Esta dissertação reflete sobre as concepções de ensino, língua e gramática que podem nortear o trabalho do professor de Língua Portuguesa, bem como sobre as contribuições que os PCN trouxeram para ensino da língua materna, uma vez que ressaltaram a necessidade de se trabalhar o texto em sala de aula. Propõe-se um trabalho de análise de textos produzidos por alunos, que não considere somente as questões gramaticais, mas, principalmente, os aspectos linguístico-discursivos de que o aluno/autor já dispõe para compor seu texto. O maior objetivo desta pesquisa é desmistificar o preconceito presente na ideia de que o aluno de escola pública, por, na maioria das vezes, não dominar a norma padrão da língua, é incapaz de produzir textos coerentes e criativos. Além disso, mostrar que a qualificação de um texto como bom ou ruim está ligada aos critérios de análise que são utilizados. Para tal pesquisa, foi escolhido o gênero conto, e seu subgênero, o reconto. O motivo de tal escolha se deu pelo fato de os alunos mostrarem simpatia por esse gênero e já estarem familiarizados com ele / This essay thinks about educational, grammatical and language conceptions which can guide the teacher of Portuguese Language, also about the contributions brought by the PCN for the mother language teaching, since they highlighted the need of working with texts in the classroom. It is proposed an analysis of texts produced by students that not only considers the grammatical questions, but also and mainly, the linguistic-discursive aspects that a student/author already possesses in order to compose his text. This research's main objective is to demystify the residing prejudice on the idea that a public school student is incapable of producing coherent and creative texts just because, most of the time, he does not master the language's standards. Besides that, this works tries to demonstrate that a "good" or "bad" qualification of a text is connected to the used analysis criteria. For this research the chosen genre was the tale, and its subgenre, the "retelling". The justification for such a choice was the sympathy that students display for this genre, and the fact that they are already familiar with it

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:32:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_an_me_mar.pdf: 285112 bytes, checksum: f93334646ab0e139792f17a473ca7d56 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As estratégias de mediação utilizadas pelo mediador nas atividades de ensino favorecem o aprendizado do aluno. Dentre as diversas atividades que podem ser realizadas pelo mediador com seu aluno, destaca-se a atividade de recontar histórias. As estratégias de ensino que envolvem a elaboração da estrutura narrativa proporcionam o desenvolvimento linguístico do aluno, pois essa estrutura pode conectar elementos semânticos diversos e promover a construção de sentenças verticais e horizontais para a posterior elaboração do discurso narrativo. Torna-se fundamental a realização de estratégias de mediação que proporcione ao aluno sem oralidade o desenvolvimento dessas habilidades lingüísticas por meio de recursos comunicativos e/ou pedagógicos. Nesse sentido, o papel do mediador é de suma importância para utilizar estratégias de ensino eficazes e aliadas ao uso adequado dos recursos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em identificar e analisar as estratégias de mediação em atividades de reconto de histórias com alunos sem oralidade acometidos por paralisia cerebral. Participaram deste estudo sete sujeitos sendo três mediadoras e quatro alunos. As três mediadoras eram fonoaudiólogas que trabalhavam no Projeto de Comunicação Alternativa que estava inserido no setor de linguagem de uma universidade estadual paulista no qual atendiam os alunos selecionados para essa pesquisa. Os alunos não apresentavam oralidade, eram usuários de recurso suplementar e alternativo de comunicação e freqüentavam sala especial para deficientes físicos. Na coleta de dados, foi selecionada e adaptada uma história lúdica com cada aluno participante, para que todos eles pudessem realizar o reconto diante da mediação. As sessões das atividades de reconto foram filmadas e, posteriormente, transcritas, analisadas e discutidas. Os resultados indicaram a recorrência de nove... / The intercession strategies used by the mediator in the education activities are in favor of student’s learning. Among several activities that can done by the mediator with the students, the retelling stories is stand out. The learning strategies that involve the elaboration of the narrative structure provide the linguistic development of the student, because this structure can connect several semantic elements and provide the building of vertical and horizontal sentences to the further elaboration of the narrative speech. It’s essential to do intercession strategies that provide the no speaking student the development of these linguistics abilities through communicative and/or pedagogical tools. This way, the mediator hole is very important to use effective educational strategies and join to the correct use of these tools. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to identify and analyze the intercession strategies in retelling stories activities with no speaking students with cerebral palsy. Seven people participated in this study, three mediators and four students. The three mediators were speech and language therapists who worked in the “Projeto de Comunicação Alternativa”, placed in the language sector in a paulista public university, where they cared selected students to this research. The students didn’t speak. They used supplementary and alternative communication resource and attended special classes to physically handicapped person. On the data collection, it was selected and adapted a ludic story with each participating student, so that everyone could retell the story in front of the mediator. These retelling sessions were filmed and later transcripted, analyzed and discussed. The results showed nine intercession strategies which were used by all the mediators, used occasionally and according to the development of the students during the retelling. The strategies... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_alg_me_prud.pdf: 5189721 bytes, checksum: e04aec45b6143c501db176fdd5837d92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa As várias Chapeuzinhos Vermelhos: contos e recontos a partir das preferências de um 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental, desenvolvida no programa de Pós-Graduação – Mestrado em Educação – da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT-UNESP, na cidade de Presidente Prudente. Tal estudo, que está vinculado à linha de pesquisa “Processos formativos, ensino e aprendizagem” e ao Centro de Estudos em Leitura e Literatura Infantil e Juvenil (CELLIJ), é decorrente da inquietação e preocupação da pesquisadora quanto à maneira como os alunos compreendem suas leituras. Por isso, teve como principal objetivo analisar os contos de fadas sugeridos pelas crianças de um 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental e as relações entre paratextos, texto verbal, não verbal e estratégias de leitura. Assim, analisam-se três versões do conto de fadas Chapeuzinho Vermelho: Chapeuzinho Vermelho, na versão de Perrault, o que chamamos de clássico, Chapeuzinho Vermelho – uma aventura borbulhante, identificada como reconto, e Chapeuzinho Vermelho em uma versão resumida, a qual nomeamos de simplificado. Nesse sentido, os objetivos específicos foram: averiguar como os procedimentos para a escolha do livro implicam na compreensão; analisar se e como o texto verbal permite amplo envolvimento do leitor; verificar a função do texto não verbal nos títulos examinados e, por fim, verificar se e como os contos de fadas escolhidos possibilitam relações com estratégias de leitura. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola municipal de Presidente Prudente. Os procedimentos metodológicos ocorreram em dois momentos: no primeiro, utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário para conhecer o perfil e o interesse leitor em relação aos contos de fadas, quando se percebeu que os alunos se interessam pela leitura do gênero, porém, muitos desconhecem a estrutura do texto narrativo; ademais, praticam algum tipo de estratégia em suas leituras, mas não têm consciência disso. O segundo momento foi realizado a partir de uma roda de conversa, que buscou saber a forma de acesso dos discentes aos livros (em casa, na sala de leitura, na sala de aula ou em todos ou mais de um desses locais), além da confirmação dos discentes sobre o conto de fadas preferido. Com base nesses pontos, foi delimitado um corpus de análise, cujas obras foram analisadas levando-se em consideração os seguintes eixos temáticos: paratextos, texto não verbal, texto verbal e estratégias de leitura. Os resultados levaram a crer que as versões do conto clássico e o reconto oferecem maiores e melhores condições para que os alunos compreendam o texto e se motivem para lê-lo. Por outro lado, a versão simplificada não tem qualidade estética e depende de um planejamento do professor para que possa ser utilizada com ressalvas. Nesse sentido, reafirma-se a importância de os profissionais da educação conhecerem diferentes aspectos sobre o livro e sobre as estratégias de compreensão leitora, a fim de ensinar seus alunos a ler todas as partes do livro e se tornar críticos e autônomos. / This study demonstrates the results of the research “Several Little Red Riding Hood: tales and retellings from the preferences of a fourth year of elementary school”, developed by the Graduate Program – Master’s in education – from the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT – UNESP, in Presidente Prudente. This study, that is linked to the research line “Formative processes, teaching and learning” and to the Centro de Estudos em Leitura e Literatura Infantil e Juvenil (CELLIJ), resulting from the researcher’s uneasiness and concern in relation to the way the students understand their reading. Therefore, it aimed to analyze fairy tales suggested by fourth-grade children and the relationship between paratext, verbal text, non-verbal text and reading strategies. Thus, the fairy tale “Little Red Riding Hood” is analysed in three versions: “Little Red Riding Hood”, in Perrault’s version, that we name classic, “Little Red Riding Hood – A Bubbly Adventure”, that we name retelling and “Little Red Riding Hood” in an abbreviated version that we name simplified. In this sense, the specific objetives were: to ascertain how the procedures to choose the book implicate in the comprehension, to analyse if and how the verbal text permits the reader’s extensive involvement, to verify the non-verbal text function in the analysed titles and, finally, to ascertain if and how the chosen fairy tales allow relationship with the reading strategies. For this purpose, the research was developed in a municipally-run public school in Presidente Prudente. The methodological procedures occurred in two moments: first, it was used as instrument a questionnaire to know the reader’s profile and interest in relation to the fairy tales. It was noticed that the students are interested in reading this genre, however, many do not know the structure of narrative text; they practice some kind of strategy in their reading, but they do not have awareness about it. In a second moment, a conversation circle was done to ascertain the form of access of the students to the books (in their house, in reading rooms, in classrooms, in all these places or more than one of them), besides the student’s confirmation about their favorite fairy tale. From this, an analysis corpus was delimited, which titles were analyzed taking into account the following thematic axes: paratexts, verbal text, nonverbal text and reading strategies. The results led us to believe that the classic tale and the retelling versions offer major and better conditions for the students understand the text and motivate theirselves to read them. On the other hand, there is no aesthetic quality in the simplified version and it depends on the teacher´s planning to be used meticulously. In this regard, the importance of the education professionals knowing the aspects about the book and about the reading strategies is reaffirmed, in order to teach the students to read all the parts of the book and to become critics and autonomous.

Esta dissertação reflete sobre as concepções de ensino, língua e gramática que podem nortear o trabalho do professor de Língua Portuguesa, bem como sobre as contribuições que os PCN trouxeram para ensino da língua materna, uma vez que ressaltaram a necessidade de se trabalhar o texto em sala de aula. Propõe-se um trabalho de análise de textos produzidos por alunos, que não considere somente as questões gramaticais, mas, principalmente, os aspectos linguístico-discursivos de que o aluno/autor já dispõe para compor seu texto. O maior objetivo desta pesquisa é desmistificar o preconceito presente na ideia de que o aluno de escola pública, por, na maioria das vezes, não dominar a norma padrão da língua, é incapaz de produzir textos coerentes e criativos. Além disso, mostrar que a qualificação de um texto como bom ou ruim está ligada aos critérios de análise que são utilizados. Para tal pesquisa, foi escolhido o gênero conto, e seu subgênero, o reconto. O motivo de tal escolha se deu pelo fato de os alunos mostrarem simpatia por esse gênero e já estarem familiarizados com ele / This essay thinks about educational, grammatical and language conceptions which can guide the teacher of Portuguese Language, also about the contributions brought by the PCN for the mother language teaching, since they highlighted the need of working with texts in the classroom. It is proposed an analysis of texts produced by students that not only considers the grammatical questions, but also and mainly, the linguistic-discursive aspects that a student/author already possesses in order to compose his text. This research's main objective is to demystify the residing prejudice on the idea that a public school student is incapable of producing coherent and creative texts just because, most of the time, he does not master the language's standards. Besides that, this works tries to demonstrate that a "good" or "bad" qualification of a text is connected to the used analysis criteria. For this research the chosen genre was the tale, and its subgenre, the "retelling". The justification for such a choice was the sympathy that students display for this genre, and the fact that they are already familiar with it

Narration, or storytelling, is an important aspect of language. Narrative skills have practical and social importance; for example, children who tell good stories receive attention and approval from their peers. When children accurately recount events surrounding an injury or dispute, vital information is passed to parents and teachers. Additionally, early childhood narrative skills are moderately correlated with reading comprehension in primary grades. Because narration is socially and academically valued, language interventionists often address it. The research literature on narrative intervention has most often included school-aged participants and those with language or learning difficulties. Only a small number of studies have investigated narrative intervention with preschoolers, and the supporting evidence is suggestive rather than conclusive. Outcomes frequently targeted include narrative story grammar (e.g., character, problem, action, consequence) and general language outcomes (e.g., length of story, mean length of communication unit, and total number of words). Results have been generally positive; however, the methodological quality of studies is poor. Therefore, few firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of narrative interventions. Because of its potential and popularity, the effect of narrative intervention on a range of populations needs to be examined systematically through high quality research. This study evaluated the effects of a narrative intervention on story retelling and story generation using a multiple baseline design with five target participants. We delivered narrative intervention in a small group arrangement. Materials, activities, and instructor assistance were adjusted systematically within session to facilitate increasingly independent practice of story retells and personal story generations. Results suggest that narrative intervention improved participants' narrative retell and personal generation performance based on Index of Narrative Complexity (INC) scores. All five target participants made substantial gains in narrative retelling, demonstrated improved pre-intervention to post-intervention INC scores for personal generations, and these improvements maintained when assessed following a 2-week break. In addition, we documented growth in general language measures such as number of communication units, mean length of utterance, number of different words, and total number of words.

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to compare preschool children's comprehension of a story after either enacting the story or participating in an art project, and (b) to qualitatively describe the children's interactions during the more interactive story enactment instruction. Twenty children from two Head Start classrooms were told the stories as a class, and then participated in either an art project (AP) or story enactment (SE) in small groups. The children in each classroom each heard three stories followed by the AP condition, and three followed by the SE condition. The children's comprehension of the story was tested after the story was initially read, and again after the AP or SE by having the children participate in a joint retelling of the story in which the child was asked to fill in several pieces of information as the examiner told the story. Children's comprehension of the story was significantly better after receiving story enactment instruction than after art project instruction, although significant variability was present. Children's interactions during the story enactment were evaluated using a rubric. Children's participation varied from story to story. Smaller group sizes and repeated enactments were beneficial to most children's participation in the story.

The purpose of this study was to refine a rating procedure used to assess intermediate elementary school students' ability to orally retell what they had read from two expository passages. Oral retellings from 28 fourth grade students were tape-recorded and rated on two different occasions by each of 4 raters. A four-facet (passage, day of test administration, rater, and rating occasion) generalizability study was conducted using a partially nested design. The six largest sources of variability identified in the G-study included (a) students, (b) the student-by-day interaction, (c) the interaction of passage with rater (nested within student and day), (d) the student-by-day-by-occasion interaction, (e) the passage-by-raters (nested within students and day)-by-occasion interaction, and (f) the residual. A D-study was conducted to predict the values of the error variances and generalizability indices for both relative and absolute decisions. The results show how the error variance and the generalizability coefficients vary as a function of the number of passages, days of test administration, raters, and rating occasions. The results of the D study indicate that adding an extra reading day would produce a greater increase in reliability than asking the students to read more passages, or using more raters or more rating occasions. To achieve the greatest gain in generalizability, teachers should have students read at least two passages on at least two separate days and have their retelling rated by at least two raters and then compute a mean rating for each student averaged across the various passages, testing days, and raters.

No description available.

The following study is interested in questions of diversity and inclusiveness in Marissa Meyer's Lunar Chronicles, a tetralogy of best-selling young adult fairy tale revisions comprised of Cinder (2012), Scarlet (2013), Cress (2014), and Winter (2015). Scholars have expended significant energy defining the fairy tale, tracing its history and development, and analyzing 20th-century adult fairy tale revisions informed by second-wave feminism. However, little scholarly attention has been paid to young adult fairy tale revisions of the 21st Century and less still on The Lunar Chronicles. This study begins the work of filling that gap. Through a close reading of The Lunar Chronicles, I argue that Meyer's tetralogy is an influential, complex, and thematically comprehensive example of an ongoing shift away from feminist fairy tale revisions for adults toward young adult fairy tale revisions that focus on diversity and inclusiveness. My project begins with a chapter situating Meyer's work in the context of existing fairy tale scholarship and the burgeoning emphasis on diversity in contemporary American culture and young adult publishing. The following three chapters provide, respectively, a close reading of The Lunar Chronicles focused on racial identity, gender and sexuality, and disabilities. In showcasing more recent YA fairy tale retellings, the final chapter seeks to draw some tentative conclusions about the continuing importance of diversity and inclusiveness in an evolving genre of reimagined fairy tales for a young adult audience. / Master of Arts / In her bestselling young adult science fiction tetralogy The Lunar Chronicles (2012-2015), Marissa Meyers reimagines four classic fairy tales: "Cinderella" (Cinder), "Little Red Riding Hood" (Scarlet), "Rapunzel" (Cress), and "Snow White" (Winter). Meyer's work continues a tradition of revising traditional fairy tales. Disney's Princess franchise of reimagined fairy tales has essentially defined the genre for generations of American children, while Angela Carter's adult fairy tale revisions challenged its patriarchal orientation in the wake of second-wave feminism. In my detailed textual analysis of The Lunar Chronicles, I argue that Meyer's tetralogy is a relatively early, influential, and comprehensive example of a developing wave of specifically young adult fairy tale retellings that reflects a growing focus on issues of diversity and inclusiveness in 21st-century America. My project begins with a chapter that places Meyer's work in historical context, focusing on the development and definition of the fairy tale and presenting a brief overview of previous approaches to fairy tale revision. In the next three chapters, I analyze The Lunar Chronicles as it complicates questions of, respectively, race, gender and sexuality, and disability. My project concludes with a brief overview of young adult fairy tale retellings of the last decade, exploring how the genre continues to engage with questions of diversity and inclusiveness.

Η παρούσα εργασία θέτει ως βασικό ζητούμενο διερεύνησης τη μελέτη και την αποτίμηση της αφηγηματικής ικανότητας, όπως και τη χαρτογράφηση της εξέλιξής της κατά τη προσχολική (4-6) και πρωτοσχολική ηλικία (6-9). Επίσης, αναζητά το ενδεχόμενο η αφηγηματική ικανότητα των παιδιών να επηρεάζεται από κοινωνικομορφωτικούς παράγοντες. Η ερευνητική διαδικασία έλαβε χώρα το 2013 και στη διάρκειά της το δείγμα των συμμετεχόντων (εξήντα τέσσερις στο σύνολο) χωρίστηκε στις τέσσερις ηλικιακές ομάδες (προνήπια, νήπια, Α΄ και Γ΄ τάξης), οι οποίες αποτελούνται από δεκαέξι παιδιά (μισά αγόρια και μισά κορίτσια). Επίσης η διαμόρφωση των ομάδων των ομάδων εξυπηρετεί και τη μελέτη της επιρροής των κοινωνικομορφωτικών παραγόντων. Η ερευνητική διαδικασία πραγματοποιήθηκε σε δύο φάσεις. Στην πρώτη φάση όλοι οι συμμετέχοντες και των τεσσάρων ηλικιακών ομάδων διηγήθηκαν μια ιστορία. Στη δεύτερη φάση οι συμμετέχοντες νηπιακής ηλικίας και της Γ΄ τάξης του Δημοτικού αναδιηγήθηκαν μια ιστορία, αφού πρώτα είχαν παρακολουθήσει την ανάγνωσή της. Τα αφηγηματικά κείμενα των συμμετεχόντων ηχογραφήθηκαν και στη συνέχεια αναλύθηκαν με βάση τη μέθοδο της «Πυραμίδας των ιστοριών» (Curenton & Lucas, 2007). Η ανάλυση των εγγράμματων γλωσσικών στοιχείων και της λεξιλογικής ποικιλίας των αφηγήσεων των παιδιών παρουσιάζει την εξέλιξη στη χρήση του εκτενή λόγου από τους συμμετέχοντες, καθιστώντας τις αφηγήσεις τους γλωσσικά πολύπλοκες και σαφείς. Επίσης η ανάλυση των αφηγηματικών δεδομένων των συμμετεχόντων και των δύο φάσεων παρουσιάζει την εξέλιξη της αφηγηματικής τους ικανότητας, η οποία ακολουθεί στο μεγαλύτερο μέρος του δείγματος την ηλικιακή ωρίμανσή τους, όπως συμβαίνει και στην εξέλιξη της χρήσης του εκτενή λόγου. Συμπερασματικά, η παρούσα μελέτη παρουσιάζει μια ενθαρρυντική εικόνα για τους συμμετέχοντες της τάξης του νηπιαγωγείου και μια πολλά υποσχόμενη αναπτυξιακή πορεία για τα προνήπια του δείγματος. Όμως, τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας αναφορικά με την αφηγηματική ικανότητα των παιδιών που συμμετείχαν στην έρευνα της Α΄ τάξης του Δημοτικού εμφανίζουν μια μεταβατική εικόνα, η οποία χρήζει περαιτέρω διερεύνησης. Τέλος, τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας δείχνουν ότι οι αφηγήσεις των συμμετεχόντων της Γ΄ τάξης του Δημοτικού είναι σε μεγαλύτερο βαθμό γλωσσικά πολύπλοκες και σαφείς και αφηγηματικά καλά δομημένες, έναντι των μικρότερων ηλικιών. / The research which was carried out set as its fundamental objective the study and the assessment of narrative skill as well as the determination of its development during preschool(4-6) and first school (6-9) age. As sample of the research sixteen children were selected (eight boys and eight girls) for each of the four age-related groups: preschoolers, infants, A΄ and C΄ class of primary school. Based on discoveries of previous researches we wanted, also to examine the possibility that the narrating skill of children is affected by social-educational factors. For the investigation of this potential, half of the children from each age-related team belong to “social category 1”, that is to say both of their parents have a degree in tertiary education and the other half belong to “social category 2”, the parents of which are secondary or first degree education graduates. During the inquiring process all participants of all four age-related groups watched the silent movie of animated cartoons “The ugly duckling” and afterwards they told the story, which was recorded. Then, in a second phase of the research, the team of infants and of C’ class of primary school, were called to watch the narration of the book “All together in a blue couch” and afterwards to retell the story based on the pictures of the book, without the words of the writer. The retelling was recorded. The analysis of narrating data of children of both phases presents the development of narrating skill, which follows, in the bigger part of the sample, their age-related maturity. Simultaneously, however, it is also the development in the use of extended discourse by the participants, which renders their narrations linguistically complicated, explicit and narratively good structured. But the results of the research reveal also two extra elements that cause our reflection. First is the likely influence of social-educational factor mainly in the story structure and less in the language structure of the narrations of A΄ class of primary school students. The second is the declining tendency of the linguistic and narrating structure of the narrations of A΄ class primary school students. In conclusion, the present research supports that possibly the children of infant age, of the present research seem to present higher narrating skills than the A΄ class students and use it in their narrating texts, more extended than that of the A΄ class students. Finally, the evolutionary course of narrating skill is also confirmed by the narrations of the C΄ class of primary school participants, as well as the bigger and more frequent use of extended speech by children of this age.