Avaliou-se a resistência à fratura de dentes pré-molares, com e sem bisel no ângulo cavo-superficial, restaurados com resina composta. Noventa dentes prémolares superiores foram divididos em 9 grupos. O grupo 1, considerado controle positivo, constituiu-se de dentes hígidos. Os grupos de 2 a 9 receberam cavidades de Classe II MOD, com medidas padronizadas. Os grupos de 6 a 9, além das cavidades, tiveram os tetos das câmaras pulpares removidos. Para os grupos 2, 3, 6 e 7, o ângulo cavo-superficial apresentou-se nítido e sem bisel; grupos 4 e 8, bisel côncavo em toda cavidade; grupos 5 e 9, bisel apenas na porção oclusal da cavidade. Os dentes dos grupos 2 e 6 não foram restaurados, sendo considerados controle negativo. Para os demais grupos, procedeu-se a restauração das cavidades com sistema restaurador adesivo pela técnica direta. Todos os espécimes foram avaliados quanto a resistência à fratura, em uma maquina de teste universal (Emic - DL 2000), com célula de carga de 500Kgf, regulada a uma carga máxima de 450Kgf, com uma leitura mínima de 0,05Kgf de precisão. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância a um critério e ao teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos. Constatou-se que houve diferença significante entre os grupos estudados, quando considerados os diferentes tratamentos do ângulo cavo-superficial (variável independente) e a resistência à fratura obtida (variável dependente) (p<0,05). A remoção de tecido dentário pela confecção de cavidades diminuiu a resistência à fratura do órgão dentário, sendo que em intervenções mais extensas, com a remoção de estrutura de reforço, como o teto da câmara pulpar, esta resistência se apresentou ainda menor. A confecção de bisel em todo o ângulo cavo-superficial, em cavidades de Classe II, proveu um aumento significante da resistência à fratura, quando comparado aos dentes que apresentaram o ângulo cavo-superficial nítido e sem bisel, tanto em dentes com ou sem remoção do teto da câmara pulpar. Além disso, dentes que apresentaram bisel em todo o ângulo cavo-superficial de cavidades de Classe II, tanto com ou sem intervenção endodôntica, mostraram os melhores padrões de fratura, preservando quase que em sua totalidade a integridade do remanescente dentário. / The fracture resistance of upper premolar teeth with and without cavosurface bevel, restored with composite resin material was evaluated. Ninety upper premolar teeth were divided into 9 groups. The group 1, considered as a positive control, was composed of sound teeth. Groups 2 to 9 receive Class II MOD preparation cavities with standardized measures. Groups from 6 to 9 had the roof of the pulp chamber removed. In groups 2, 3, 6, and 7, the cavosurface angle was evident and without bevel; groups 4 and 8, a concave bevel around the entire cavity; groups 5 and 9, the bevel was only placed in the oclusal portion of the cavity. Teeth in groups 2 and 6 were not restored, and considered as negative controls. In the other groups, cavities were directly restored with an adhesive resin system. All specimens were evaluated until load to fracture in a Universal Testing Machine (Emic DL 2000), with a load cell of 500Kgf, maximum load of 450Kgf, and 0,05kgf of standard error. Results were submitted to one-way analysis of variance and Tukey\'s test for group comparisons. There was a significant difference among the studied groups regarding the different treatments on the cavosurface angle (independent variable) and the fracture resistance (dependent variable) (p<0.05). Removal of tooth structure through cavity preparation diminished the fracture resistance values, being that in more extensive preparation (removal of the roof of pulp chamber), this value was lower. The bevel placed around the entire cavosurface angle in Class II cavities significantly increased the fracture resistance, when compared to teeth with a clear cavosurface angle but without bevel, either in teeth with or without removal of the roof of pulp chamber. Besides, teeth with bevel around the entire cavosurface angle with or without endodontic therapy showed the best fracture patterns, almost completely preserving tooth integrity.

Avaliou-se a resistência à fratura de dentes pré-molares, com e sem bisel no ângulo cavo-superficial, restaurados com resina composta. Noventa dentes prémolares superiores foram divididos em 9 grupos. O grupo 1, considerado controle positivo, constituiu-se de dentes hígidos. Os grupos de 2 a 9 receberam cavidades de Classe II MOD, com medidas padronizadas. Os grupos de 6 a 9, além das cavidades, tiveram os tetos das câmaras pulpares removidos. Para os grupos 2, 3, 6 e 7, o ângulo cavo-superficial apresentou-se nítido e sem bisel; grupos 4 e 8, bisel côncavo em toda cavidade; grupos 5 e 9, bisel apenas na porção oclusal da cavidade. Os dentes dos grupos 2 e 6 não foram restaurados, sendo considerados controle negativo. Para os demais grupos, procedeu-se a restauração das cavidades com sistema restaurador adesivo pela técnica direta. Todos os espécimes foram avaliados quanto a resistência à fratura, em uma maquina de teste universal (Emic - DL 2000), com célula de carga de 500Kgf, regulada a uma carga máxima de 450Kgf, com uma leitura mínima de 0,05Kgf de precisão. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância a um critério e ao teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos. Constatou-se que houve diferença significante entre os grupos estudados, quando considerados os diferentes tratamentos do ângulo cavo-superficial (variável independente) e a resistência à fratura obtida (variável dependente) (p<0,05). A remoção de tecido dentário pela confecção de cavidades diminuiu a resistência à fratura do órgão dentário, sendo que em intervenções mais extensas, com a remoção de estrutura de reforço, como o teto da câmara pulpar, esta resistência se apresentou ainda menor. A confecção de bisel em todo o ângulo cavo-superficial, em cavidades de Classe II, proveu um aumento significante da resistência à fratura, quando comparado aos dentes que apresentaram o ângulo cavo-superficial nítido e sem bisel, tanto em dentes com ou sem remoção do teto da câmara pulpar. Além disso, dentes que apresentaram bisel em todo o ângulo cavo-superficial de cavidades de Classe II, tanto com ou sem intervenção endodôntica, mostraram os melhores padrões de fratura, preservando quase que em sua totalidade a integridade do remanescente dentário. / The fracture resistance of upper premolar teeth with and without cavosurface bevel, restored with composite resin material was evaluated. Ninety upper premolar teeth were divided into 9 groups. The group 1, considered as a positive control, was composed of sound teeth. Groups 2 to 9 receive Class II MOD preparation cavities with standardized measures. Groups from 6 to 9 had the roof of the pulp chamber removed. In groups 2, 3, 6, and 7, the cavosurface angle was evident and without bevel; groups 4 and 8, a concave bevel around the entire cavity; groups 5 and 9, the bevel was only placed in the oclusal portion of the cavity. Teeth in groups 2 and 6 were not restored, and considered as negative controls. In the other groups, cavities were directly restored with an adhesive resin system. All specimens were evaluated until load to fracture in a Universal Testing Machine (Emic DL 2000), with a load cell of 500Kgf, maximum load of 450Kgf, and 0,05kgf of standard error. Results were submitted to one-way analysis of variance and Tukey\'s test for group comparisons. There was a significant difference among the studied groups regarding the different treatments on the cavosurface angle (independent variable) and the fracture resistance (dependent variable) (p<0.05). Removal of tooth structure through cavity preparation diminished the fracture resistance values, being that in more extensive preparation (removal of the roof of pulp chamber), this value was lower. The bevel placed around the entire cavosurface angle in Class II cavities significantly increased the fracture resistance, when compared to teeth with a clear cavosurface angle but without bevel, either in teeth with or without removal of the roof of pulp chamber. Besides, teeth with bevel around the entire cavosurface angle with or without endodontic therapy showed the best fracture patterns, almost completely preserving tooth integrity.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese Rudimar_Antonio_Baldissera.pdf: 912046 bytes, checksum: 2e67255564e6053c35182672be9085fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-14 / Composite restorations are daily performed in dental offices; however, few studies have reported the longevity of these restorations for long periods of observation. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical performance of resin composite restorations placed in anterior and posterior teeth in the period between the years 1991 and 2001. From the files of a private dental clinic, 83 patients who received 375 restorations in posterior teeth and 61 patients with 237 restorations in anterior teeth with the composites Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany), Herculite XR (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) or Z100 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) participated in the study, being examined by two calibrated researchers. The restorations were evaluated according to the FDI criteria (World Dental Federation, HICKEL et al., 2007). After the fieldwork, data were double tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using Stata version 11.0. Descriptive statistics were used to report the frequency of distribution of the restorations for the variables evaluated and for the causes of failures. The survival analyzes were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, to obtain the survival curves for the variables of interest, followed by the Log-Rank test for comparison between groups (α=0.05). The analysis of factors associated with failure over time was performed using a model of multivariate analysis by Cox regression with shared fragility. Of the total of 612 restorations, 69 were considered unsatisfactory. The annual failure rate observed at the final of the period was 0.76 to anterior teeth and 1.16 to posterior teeth. The aesthetic factor was the major cause in the anterior teeth, while in posterior were the fractures. Regarding the material, the composite Herculite was significantly better than Z100 and this better than Charisma. Restorations with the largest number of surfaces involved had the worst performance. The result of this study showed a satisfactory clinical performance. In relation of the material, the composite Herculite was significantly better than the Z100 and this better than Charisma. The restorations with the highest number of surfaces involved had the worst performance / Restaurações de resina composta são confeccionadas diariamente nos consultórios odontológicos, porém poucos estudos reportam a longevidade destas restaurações por longos períodos de observação. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho clínico de restaurações de resina composta inseridas em dentes anteriores e posteriores no período de 1991 a 2001. A partir da verificação de prontuários do arquivo de uma clínica odontológica privada, 83 pacientes que receberam 375 restaurações em dentes posteriores e 61 pacientes com 237 restaurações em dentes anteriores com os compósitos Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Alemanha), Herculite XR (Kerr, Orange, CA, EUA) ou Z100 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, EUA) participaram do estudo e foram examinados por dois pesquisadores calibrados. As restaurações foram avaliadas de acordo com os critérios de avaliação clínica de restaurações propostos pela FDI (Federação Dentária Internacional) . Após o trabalho de campo, os dados foram tabulados por 2 digitalizadores e submetidos à análise estatística usando o Stata versão 11.0. Estatística descritiva foi usada para reportar a frequência de distribuição de restaurações para as variáveis avaliadas e para as causas de falhas. As análises de sobrevida foram realizadas pelo método de Kaplan Meier, para a obtenção das curvas de sobrevida para as variáveis de interesse, seguido do teste Log-Rank, para comparação entre grupos (α=0,05). A análise de fatores associados a falha ao longo do tempo foi realizada através de modelo de análise multivariável por regressão de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada. Do total das 612 restaurações, 69 foram consideradas insatisfatórias. A taxa de falha anual observada no final, foi de 0,76 para os dentes anteriores e de 1,16 para os posteriores. O fator estético foi a principal causa nos dentes anteriores enquanto que nos posteriores as fraturas., Em relação ao material a resina Herculite mostrou-se significantemente melhor que a Z100 e esta melhor que a Charisma. As restaurações com o maior número de faces envolvidas tiveram o pior desempenho. O resultado deste estudo mostrou que os compósitos apresentaram um bom desempenho clínico tanto em dentes posteriores quanto em anteriores, no acompanhamento a longo prazo

Since the mid-1990s resin composite has been used for Class II restorations in stress-bearing areas as an alternative to amalgam. Reasons for this were the patients’ fear of mercury in dental amalgam and a growing demand for aesthetic restorations. During the last decades, the use of new resin composites with more optimized filler loading have resulted in reduced clinical wear. Improved and simplified amphiphilic bonding systems have been introduced. However, one of the main problems with resin composites, its polymerization shrinkage, has not been solved yet. During the polymerization of the resin composites, they shrink as a result of the conversion of the monomers into rigid polymers by a radical addition reaction. The resulting shrinkage stresses in the bonded resin composite restorations may cause adhesive failures at the resin composite/tooth structure interface and/or cohesive failures within the tooth or the resin composite. The interfacial failures may result in post-operative sensitivity, recurrent caries or pulpal injury. This thesis evaluates different restorative and light-curing techniques that are proposed to reduce the polymerization shrinkage and also the effect of new lightcuring units, light-emitting diodes (LED) and high-power quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) light on curing depth and degree of conversion of resin composites. Two restorative techniques using a polyacid-modified resin composite or a flowable resin composite in combination with conventional resin composite in sandwich restorations were evaluated in an intraindividual comparison with a conventional resin composite restoration. The durability of the polyacid-modified resin composite sandwich technique was investigated in a three year clinical follow-up study. A scanning electron microscope replica method was used for evaluation of the interfacial adaptation in vivo of both sandwich combinations. The depth of cure of the flowable resin composite was evaluated with the use of Wallace hardness testing. Degree of conversion for resin composite cured with the new LED units was evaluated with Fourier Transform Raman spectroscopy. Major results and conclusions from the studies are: • Neither the sandwich restoration with polyacid-modified resin composite nor the flowable resin composite improved the interfacial adaptation of the restorations. • No difference in durability was found between the sandwich restorations with polyacidmodified resin composite or the resin composite restorations. A low failure rate was observed for both types of restorations after a clinical observation time of three years. • The depth of cure of the flowable resin composite was higher than the depth of cure of the resin composite. It was found that the curing time of the resin composite studied could be reduced or the increment layer thickness increased compared to earlier recommendations. • LED curing units of the latest generation were able to cure resin composites to a higher degree of conversion than the control QTH unit • The use of soft-start curing did not improve the interfacial adaptation of neither of resin composite restorations tested.

The prevalence of dental caries has decreased dramatically in most developed countries since the sixties and the number of remaining teeth in adults has increased during the last decades. Elderly as a group will during aging become an increasing risk group for caries. Especially older individuals with hyposalivation are at increased risk for coronal and root caries and need increased oral care. A large part of the time spent by the dental team is occupied by prevention and treatment of secondary caries, which is the main reason of replacement or repair of restorations. Traditionally, prevention of caries is directed against the different risk factors of the individual such as oral hygiene, intake of fermentable carbohydrates, cariogenic microflora and oral dryness. In some restorative materials the release of fluoride can be used to decrease the risk of secondary caries alone or in combination with other preventive methods. New alternative preventive methods are necessary to complete traditional methods in order to decrease the caries risk in elderly and/or to prevent secondary caries. Addition of methods with buffering properties have been suggested and developed to supplement the biological buffering capacity of saliva. The neutralizing effects of a hydroxyl ion-releasing resin composite and a prophylactic gel containing buffering properties on dental plaque acidogenicity was evaluated by the microtouch method. In this method, a skin reference electrode was validated in comparison with a glass capillary reference electrode and used in the subsequent studies. Change of plaque acidogenicity on proximal surfaces of aged restorations of the hydroxyl ion-releasing resin composite was compared intra-individually a conventional hybrid resin composite and a non-filled enamel proximal surface. Relative frequencies of cariogenic microorganisms in plaque on these surfaces were studied. The effect of a single application of the prophylactic gel with buffering substances was evaluated on plaque acidogenicity in healthy individuals with low and normal salivary secretion rate. It was compared intra-individually with the same gel without buffering substances. The effect of multiple applications of the prophylactic gel on plaque acidogenicity was studied in institutionalized elderly individuals with subjectively reported oral dryness and compared intra-individually with the same gel without buffering substances. Major results and conclusions from the studies are: • The use of the skin reference electrode, in combination with the microtouch electrode, showed high validity in comparison with the conventional glass capillary reference electrode • The hydroxyl ion-releasing composite resin countered plaque acidogenicity fall at two time points of the aged restorations and maintained it at levels where lesser demineralization occurs. No influence of the ion-release on the amount of cariogenic plaque microorganisms on the resin composite surface was observed • A single application of the prophylactic gel with buffering substances showed a neutralizing effect of plaque pH in healthy individuals with normal salivary secretion rate. No effect was observed in low secretion rate individuals. • Multiple applications of the prophylactic gel did not neutralize dental plaque acidogenicity in elderly individuals with subjective oral dryness

Proposição: o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, após doze meses, qualitativamente o desempenho clínico e o tempo gasto na execução de 86 restaurações atraumáticas realizadas em pré-escolares de creches comunitárias do município de Porto Alegre, utilizando o cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade (Vitro- Molar/DFL). Metodologia: foram selecionadas 42 crianças com necessidades restauradoras, inseridas em um programa educativo-preventivo. As respectivas restaurações foram avaliadas seguindo os critérios USPHS modificado e analisadas estatisticamente pelo teste não paramétrico Mann- Whitney (p<0,05). Resultados: encontrou-se 94,2% de retenção das restaurações envolvendo uma ou mais superfícies em dentes decíduos. O tempo médio despendido para execução da restauração foi de 4,47 minutos segundo análise de variância. Conclusão: concluí-se que as restaurações atraumáticas são indicadas para serem utilizadas em pré-escolares, por apresentarem um bom desempenho clínico e agilidade no atendimento. / Objective: the aim of the present study was to qualitatively assess the clinical performance, after 12 months, of 86 atraumatic restorations bonded with highviscosity glass ionomer cement (Vitro-Molar/DFL), in preschoolers from Porto Alegre-based day care centers, in southern Brazil, and also to assess the length of the treatment. Methods: a total of 42 children who required restorative treatment were selected from a preventive educational program. The restorations were assessed using the modified USPHS criteria and statistically analyzed by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). Results: the restorations on one or more surfaces of deciduous teeth had a retention rate of 94.2%. According to the analysis of variance, the length of restorative treatment averaged 4.47 minutes. Conclusion: atraumatic restorations are recommended in preschoolers, since they have a good clinical performance and allow prompt treatment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-09-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:41:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 calabrezfilho_s_dr_arafo.pdf: 1543575 bytes, checksum: 53cda3ebc681f14a9c6a7769226d8a18 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a infiltração marginal da resina Flow Filtek e do cimento resinoso dual RelyX na fixação de inlays de cerômeros fotoativados com LEDs e Luz Halógena. Foram selecionados 32 dentes íntegros recém-extraídos armazenados em solução de soro fisiológico no freezer, divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo I - aparelho Elipar FreeLight e resina Flow Filtek ; Grupo II - aparelho Ultralux® e Resina Flow Filtek ; Grupo III - aparelho Elipar FreeLight e cimento resinoso RelyX e Grupo IV - aparelho Ultralux® e cimento resinoso RelyX . Foram feitos 64 preparos cavitários com término em esmalte e cemento a 1 mm acima e abaixo da junção amelo-cementária respectivamente. As inlays foram jateadas internamente com óxido de alumínio de 100 æm com 40 Bar de pressão e, posteriormente foi feito o condicionamento das superfícies das inlays com ácido fosfórico a 37% durante 60 segundos, as quais foram lavadas e silanizadas. Após o condicionamento das inlays, foi feito o preparo da superfície dental com ácido fosfórico a 37% durante 15 segundos, as quais foram lavadas, secas com papel absorvente, tendo sido aplicado o adesivo dentinário Single Bond (3m/Espe), e fixadas com seus respectivos cimentos. Posteriormente à fixação, foram fotoativadas pelos aparelhos em íntimo contato com sua superfície por 60 segundos, termociclados com 1.000 ciclos variando-se a temperatura de 5ºC a 55ºC, em seguida imersas em solução de fucsina básica a 5% durante 24 horas, lavadas e seccionadas no centro da restauração para que fosse feita a medida da infiltração em um Software Image Tool calibrado em milímetros, pelo qual foram selecionados os resultados que apresentavam maiores infiltrações em medidas lineares para aplicação dos testes estatísticos.... / The objective of this work was to evaluate the microleakage of the Flow Filtek resin and dual luting RelyX in the fixation of composite resin inlays cured with LEDs and Halogenic Light units. 32 recently extracted complete teeth were selected stored in solution of physiologic serum in freezer, divided in four groups: I Group I- Elipar FreeLight unit and Flow Filtek resin; Group II- Ultralux® unit Flow Filtek resin; Group III- Elipar FreeLight unit and RelyX luting and Group IV- Ultralux® unit RelyX luting. They were made 64 cavitary preparations with end in enamel and dentine with 1 mm above and below enamel-dentin junction respectively, the inlays were sandblasted internally with 100æm/40 pressure Bar and later made the conditioning of the surfaces of the inlays with phosphoric acid to 37% goes 60 seconds, washed and silanizadas. After the conditioning of the inlays they were made the preparation of the dental surface with phosphoric acid to 37% for 15 seconds, washed, dried with absorbent and applied paper the dentinal sticker Single Bond (3m/Espe) and fastened with their respective luting. Later the fixation, these were cured for the units in intimate contact with its surface for 60 seconds. The samples were then thermocycled with 1000 cycles varying the temperature of 5ºC and 55ºC, soon afterwards immersed in solution of basic fucsina to 5% for 24 hours, washed and split up in the center of the restoration so that it was made the measure of the microleakage in a Software Image Tool gaged in millimeters, where they were selected the results that presented larger leakage in lineal measures for application of the statistical tests... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Proposição: o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, após doze meses, qualitativamente o desempenho clínico e o tempo gasto na execução de 86 restaurações atraumáticas realizadas em pré-escolares de creches comunitárias do município de Porto Alegre, utilizando o cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade (Vitro- Molar/DFL). Metodologia: foram selecionadas 42 crianças com necessidades restauradoras, inseridas em um programa educativo-preventivo. As respectivas restaurações foram avaliadas seguindo os critérios USPHS modificado e analisadas estatisticamente pelo teste não paramétrico Mann- Whitney (p<0,05). Resultados: encontrou-se 94,2% de retenção das restaurações envolvendo uma ou mais superfícies em dentes decíduos. O tempo médio despendido para execução da restauração foi de 4,47 minutos segundo análise de variância. Conclusão: concluí-se que as restaurações atraumáticas são indicadas para serem utilizadas em pré-escolares, por apresentarem um bom desempenho clínico e agilidade no atendimento. / Objective: the aim of the present study was to qualitatively assess the clinical performance, after 12 months, of 86 atraumatic restorations bonded with highviscosity glass ionomer cement (Vitro-Molar/DFL), in preschoolers from Porto Alegre-based day care centers, in southern Brazil, and also to assess the length of the treatment. Methods: a total of 42 children who required restorative treatment were selected from a preventive educational program. The restorations were assessed using the modified USPHS criteria and statistically analyzed by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). Results: the restorations on one or more surfaces of deciduous teeth had a retention rate of 94.2%. According to the analysis of variance, the length of restorative treatment averaged 4.47 minutes. Conclusion: atraumatic restorations are recommended in preschoolers, since they have a good clinical performance and allow prompt treatment.

Proposição: o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, após doze meses, qualitativamente o desempenho clínico e o tempo gasto na execução de 86 restaurações atraumáticas realizadas em pré-escolares de creches comunitárias do município de Porto Alegre, utilizando o cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade (Vitro- Molar/DFL). Metodologia: foram selecionadas 42 crianças com necessidades restauradoras, inseridas em um programa educativo-preventivo. As respectivas restaurações foram avaliadas seguindo os critérios USPHS modificado e analisadas estatisticamente pelo teste não paramétrico Mann- Whitney (p<0,05). Resultados: encontrou-se 94,2% de retenção das restaurações envolvendo uma ou mais superfícies em dentes decíduos. O tempo médio despendido para execução da restauração foi de 4,47 minutos segundo análise de variância. Conclusão: concluí-se que as restaurações atraumáticas são indicadas para serem utilizadas em pré-escolares, por apresentarem um bom desempenho clínico e agilidade no atendimento. / Objective: the aim of the present study was to qualitatively assess the clinical performance, after 12 months, of 86 atraumatic restorations bonded with highviscosity glass ionomer cement (Vitro-Molar/DFL), in preschoolers from Porto Alegre-based day care centers, in southern Brazil, and also to assess the length of the treatment. Methods: a total of 42 children who required restorative treatment were selected from a preventive educational program. The restorations were assessed using the modified USPHS criteria and statistically analyzed by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). Results: the restorations on one or more surfaces of deciduous teeth had a retention rate of 94.2%. According to the analysis of variance, the length of restorative treatment averaged 4.47 minutes. Conclusion: atraumatic restorations are recommended in preschoolers, since they have a good clinical performance and allow prompt treatment.

The aim of this study was to model if hydraulically suitable habitats for juvenile and spawning grayling could be created by morphological restoration alone in the Bjurfors Övre hydropower outlet channel in the Ume River Basin. The study was done by 2D modelling with HEC-RAS using hourly water flow and level data collected during the period 20160521-20161029. Suitable water depth and velocity values for larvae and spawning grayling were collected from literature. Environmental measures for the Bjurfors Övre outlet channel were designed based on the morphology in outlet channels with documented reproducing grayling populations and large habitat diversities. The outlet channel at present morphology and after morphological modifications were modelled at different flow scenarios (0-369m3/s) and areas of suitable water velocities and depths before and after proposed measures were compared. Results show that suitable velocity areas would increase with a factor of between 1,03-1,81 and the suitable depth areas with a factor of 2,34-19,09 and that suitable depths may be the major limiting factor in current conditions. Results also show that zero-flow events at Bjurfors Övre hydropower plant create unsuitable velocities for larvae and spawning grayling and that the frequency and duration of such events could be more limiting than the mere occurrence of such events. The study indicates that the morphological restoration in hydropeaking outlet channels could improve the availability of habitats with suitability water depth and velocity not only for larvae and spawning grayling, but for other lotic organisms. The study also showed that HEC-RAS modelling is a potential resource effective way to assess to what extent certain proposed environmental measures may create suitable water depths and velocities in hydropeaking outlet channels.