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This dissertation details the development and applications of two innovative types of optical filament-based impulsive Raman spectroscopy: filament-assisted Raman spectroscopy (FAIRS) and spectral-to-temporal amplitude mapping polarization spectroscopy (STAMPS). These techniques provide complimentary vibrational and rotational information on molecular systems of interest. Both are powerful due to their impulsive nature which allows for rapid measurement of entire Raman spectra. However, each type of spectroscopy utilizes the filament in a different manner. The recently reported vibrational technique, referred to as filament-assisted impulsive Raman spectroscopy, employs the pulse shortening and continuum generation of filamentation to impulsively excite a massive vibrational coherence in a molecular system for simultaneous measurement of all the Raman-active modes. In the first half of this dissertation, FAIRS is further developed and applied to a plethora of signature molecules. Radioactive decay signature molecules, including nitrogen oxides, ozone, and ions are detected via FAIR spectroscopy. Concurrent generation and detection of ozone, ionic, and excited-state molecules through filamentation is reported for the first time. Production of these species through the strong field chemistry of filamentation and their subsequent filament-driven excitation is a mark of sensitivity of FAIRS. Spatial studies of combustion species in a natural gas flame are also presented. FAIRS monitors the Raman signal intensities of known reactants and products as a function of vertical flame position. The appearance of combustion products as a function of flame height is also tracked. Spectral fringes overlapping the Raman-active modes are present in all measurements and enable more sensitive detection of low signal intensity species. The results described illustrate the potential of FAIRS for threat sensing applications. The rotational technique, referred to as spectral-to-temporal amplitude mapping polarization spectroscopy, temporally chirps the spectral content of the white-light continuum generated during filamentation to map the transient rotational rivals that are impulsively excited by a short pump pulse. In the second half of this dissertation, the initial development and testing, followed by the applications of STAMPS are described. STAMPS proves successful in mapping the rotational wavepacket rephasing of simple linear molecules, including nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, as well as the more complicated asymmetric top molecules, ethylene and methanol. The application of STAMPS to the detection of nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide, which are considered signatures of multiple threat substances and events, is demonstrated. A pressure study of nitrous oxide reveals dephasing effects as a function of time and pressure. These preliminary results also indicate the potential of STAMPS for hazard sensing applications. / Chemistry

Summaries in German and English. / Die vorliegende MTh-Dissertation ist eine missionsgeschichtliche Untersuchung. Sie beschäftigt sich mit der Entstehung der Erweckung in Wales (1904/05), indem sie diese zunächst in den Kontext weltweiter Erweckungen in jenem Jahrzehnt setzt, die gesellschaftlichen und kirchlichen Entwicklungen in Wales vor der Erweckung darstellt und anhand von Primär- und Sekundärliteratur die Entstehung der Erweckung untersucht. Es werden biografische Meilensteine im Leben von Evan Roberts, der herausragenden Persönlichkeit jener Erweckung, bis zum Höhepunkt seines Wirkens nach seiner ersten Missionsreise kritisch beleuchtet. Menschen aus der Schweiz sind nach Wales gereist, um die Erweckung zu erkunden. Parallel zu den Ereignissen sind zahlreiche Artikel und Schriften entstanden, um eine Erweckung in der Schweiz anzufachen. Die Arbeit untersucht die Auswirkungen der Erweckung von Wales auf die deutschsprachige Schweiz und deren Rezeption im historischen Kontext. Aus den Quelltexten wird in missiologischer Perspektive eine wegweisende Richtung für heute eröffnet. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Throughout the world, languages are becoming extinct at an alarming rate. Perhaps half of the 6,000-7,000 languages worldwide will go extinct in the next 50-100 years. One of these dying languages, Chinook Jargon or Chinuk Wawa, a language found in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, is in the process of being revitalized through the concerted efforts of the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde (CTGR). Reasons to revitalize endangered languages often seem irrelevant to our modern daily lives, and revitalizing these languages is a difficult process requiring much dedication, commitment, and persistence. In light of this significant struggle, understanding people's motivations could contribute to a better understanding of how to involve more people in language revitalization. Ideally, such an understanding would contribute to strengthening a community's efforts to revitalize their language. This exploratory, ethnographic case study explores the motivations of eight participants in the Portland Chinuk Wawa language community involved in revitalizing Chinuk Wawa over a nine-month period in 2011. The results of the study showed that seven major themes of motivation were prevalent for the participants: connections made through Chinuk Wawa, preservation of Chinuk Wawa, relationships, instrumental motivation, affective motivation, identity motivation, and demotivation.

Le mouvement de la spécialisation du droit des biens révèle toute la richesse de cette discipline.Plus précisément, la spécialisation du droit des biens suscite de nombreux troubles et apporte de profonds enrichissements au droit commun des biens.La spécialisation du droit des biens cause de nombreux bouleversements au sein du droit commun des biens. D’une part, la métamorphose de l’objet du droit des biens se manifeste parl’inflation de nouvelles richesses notamment au travers de l’émergence de nouvelles valeurs etde nouveaux biens. D’autre part, l’étude de la spécialisation du droit des biens a conduit àconfronter logiquement ces nouvelles valeurs et ces nouveaux biens aux catégories existantes ausein du Code civil, ce qui n’a pas manqué de mettre en évidence des difficultés d’insertion dansle Code civil notamment à travers la quête ardue de modes de protection. Ce phénomène de« spécialisation du droit des biens » apparaît et se traduit parfaitement à travers le fourmillementde droits qui existe aujourd’hui à l’extérieur du Code civil. Dès lors une métaphore se dessinecelle d’un atome où une multitude d’électrons gravitent autour de leur noyau.Par ailleurs, la spécialisation du droit des biens s’affirme comme une source de régénérescencedu droit commun des biens. L’incessante confrontation entre la spécialisation du droit des bienset le droit commun des biens révèle de profondes interactions. D’une part, la spécialisation dudroit des biens va participer au renouvellement des notions de bien et de patrimoine qui irriguentle Code civil. D’autre part, la lecture de la spécialisation du droit des biens à travers le prisme dela propriété et des droits réels contenus dans le Code civil a suscité la renaissance des principesféconds posés par le Code civil qui s’avèrent transposables aux nouvelles richesses.L’articulation du « droit spécial des biens » et du droit commun des biens démontrel’extraordinaire plasticité des principes directeurs du Code civil, témoignant par là des fabuleuxressorts que concentre toujours aujourd’hui le Code civil. Le dynamisme de ce mécanismerévèle l’infinie richesse de leur collaboration.La spécialisation du droit des biens se présente tour à tour comme un mouvement comportantdes dispositions dérogatoires au droit commun mais encore des dispositions créatrices de droitcommun. / The movement of the specialization of the law of the properties reveals all the wealth of this discipline.More exactly, the specialization of the law of the properties arouses numerous disorders and brings profound enrichments to the common law of the properties.This phenomenon of « specialization of the law of the properties » appears and is perfectly translated through the swarming of rights which exists outside of the civil code today. From then on a metaphor is outlined that of an atom where a multitude of electrons revolves around their nucleus.The joint of « the special law of the properties » and of the common law of the properties demonstrates the extraordinary plasticity of the guiding principles of the civil code, showing there fabulous springs which concentrates always today the civil code.