Mémoire d'orthophonie : Médecine : Nancy 1 : 2009. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.

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This Master's thesis was written to create the extension for an experimental rendering engine CSSBox about scripting support in JavaScript language. In the theoretical section the thesis describes the architecture of the rendering engine and introduces problems of the scripting in HTML documents according to the recommended HTML 5 specification. This thesis deals with thorough analysis of existing scripting engines and their interfaces, which could be used for the extension implementation. Depending on the knowledge gained from the previous parts this thesis focuses only on the scripting engine Rhino and introduces an abstract design of its integration into the CSSBox project. At the end it evaluates the reliability and efficiency of the implemented functionalities and considers possibilities of their further development.

Wir untersuchten die Wirkung von Botulinumtoxin Typ A auf die Sekretion der Speicheldrüsen an 33 an Hypersalivation leidenden Patienten. Die Speicheldrüsen werden sowohl durch sympatische als auch parasympathische Nervenfasern innerviert. Eine selektive und reversible Blockade der parasympathischen Erregung kann mittels Botulinumtoxin erfolgen. Nach intraglandulärer Applikation des Neurotoxins konnten wir an Hand regelmäßig entnommener Speichelproben den Einfluss von Botulinumtoxin Typ A auf die Speichelinhaltsstoffe nachvollziehen. Bei 78 % der Patienten konnte eine Reduktion der Speichelsekretion nachgewiesen werden. Durchschnittlich hielt die Speichelreduktion über 3,3 Monate an. Nur 5 von 33 Patienten berichteten uns von kurzzeitigen unerwünschten Wirkungen. Somit stellt Botulinumtoxin Typ A eine wenig invasive, schmerz- und nebenwirkungsarme Alternative zu bisher genutzten Therapiemöglichkeiten der Hypersalivation dar.

FAD * for Stadsgårdskajen Re-introduction of some of the knowledge from the master builder to the contemporary architect. This project investigates the interaction between designing architecture and building architecture in a computer controlled context. Algorithms have been developed to simulate and control an automated in situ brick stacking process. Brick laying is a well researched topic for robotic processes. It is an ideal material for building with robots (in Stockholm) since it is a generic building block that is cheap and easy to produce locally. Corbeled vaults, instead of keystone vaults, can be built without support and with all identical elements and are therefore also suitable for robotic fabrication.  The algorithms have been incorporated in a parametric model that have been used to develop public building at Stadsgårdskajen, Stockholm. FAD is about creating and explore a different architectural expression as well as reintroducing the brick as a relevant construction material for Stockholm. / FAD* för Stadsgårdskajen Återinförande av några av byggmästarens förmågor till den samtida arkitekten I detta examensarbete undersöks förhållandet mellan att designa arkitektur och att bygga arkitektur i en datorkontrollerad miljö. Algoritmer har utarbetats för att simulera och styra en automatiserad in situ murningsprocess. Inom fabrikation och automatisering med industrirobotar är tegelband ett välundersökt ämne. Tegel är ett idealiskt material vid byggande med robotar. Det är enkelt och billigt att framställa och tegel som byggkloss är en lämplig typologi för addativ fabrikation med robotar. Valv byggda genom utkragning istället för traditionella valvbågar kan byggas utan stöd och med identiska element. Därför är denna byggnadsteknik även lämplig för additiv fabrikation med robotoar. Algoritmerna har intergrerats i en parametrisk modell som har använts för att formge en offentlig byggnad på Stadsgårdskajen i Stockholm. FAD handlar såväl om skapande och utforskande av ett nytt arkitekturspråk som av återinförande av tegel som ett betydelsefullt konstruktionsmaterial i Stockholm.

There are different ways to store and process large amount of data. Hadoop iswidely used, one of the most popular platforms to store huge amount of dataand process them in parallel. While storing sensitive data, security plays animportant role to keep it safe. Security was not that much considered whenHadoop was initially designed. The initial use of Hadoop was managing largeamount of public web data so confidentiality of the stored data was not anissue. Initially users and services in Hadoop were not authenticated; Hadoop isdesigned to run code on a distributed cluster of machines so without properauthentication anyone could submit code and it would be executed. Differentprojects have started to improve the security of Hadoop. Two of these projectsare called project Rhino and Project Sentry [1].Project Rhino implements splittable crypto codec to provide encryptionfor the data that is stored in Hadoop distributed file system. It also developsthe centralized authentication by implementing Hadoop single sign on whichprevents repeated authentication of the users accessing the same services manytimes. From the authorization point of view Project Rhino provides cell-basedauthorization for Hbase [2].Project Sentry provides fine-grained access control by supporting role-basedauthorization which different services can be bound to it to provide authorizationfor their users [3].It is possible to combine security enhancements which have been done inthe Project Rhino and Project Sentry to further improve the performance andprovide better mechanisms to secure Hadoop.In this thesis, the security of the system in Hadoop version 1 and Hadoopversion 2 is evaluated and different security enhancements are proposed, consideringsecurity improvements made by the two aforementioned projects, ProjectRhino and Project Sentry, in terms of encryption, authentication, and authorization.This thesis suggests some high-level security improvements on theCentralized authentication system (Hadoop Single Sign on) implementationmade by Project Rhino.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the current South African regulatory framework related to the illegal trade in wildlife, provides the means to regulate the illegal trade in rhino horn effectively. In an effort to combat and eradicate the illegal trade in wild species and parts therein, South Africa has enacted numerous laws and it has ratified various international conservation Conventions. However, with more than 800 rhinos having been killed in 2013 alone, it is doubtful whether these laws and conventions are adequate. The first chapter is an introductory chapter summarising the latest statistics on rhinos fatalities as a result of poaching, an estimate on their numbers as well giving a brief overview of what laws and conventions will be discussed in this study. In the second chapter the historical development of the trade in rhino horn is dissected, who the culprits are and the reason why rhinos are poached for their horn. The third chapter analyses international conventions that have been adopted by South Africa, including conventions such as the Convention on International Trade in Enangered Species, the Convention on Biological Diversity and agreements such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The fourth chapter will focus more on the regional contributions which the African Union and Southern African Developing Community have made in an effort to combat the illegal trade in endangered species and their products such as rhino. The fifth and final chapter discusses South African legislation which comprises of the National Environmental Management Act, National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act, National Environmental Management Protected Areas Act and the Criminal Procedure Act so as to determine what influence it has had in the effort to regulate the illegal trade in rhino horn. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the South African regulatory framework on paper is indeed adequate enough to regulate and even eradicate the illegal trade in rhino horn. The reason, however, for it’s currently failure is attributable to a lack of enforcement of these measures as a result of a lack of provisions holding entities accountable. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the current South African regulatory framework related to the illegal trade in wildlife, provides the means to regulate the illegal trade in rhino horn effectively. In an effort to combat and eradicate the illegal trade in wild species and parts therein, South Africa has enacted numerous laws and it has ratified various international conservation Conventions. However, with more than 800 rhinos having been killed in 2013 alone, it is doubtful whether these laws and conventions are adequate. The first chapter is an introductory chapter summarising the latest statistics on rhinos fatalities as a result of poaching, an estimate on their numbers as well giving a brief overview of what laws and conventions will be discussed in this study. In the second chapter the historical development of the trade in rhino horn is dissected, who the culprits are and the reason why rhinos are poached for their horn. The third chapter analyses international conventions that have been adopted by South Africa, including conventions such as the Convention on International Trade in Enangered Species, the Convention on Biological Diversity and agreements such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The fourth chapter will focus more on the regional contributions which the African Union and Southern African Developing Community have made in an effort to combat the illegal trade in endangered species and their products such as rhino. The fifth and final chapter discusses South African legislation which comprises of the National Environmental Management Act, National Environmental Management Biodiversity Act, National Environmental Management Protected Areas Act and the Criminal Procedure Act so as to determine what influence it has had in the effort to regulate the illegal trade in rhino horn. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the South African regulatory framework on paper is indeed adequate enough to regulate and even eradicate the illegal trade in rhino horn. The reason, however, for it’s currently failure is attributable to a lack of enforcement of these measures as a result of a lack of provisions holding entities accountable. / LLM (Import and Export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Architecture (Professional) to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017 / In light of an increasing scientific and social focus on unsustainable human practices, mankind’s dominant relationship with the natural world is now being challenged. Few phenomena demonstrate this destructive relationship better than the growing number of animals being driven to extinction through human actions. The most notable of these, within the South African context, is the devastation of rhinoceros populations caused by illegal poaching, particularly in the Kruger National Park. In dealing with this issue, we have a unique opportunity to embody and catalyse a sustainable paradigm shift. Such a shift would seek to transition mankind into a symbiotic rather than parasitic relationship with the natural world. It would promote the use of cutting edge technologies for the benefit both human and non-human actors, breaking down the separation between man and nature. The resultant hybridised ecosystem would stand as an exemplary manifestation of the long theorised ‘cyborg’ entity, not as individual, but as a new form of habitat and, ultimately, societal organisation. Contextualising such a ‘Cyborgian Nexus’ as a solution to the scourge of rhino poaching is the chief subject of this research report. The Matsulu Centre for Rhino Defense is proposed as a Connected Conservation Centre in the disadvantaged Matsulu community, bordering the Kruger National Park. Its aim is to be the heart of a sophisticated system of cutting edge technologies which allow park rangers to overcome the poaching threat. Through its program as well as its architecture, the project aims to become a recognizable icon of a new relationship between man and nature. One in which human innovation allows for the natural world and the human world to coexist sustainably to the mutual benefit of both. / GR2017

Auditorische Synaptopathien verursachen sensorineurale Schwerhörigkeit unterschiedlicher Ausprägung. Dabei sind sowohl erworbene, als auch angeborene Formen bekannt. Eine häufige Form ist die rezessive, nichtsyndromale Taubheitsform DFNB9, die auf einer Mutation des für Otoferlin kodierenden Gens beruht. Otoferlin ist ein Transmembranprotein, das essentiell für die stimulusabhängige Transmitterausschüttung an der Bändersynapse der Haarzellen ist . Um die Prognose von Patienten mit auditorischen Synaptopathien einschätzen zu können, ist es wichtig, den zeitlichen Verlauf der neuronalen Degeneration zu kennen. Aufgrund des Fehlens von protektiven Mittelohr und olivocochleären Reflexen könnte zusätzlich eine erhöhte Lärmempfindlichkeit bestehen, die einen frühen Verlust der Funktion der äußeren Haarzellen begünstigen wurde. Wir haben Otoferlin-Knockout-Mäuse im Alter von 6 Tagen bis 12 Monaten untersucht und die Funktion des Corti-Organs mittels Hirnstammaudiometrie und Messung der otoakustischen Emissionen getestet. In immunhistochemischen Färbungen von Corti-Organ Präparaten wurde die Degeneration von inneren und äußeren Haarzellen, Bändersynapsen und Spiralganglienneuronen beobachtet. Weiterhin wurden bei 2 Monate alten Otoferlin-Knockout-Mäusen die Auswirkungen eines leichten oder schweren Lärmtraumas quantifiziert. Wir beobachteten bei den Mutanten eine frühere und schnellere Degeneration der inneren und äußeren Haarzellen, insbesondere in der basalen Windung der Kochlea. Die Lärmtraumaversuche zeigten keinen Unterschied in der Empfindlichkeit von Otoferlin-Knockout-Mäusen und Wildtyp-Kontrollen, so dass die Ursache des Haarzellverlustes ungeklärt bleibt. Die Zahl der Bändersynapsen war ab Beginn des Hörens auf die Hälfte reduziert und blieb dann konstant, dennoch waren Spiralganglienneurone auch bei 12 Monate alten Tieren kaum reduziert. Das lässt auf einen relativ langen Erhalt des Hörnerven schließen Wir beschrieben hier zum ersten Mal die Degeneration des Corti-Organs in Otoferlin-Knockout-Mäusen. Gleichzeitig erfolgte die systematische Quantifizierung der synaptischen Degeneration von C57BL/6-Mäusen im Zusammenhang mit deren Altersschwerhörigkeit.