMENTO.pdf: 1637438 bytes, checksum: 39d0e58bda02b0d292d14effdde3ae15 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-20T15:41:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 smirnaul_bpc_dr_rcla.pdf: 1637438 bytes, checksum: 39d0e58bda02b0d292d14effdde3ae15 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-20T15:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 smirnaul_bpc_dr_rcla.pdf: 1637438 bytes, checksum: 39d0e58bda02b0d292d14effdde3ae15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-11 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Respostas afetivas durante o exercício são relacionadas com a aderência ao exercício e com o comportamento atual/futuro de exercício. Entretanto, há grande variabilidade interindividual nas respostas afetivas ao exercício. Tal variabilidade é parcialmente explicada por diferenças individuais na preferência e tolerância da intensidade de exercício. Assim, os objetivos dessa tese de doutorado foram: Artigo 1 – adaptar o Questionário de Preferência e Tolerância da Intensidade de Exercício para a população brasileira e realizar uma avaliação psicométrica inicial; Artigo 2 – testar a validade estrutural do Questionário em uma amostra populacional diversa e avaliar sua invariância fatorial entre subgrupos de sexo e idade; Artigo 3 – explorar os fatores associados com a Preferência e Tolerância da intensidade de exercício em uma amostra populacional diversa, assim como fornecer valores normativos populacionais; Artigo 4 – testar se os constructos de preferência e tolerância da intensidade de exercício são associados com o comportamento de exercício longitudinalmente em uma amostra populacional diversa. Para isso, os seguintes métodos foram utilizados: Artigo 1 – tradução e retrotradução, produção de uma versão do Questionário em Português Brasileiro, e avaliação psicométrica e validação de constructo usando correlações transversais entre os escores de Preferência e Tolerância e variáveis de atividade física; Artigo 2 – análise fatorial confirmatória e teste de invariância fatorial multigrupos da versão em Português Brasileiro do Questionário em subgrupos de sexo e idade em uma amostra populacional de 622 participantes; Artigo 3 – regressão linear múltipla entre os escores de Preferência e Tolerância com idade, sexo, IMC, e atividade física no tempo de lazer (AFTL) moderada e vigorosa em uma amostra populacional de 622 participantes; Artigo 4 – regressões lineares múltiplas, correlações parciais e regressões logísticas multinomais envolvendo variáveis demográficas e antropométricas, assim como o comportamento de exercício tanto de 2007-2008 como de 2014-2015 de 622 participantes. Os resultados foram: Artigo 1 – A versão em Português do Brasil do PRETIEQ reteve as propriedades psicométricas da versão original, demonstrando adequada consistência interna, confiabilidade teste-reteste e correlações transversais com variáveis de atividade física dentro adultos jovens. Artigo 2 – a versão em Português do Brasil do PRETIE-Q reteve as propriedades estruturais da versão original e demonstrou invariância para sexo e idade. Artigo 3 – dentro alguns preditores significativos, apenas idade (r = - 0,348 e r = -0,341) e AFTL vigorosa (r = 0,276 e r = 0,140) foram significativamente e independentemente associadas com os escores de Preferência e Tolerância, respectivamente. Além disso, valores normativos populacionais estratificados por categorias de idade são apresentados. Artigo 4 – controlando por idade, sexo, IMC e níveis passados de AFTL, o aumento em 1 unidade nos escores de Preferência e/ou Tolerância foram associados com ≈5min/semana de AFTL total, ≈2min/semana de AFTL moderada e ≈2min/semana de AFTL vigorosa. Além disso, considerando os níveis recomendados de AFTL, o aumento de 1 unidade dos escores de Preferência e/ou Tolerância foram associados com ≈4-6%, 12,4% e 9,1% maiores chances de atingir longitudinalmente os níveis recomendados de AFTL total, moderada ou vigorosa, respectivamente. / Affective responses during exercise are related to exercise adherence and current/future exercise behavior. However, there is large inter-individual variability in affective responses to exercise. Such variability is partly explained by individual differences in preference for and tolerance of the intensity of exercise. Thus, the aims of this PhD thesis were: Article 1 – to adapt the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire (PRETIE-Q) for the Brazilian population and to perform an initial psychometric evaluation; Article 2 – to test the structural validity of the PRETIE-Q in a diverse population sample and to evaluate its factorial invariance across gender and age subgroups; Article 3 – to explore the factors associated with Preference for and Tolerance of the exercise intensity in a diverse population sample, as well as to provide population-based normative values; Article 4 – to test whether the constructs of preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity are associated to exercise behavior longitudinally in a diverse population sample. For this, the following methods were used: Article 1 – translation and back-translation, production of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the PRETIE-Q, and psychometric evaluation and construct validation using cross-sectional correlations between the Preference and Tolerance scores and physical activity variables; Article 2 – confirmatory factor analysis and a test of multigroup factor invariance of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the PRETIE-Q across gender and age subgroups in a population sample of 622 participants; Article 3 – multiple linear regression between Preference and Tolerance scores with age, gender, BMI and moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in a population sample of 622 participants; Article 4 – multiple linear regressions, partial correlations and multinomial logistic regressions involving demographic and anthropometric variables, as well as exercise behavior from both 2007-2008 and 2014-2015 of 622 participants. The results were: Article 1 – The Brazilian Portuguese version of the PRETIE-Q retained the psychometric properties of the original, demonstrating adequate internal consistency, testretest reliability, and cross-sectional correlations with physical activity variables among young adults. Article 2 – The Brazilian Portuguese version of the PRETIE-Q retained the structural properties of the original and demonstrated gender and age invariance. Article 3 – among a few significant predictors, only age (r = -0.348 and r = -0.341) and vigorous LTPA (r = 0.276 and r = 0.140) were found to be significantly and independently associated with both Preference and Tolerance scores, respectively. In addition, population-based normative values stratified by age categories are presented. Article 4 – controlling for age, gender, BMI and past LTPA levels, a 1-unit increase in Preference and/or Tolerance scores was associated with additional ≈5min/week of total LTPA, ≈2min/week of moderate LTPA and ≈2min/week of vigorous LTPA. In addition, considering the recommended levels of LTPA, a 1-unit increase in Preference and/or Tolerance scores was associated with ≈4-6%, 12.4% and 9.1% greater odds of longitudinally attaining the recommended levels of total, moderate and vigorous LTPA, respectively. / FAPESP: 2013/10503-0

Dor em pediatria tem sido o foco de muitos estudos nas últimas décadas devido ao fato de que neonatos apresentam menor limiar a estímulos nocivos e inócuos em relação aos adultos. Desta forma, o uso de analgésicos é frequente para sedação e analgesia em UTIs pediátricas, e entre os opioides, a morfina é um dos mais utilizados. Adicionalmente, exposição a estímulos estressantes como a deprivação materna está entre os fatores ambientais relacionados a alterações no desenvolvimento neural. O estresse social ou a negligência do cuidado parental, e mais precisamente do cuidado materno em ratos, está associado a importantes alterações comportamentais na vida adulta. Entre estas alterações apresentadas ao longo da vida estão alterações na resposta ao estresse, e à alteração na sensibilidade a estímulos dolorosos, indexadas por hiperalgesia. Consquentemente, o estresse social gerado pela deprivação materna está relacionado a prejuízos cognitivos, emocionais e sociais, além de alterações neuroquímicas de longo prazo. Deste modo, é necessário atenção, prevenção e tratamento a esses eventos físicos, emocionais e comportamentais no período neonatal e durante a infância, uma vez que as bases neurobiológicas envolvidas nestes fenômenos ainda não foram completamente elucidadas. Considerando a relevância do tema, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos do tratamento com 5 μg de morfina, uma vez ao dia, do P8 ao P14 e a exposição a deprivação materna por 3 horas durante os primeiros 10 dias de vida em curto (P16), médio (P30) e longo prazo (P60), sobre o desenvolvimento dos reflexos neuromotores da prole por meio do Reflexo de Endireitamento, Geotaxia Negativa e Marcha; comportamento nociceptivo por meio dos testes Tail-Flick e Placa Quente, respectivamente. Um total de 58 filhotes foi utilizado. Os animais foram divididos em 5 grupos: controle total (C), que não recebeu nenhuma intervenção; salina (S), que recebeu solução salina; morfina (M), que recebeu morfina; deprivado salina (DS), que foram submetidos a deprivação maternal e receberam solução salina; e deprivado morfina (DM), que foram submetidos a deprivação maternal e receberam morfina. Em relação aos testes neuroquímicos, foram analisados níveis de BDNF, NGF, IL-1β e IL-4 em tronco e córtex cerebral que estão relacionados a fenômenos modulatórios em sistemas nervoso e imune. Os animais que receberam morfina e os deprivados maternos que receberam morfina apresentaram atraso no desenvolvimento dos reflexos iniciais. Alterações neuroquímicas também foram observadas. Os níveis de BDNF no tronco encefálico foram diminuídos em animais que receberam morfina e deprivação materna. Animais deprivados apresentaram um aumento nos níveis de NGF no tronco encefálico. Além disso, observou-se um aumento nos níveis de NGF do córtex cerebral em animais que receberam morfina, deprivados maternos e deprivados maternos que receberam morfina. Uma diminuição no limiar nociceptivo foi observada em animais que receberam morfina, deprivados maternos e os deprivados maternos que receberam morfina. Também houve interações em tronco encefálico e córtex cerebral nos níveis de BDNF, IL-1β e IL-4 entre as variáveis independentes: tratamento, deprivação e tempo, o que levou à modificação nos níveis centrais dos neuroimunomoduladores avaliados. Estes dados demonstram a importância de estudos focados nos efeitos do tratamento com morfina no período neonatal ao longo da vida, assim como na busca por alternativas terapêuticas que possam reverter possíveis alterações decorrentes da separação materna no período neonatal. / Pediatric pain has been the focus of many studies in the last decades due to the fact that neonates have a lower threshold for innocuous and noxious stimuli than for adults. Thus, the use of analgesics is frequent for sedation and analgesia in pediatric intensive care units, and among opioids, morphine is one of the most used. Additionally, exposure to stressful stimuli such as maternal deprivation is among the environmental factors related to changes in neural development. The social stress or neglect of parental care, and more precisely maternal care in rats, is associated with important behavioral changes in adult life. Among these changes presented throughout life are changes in the response to stress, and the change in sensitivity to painful stimuli, indexed by hyperalgesia. Consequently, the social stress generated by maternal deprivation is related to cognitive, emotional and social impairments, further to long-term neurochemical changes. Thus, attention, prevention and treatment are necessary to these physical, emotional and behavioral events in the neonatal period and during childhood, since the neurobiological bases involved in these phenomena have not yet been fully elucidated. Considering the relevance of the subject, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of treatment with 5 μg of morphine once a day from P8 to P14 and exposure to maternal deprivation for 3 hours during the first 10 days of short (P16), medium (P30) and long- term (P60), on the development of neuromotor reflexes of offspring through the righting Reflex, Negative Geotaxis and Gait; nociceptive behavior through the Tail-Flick and Hot Plate tests, respectively. A total of 58 puppies were utilized. The animals were divided in 5 groups: the total control group (C), which did not receive any intervention; saline group (S), which receive saline solution; morphine group (M), which receive morphine; deprived saline (DS), which were subjected to maternal deprivation and receive saline solution; and deprived morphine group (DM), which were subjected to maternal deprivation and receive morphine. In relation to the neurochemical tests, levels of BDNF, NGF, IL-1β and IL-4 were analyzed in the brainsteam and cerebral cortex and are related to modulatory phenomena of the nervous and immune systems. Animals that received morphine and deprived animais that received morphine showed a delay in the development of early reflexes. Neurochemical changes were also observed. BDNF levels in the brainstem were decreased in animals receiving morphine and maternal deprivation. Deprived animals had an increase in NGF levels in the brainstem. Besides, an increase in NGF levels of the cerebral cortex was observed in animals receiving morphine, maternal deprivation and maternal deprivation receiving morphine. A decrease in the nociceptive threshold was observed in animals receiving morphine, maternal deprivation, and maternal deprivation receiving morphine. There were also interactions in the brainstem and cerebral cortex in the levels of BDNF, IL-1β and IL-4 among the independent variables: treatment, deprivation and time, which led to the modification in the central levels of the neuroimmunomodulators evaluated. These data demonstrate the importance of studies focused on the effects of treatment with morphine in the neonatal period throughout life, as well as on the search for therapeutic alternatives that may reverse possible changes due to maternal deprivation in the neonatal period.

A patinação artística se desenvolveu ao longo dos anos, até tornar-se o esporte de competição visto atualmente. Contudo, existe pouca informação na literatura a respeito da intensidade das sessões de treino desta modalidade e se existiria uma maneira de expor o atleta a um menor número de impactos dos saltos durante o treino, mas atingir os mesmos benefícios. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos de dois tipos de sessão de treino de patinação sobre parâmetros fisiológicos e neuromusculares de atletas da patinação artística sobre rodas. Nove atletas (17,7 ± 2,96 anos) realizaram dois diferentes tipos de sessão de treino, de forma randomizada: uma sessão convencional (conv) (na qual o número de saltos e os intervalos realizados foram determinados pelo técnico das atletas, conforme o treinamento normalmente realizado pelas mesmas, resultando em uma média de 139 ± 31,2 saltos) e uma sessão sistematizada (sist) (na qual foram realizados 96 saltos, com intervalo de 6 s entre cada salto, 2 a 3 min entre cada repetição (conjunto de oito saltos) e 5 min a cada quatro repetições). As atletas foram avaliadas antes, imediatamente após, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 24h, 48h e 72h após a realização das sessões, em parâmetros relacionados à atividade muscular, taxa de produção de força, altura e potência dos saltos squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) e drop jump (DJ) e concentração sanguínea de creatina quinase e de lactato. Foi utilizado o Teste T para amostras pareadas para a comparação entre as sessões nos diferentes momentos, sendo adotado um α=0,05 como significância (SPSS v. 17.0). Foram observadas algumas diferenças significativas entre as sessões, dentre elas, na concentração sanguínea de lactato no momento 15 min após (conv: 1,47 ± 0,45 mmol; sist: 1,03 ± 0,25 mmol; p=0,044) e na altura dos saltos SJ, no momento 72h após (conv: 0,20 ± 0,06 m; sist: 0,18 ± 0,06 m; p=0,012), e CMJ, também no momento 72h após (conv: 0,21 ± 0,06 m; sist: 0,20 ± 0,06 m; p=0,008). Porém, de maneira geral, foram observadas poucas diferenças significativas entre as sessões de treino avaliadas no presente estudo, o que indica que ambas representaram uma intensidade semelhante de treino. No caso da sessão sistematizada, os achados confirmam a hipótese de que uma sessão de treino com número de saltos e tempo de intervalo definidos seria uma alternativa interessante de expor menos o atleta a uma grande quantidade de impacto e, ainda assim, atingir os mesmos resultados de uma sessão convencional. / Artistic roller skating has been developed over the years to become the competitive sport currently seen. However, little information exists in the literature regarding the intensity of the practices of this sport and if there could be a way to expose the athlete to a lower number of impacts of the jumps during training, but at the same time to achieve the same benefits. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of two types of skating training session on physiological and neuromuscular parameters of roller figure skaters. Nine female athletes (17.7 ± 2.96 years) realized two different types of skating training session: a conventional session (conv) (in which the number of jumps and the intervals were determined by the athlete’s coach, according to their normal training scheme, resulting in a mean of 139 ± 31,2 jumps) and a systematized session (syst) (in which 96 jumps were performed with intervals of 6 s between each jump, 2 to 3 min between each repetition (set of eight jumps) and 5 min every four repetitions). Evaluations were done before, immediately after, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 24h, 48h and 72h after the sessions in parameters related to muscular activity, rate of force development, height and power of squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) and blood concentration of creatine kinase and lactate. Paired T Test was utilized for the comparison between sessions at the different time points, with an α=0,05 as significance (SPSS v. 17.0). Some significative differences between sessions were observed, as in the blood concentration of lactate at the moment 15 min after (conv: 1,47 ± 0,45 mmol; syst: 1,03 ± 0,25 mmol; p=0,044) and in the heights of SJ at the moment 72h after (conv: 0,20 ± 0,06 m; syst: 0,18 ± 0,06 m; p=0,012), and CMJ, also at the moment 72h after (conv: 0,21 ± 0,06 m; syst: 0,20 ± 0,06 m; p=0,008). However, there were overall few significant differences between the sessions evaluated in the present study, what indicates that both represent a similar training intensity. For the systematized session, the findings support the hypothesis that a training session with defined number of jumps and rest intervals could be an alternative to expose less the athlete to a large amount of impact and yet get the same results of a conventional session.

abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role teacher-relational bullying schemas may have in influencing the likelihood of youth seeking teachers' assistance. The first goal of the study was to assess whether supportive and helpful teacher-responses to bullying schemas (TRBS) were associated with greater likelihood of involving teachers, and unhelpful TRBSs was related to lower likelihood of teacher seeking coping. The second goal was to examine possible differences in TRBS and likelihood of seeking help based on sex, grade, personal behavioral blame, personal aggression, and victimization. Towards these aims, data were gathered from 320 fourth and sixth grade students (152 boys; 168 girls) in the fall and spring of the academic year. MANOVA analyses revealed sex and grade differences, such as sixth grade boys were least likely to tell their teacher and most likely to blame their own behavior for being bullied than any other group. Results from a series of regression analyses found personal behavior blame and peer-directed aggression was related with less likelihood of telling. In addition, the association between parents or principal TRBS and telling the teacher was moderated by personal behavioral blame. Moreover, punishment predicted lower probability of telling concurrently and longitudinally. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Family and Human Development 2013