Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-05T13:02:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Ana Paula Carvalho Magalh?es.pdf: 895321 bytes, checksum: 5c79ed9139248935b594927ccbd21bb4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T13:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Ana Paula Carvalho Magalh?es.pdf: 895321 bytes, checksum: 5c79ed9139248935b594927ccbd21bb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-27 / The aim of this work was evaluate the internal and external quality of table eggs (unfertile) with or without microfissures, packed in conventional cardboard pulps or with plastic films (PVC), and stored for one or 14 days. Were used 160 white table eggs of Light Layers (Hy line-W36), collected in four different periods. Each fifteen days, 40 eggs from the same portion, separated by weight (between 52 and 58 grams), and selected according with the shell integrity, were classified as fissured or not fissured, by macroscopic visualization (twenty eggs per category). The evaluations that the present work handles, were carried out in the 1st and in the 14th day, after the laying, respectively. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with factorial arrangement (2x2x 2). The variables studied were: Haugh Unit (UH), yolk index (YI), albumen index (AI), Yolk pH (YpH), pH albumen (pHA), fungus incidence (FI), shell percentage (SP), shell thickness (ST) and air chamber (AC). There was effect (P<0.05) of the shell integrity on the SP and FI. Was observed an increase (P<0.05) in the SP to the eggs without fissure when compares to those with fissures, probably because of the higher water loss, promoted by the fissures. For the results of FI it was seen that there was a decrease (P<0.05) on fungus values to the eggs without shell fissure in relation to the fissured eggs. It was observed effect (P<0.05) of the packaging type on the variables UH and TS, with higher results seen in these variables when eggs were revested by PVC film. The time storage influenced (P<0.05) the UH, AC, YpH, ApH, YI and AI. Presenting higher results for (UG, YI and AI), and lower results for (AC, YpH, ApH) in the first day of storage.There was interaction of the packaging type time X of storage, when the eggs aconditionated in open packaging for 14th days presented higher values for fungus incidence, due to environment exposition and excess of humidity, allowing proliferation of these microorganisms. / Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de se avaliar a qualidade interna e externa de ovos de mesa ?ntegros de casca ou com microfissuras, em embalagens convencionais de polpas de papel?o ou cobertos com filmes pl?sticos (PVC), armazenados por um ou 14 dias. Foram utilizados 160 ovos de mesa (inf?rteis) brancos, de poedeiras da linhagem Hy line- W36, coletados em 4 ?pocas diferentes. Quinzenalmente 40 ovos, provenientes sempre do mesmo lote foram separados por peso (entre 52 e 58 gramas ) para comporem os diversos tratamentos em igualdade de peso, no conjunto. Vinte desses ovos foram selecionados tamb?m de acordo com a integridade da casca, classificados como fissurados, por visualiza??o macrosc?pica e os restantes constitu?dos de casca integra. De cada uma dessas categorias descritas acima, 10 ovos foram acondicionados em embalagens de polpa de papel?o revestida por filme pl?stico (PVC) e os outros 10 no mesmo tipo de embalagem por?m sem filme de cobertura. As avalia??es de que trata o objetivo do presente trabalho, foram realizadas no 1? e no 14? dia ap?s a postura, respectivamente, com metade dos ovos de cada uma das embalagens citadas.O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (2x2x2): 2 tipos de integridade de casca x 2 tipos de embalagens x 2 per?odos de armazenamento com 4 repeti??es cada um. As vari?veis estudadas foram: Unidade Haugh (UH), indice de gema (IG), indice de alb?mem (IA), pH gema (pHG), pH alb?mem (pHA), incid?ncia de fungos (IC), porcentagem de casca (PC), espessura de casca (EC) e tamanho da c?mara de ar (CA). Foi observado efeito significativo (P<0,05) da integridade da casca sobre as vari?veis PC e IC. Houve aumento significativo (P<0,05) na PC dos ovos sem fissura em rela??o aos ovos com fissuras, provavelmente decorrente da maior perda de ?gua, promovida pelas fissuras. Para os valores de IC, observou-se que houve decr?scimo de fungos na casca dos ovos sem fissura em rela??o aos ovos fissurados. Foi observado efeito (P<0,05) do tipo de embalagem sobre as vari?veis UH e EC, com maiores valores observados nessa variaveis quando revestidas por filme de PVC. P?de ser observado tamb?m, efeito (P<0,05) do tempo de armazenamento sobre as vari?veis UH, CA, pHG, pHA, IG e IA. Apresentando maiores valores para (UH, IG e IA) e menores valores para (CA, pHG e pHA) no 1? dia de armazenamento. Houve intera??o do tipo de embalagem X tempo de armazenamento, quando nos ovos acondicionados por 14 dias e embalagem aberta apresentaram maior contamina??o de fungos devido sua exposi??o ao ambiente e ao excesso de umidade, permitindo assim uma maior prolifera??o desses microoganismos.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-05T14:54:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Samuel_Ribeiro_Passos.pdf: 16768295 bytes, checksum: 38c2614ad26085e9a101652551af84b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T14:54:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Samuel_Ribeiro_Passos.pdf: 16768295 bytes, checksum: 38c2614ad26085e9a101652551af84b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / The increasing demand for biological processes alternative, environmentally friendly and efficient in converting lignocellulosic material, expanding their application potential for agribusiness, motivates researches worldwide. Thus, organisms isolated in nature, in specific ecosystems, become increasingly important because of their physiological and metabolic diversity, which gives them a great potential in the development of biotechnological processes of interest to society. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial community associated with the intestinal tract of millipede Trigoniulus corallinus and bioprospecting for microorganisms with cellulolytic capacity. The millipedes were collected and incubated with litter in diets of grass (Paspalum notatum) and ?sabia? (Mimosa caesalpinifolia). Sampling occurred at 15, 30, 45, and 75 days of incubation. The intestinal tract of five individuals was removed, sectioned the posterior third, processed and stored in ultrasound. DNA from microbes associated with the intestinal tract, litter and coprolite was extracted, and DGGE analysis using 16S rDNA, DGGE group actinomycetes, and it was evaluated the presence of nifH genes. The 16s gene analysis by DGGE revealed a microbial diversity conditioned by the diet offered to 45 days. After this period, this effect was no longer visible. The community associated with coprolites and the type of litter was distributed in separate clusters of samples from the intestinal tract. This effect was not observed in the community assessment of actinomycetes, where the big difference for division of groups was the diet. The animals fed on grass litter showed a diverse community, and they were not influenced by time or compartmentalization. The samples associated with litter and coprolites were 80% similar to samples from the intestinal tract. In millipedes fed with material form Mimosa caesalpinifolia, the result was different, the samples of litter and coprolites where 50% similar to the intestinal tract. All samples had nifH genes detected by polymerase chain reaction. Samples collected at 45 days were also inoculated in mineral minimum medium of Busnell-Hass added carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) as sole carbon source. Colonies were evaluated for their ability to breakdown cellulose enzyme and 15 had an index greater than 1. The isolate that showed the highest rate (3.65) was subjected to further analysis. The microscope observation suggested that this was not an isolated but a complex of microorganisms acting on the degradation of cellulose. There is evidence of BNF in the intestinal tract of the millipede and microorganisms proliferated in CMC through the proper amplification of nifH genes and proliferation in medium within nitrogen. The community of prokaryotes was influenced by the diet offered to the community up to 45 days, and the actinomycetes community was conditioned by the diet. It was possible to isolate microorganisms and complexes of microorganisms with cellulolytic capacity, with great potential in the search for environmentally friendly technologies in generating agrobioenergy. / A crescente demanda por processos biol?gicos alternativos, ambientalmente favor?veis e eficientes na transforma??o de material ligninocelul?sico, ampliando seu potencial de aplica??o agroindustrial, estimula pesquisas em todo o mundo. Assim, microrganismos isolados na natureza, em ecossistemas espec?ficos, tornam-se cada vez mais importantes pela sua diversidade metab?lica e fisiol?gica, que lhes confere grande potencialidade no desenvolvimento de processos biotecnol?gicos de interesse ? sociedade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a comunidade microbiana associada ao trato intestinal do dipl?pode Trigoniulus corallinus e a bioprospec??o de microrganismos com capacidade celulol?tica. Os dipl?podes foram coletados e incubados em dietas com serrapilheira de grama batatais (Paspalum notatum) e sabi? (Mimosa caesalpinifolia). As amostragens aconteceram aos 15, 30, 45 e 75 dias de incuba??o. O trato intestinal de cinco indiv?duos foi removido e seccionado o ter?o posterior tratado em ultrasom e estocado. Procedeu-se a extra??o de DNA da microbiota associada ao trato intestinal, serrapilheira e copr?lito, com an?lise por DGGE utilizando o gene 16S rDNA, DGGE para grupo actinomicetos e avalia??o da presen?a de genes nifH. A an?lise do gene 16s por DGGE revelou diversidade microbiana condicionada pela dieta oferecida at? os 45 dias. Ap?s este per?odo o efeito n?o foi mais vis?vel. A comunidade associada aos copr?litos e ao tipo de serrapilheira distribui-se em grupamentos separados das amostras oriundas do trato intestinal. O mesmo n?o foi observado na avalia??o da comunidade de actinomicetos, onde o grande diferencial para divis?o de grupos foi a dieta. Os animais alimentados com serrapilheira de grama mostraram uma comunidade diversa e n?o influenciada pelo tempo ou compartimentaliza??o. As amostras associadas ? serrapilheira e aos copr?litos foram 80% similares ?s do trato intestinal. Nos dipl?podes alimentados com sabi?, o resultado foi diferente, sendo as amostras de serrapilheira e copr?litos 50% similares ?s do trato intestinal. Todas as amostragens tiveram genes nifH detectados via PCR. Amostras coletadas aos 45 dias foram tamb?m inoculadas em meio mineral m?nimo de Busnell-Hass adicionado de carboxi-metil-celulose (CMC) como ?nica fonte de carbono. Os microrganismos isolados foram avaliados quanto ? capacidade de degrada??o de celulose e 15 apresentaram ?ndice enzim?tico maior que 1. O isolado com o maior ?ndice (3,65) foi alvo de outras an?lises. A visualiza??o em microsc?pio sugeriu que n?o se tratava de um isolado e sim de um complexo de microrganismos atuando na degrada??o da celulose. H? evidencias de FBN no trato intestinal do dipl?pode e microrganismos proliferados em meio CMC pela boa amplifica??o de genes nifH e prolifera??o em meio com aus?ncia de nitrog?nio. A comunidade de procariotos foi influenciada pela dieta oferecida at? os 45 dias e a comunidade de actinomicetos foi condicionada em fun??o da dieta. Foram isolados microrganismos e complexos de microrganismos com capacidade celulol?tica, com grande potencial para a busca de tecnologias ambientalmente sustent?veis na gera??o de agrobioenergia.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-20T16:10:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Cristiane Alves Foga?a.pdf: 2979226 bytes, checksum: 16723accb45fe9477013bff730b4755d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T16:10:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Cristiane Alves Foga?a.pdf: 2979226 bytes, checksum: 16723accb45fe9477013bff730b4755d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-04 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ, FAPERJ, Brasil. / The present study aimed to evaluate some limiting factors to the growth of Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. australis (Australian red cedar). In chapter I, it was evaluated the growth of Toona ciliata seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (FMAs), Acaulospora laevis, A. morrowiae, Entrophospora colombiana, E. contigua, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus clarum, Scutellospora calospora, S. gilmorei, S. heterogama e S. pellucida. In chapter II, it was evaluated the contents and accumulations of nutrients in Australian red cedar seedlings, submitted the complete solution, diluted solution 1/2 and 1/4. In chapter III, it was verified the symptoms of macronutrients deficiency, nutrients contents and accumulations in the Australian red cedar plants submitted the complete solution with omission of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Chapter IV, it was observed the reply of the species the aluminum presence, using treatments with complete solution diluted the 1/4 with addition of 0, 5 and 20 mg. L-1 de Al. Between AMF tested, A. morrowiae, E. contigua e S. pellucida were most efficient in promoting the accumulation of dry weight of aerial part, development of the area leaf and phosphorous content on leaf in Toona ciliata seedlings, beyond presenting the biggest densities of esporos.50 cm-3 of substrate. And the biggest incidence of mycorrhizae settling in Toona ciliata seedlings was gotten with the species S. pellucida. The behavior of the species in reply to the use of nutritional solutions complete and diluted 1/2 and 1/4, showed that the biggest increment in height, diameter and dry weight had occurred in plants submitted at diluted solution the 1/4. The macronutrients contents and accumulations in Australian red cedar plants presented the following decreasing order: N > K > Ca > P > Mg. With regard to nutritional deficiency it verified that the omission of K was the one that more affected the development of the plant in height. The limitation in the increment stem diameter of the plants occurred in all the treatments, with exception of the complete solution. The production of total weight dry of the plants was affected in all the treatments with omission of nutrients, in according the following decreasing order: Complete Solution > - P > - Mg > - N > - K > - Ca. The initial growth of Toona ciliata seedlings was affected by the omission of all the macronutrients, having been the similar symptoms with the symptoms of other species of the same family. The immediate damages most intense and had been observed in the omission of K and Ca. Thus, the Toona ciliata species demonstrated to be demanding in macronutrients in the following decreasing order: K > N > Mg > Ca > P. The reply of the species the aluminum presence demonstrated that the growth, nutrient content and accumulation in Australian red cedar plants were stimulated in the presence of 5mg.L-1 of aluminum. The addition of 20 mg.L-1 de Al reduced the growth of the plants and macronutrients accumulation, in the following decreasing order: Ca > Mg > N > P > K. The visual symptoms of fitotoxicity had been typical to this element, beyound of the leaf with intense green coloration progressing for the yellow; the leaves oldest had progressed for yellow-brown, the edges to the limb center; and curving of new leaves. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar alguns fatores limitantes ao crescimento de Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. australis (cedro-australiano). No cap?tulo I, avaliou-se o crescimento de mudas de cedro-australiano inoculadas com fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMAs), Acaulospora laevis, A. morrowiae, Entrophospora colombiana, E. contigua, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus clarum, Scutellospora calospora, S. gilmorei, S. heterogama e S. pellucida. No cap?tulo II, foram avaliados os teores e ac?mulos de nutrientes em mudas de cedro-australiano, submetidas ? solu??o nutritiva de Hoagland & Arnon modificada, completa, dilu?da a 1/2 e a 1/4 de for?a i?nica. No cap?tulo III, verificou-se os sintomas de defici?ncia de macronutrientes, teores e ac?mulos de nutrientes nas plantas de cedroaustraliano crescidas em solu??o nutritiva com omiss?o de N, P, K, Ca e Mg. No Cap?tulo IV, observou-se a resposta da esp?cie estudada na presen?a de alum?nio, empregando tratamentos com solu??o nutritiva dilu?da a 1/4 com adi??o de 5 e 20 mg.L-1 de Al, al?m de uma testemunha Entre os fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares testados, A. morrowiae, E. contigua e S. pellucida foram os mais eficientes em promover o ac?mulo de mat?ria seca da parte a?rea, desenvolvimento da ?rea foliar e teor de f?sforo foliar em mudas de Toona ciliata, al?m de apresentarem as maiores densidades de esporos por 50 cm3 de substrato. A maior coloniza??o micorr?zica em mudas de Toona ciliata foi obtida com a esp?cie f?ngica S. pellucida. O comportamento da esp?cie em resposta ao emprego de solu??es nutritivas completas, dilu?da a 1/2 e 1/4, mostrou que o maior incremento em altura, di?metro e mat?ria seca ocorreram em plantas submetidas ? solu??o dilu?da a 1/4. Os teores e ac?mulos de macronutrientes em plantas de cedro-australiano seguiram a seguinte ordem decrescente: N > K > Ca > P > Mg. Com rela??o ? defici?ncia nutricional, verificou-se que a omiss?o de K foi a que mais afetou o crescimento em altura. A limita??o no crescimento em di?metro do coleto das plantas ocorreu em todos os tratamentos, com exce??o da solu??o de Hoagland & Arnon. A produ??o de massa seca total das plantas foi afetada em todos os tratamentos com omiss?o de nutrientes, obedecendo ? seguinte ordem decrescente: Completo> -P > -Mg > -N > -K > -Ca. O crescimento inicial de mudas de Toona ciliata ? afetado pela omiss?o de todos os macronutrientes, sendo os sintomas semelhantes com os sintomas de outras esp?cies da mesma fam?lia. Os danos mais intensos e imediatos foram observados na omiss?o de K e Ca. Assim, a esp?cie Toona ciliata demonstrou ser exigente em macronutrientes na seguinte ordem decrescente: K > N > Mg > Ca > P. A resposta da esp?cie ? presen?a de alum?nio demonstrou que o crescimento, teor e ac?mulo de nutrientes em plantas de cedro-australiano foram estimulados na presen?a de 5mg.L-1 de alum?nio. A adi??o de 20 mg.L-1 de Al reduziu o crescimento das plantas e o ac?mulo de macronutrientes, na seguinte ordem decrescente: Ca > Mg > N > P > K. Os sintomas visuais de fitotoxidez associados ? dose de 20 mg.L-1 de Al foram t?picos da toxidez a este elemento, al?m das folhas apresentarem colora??o verde intensa progredindo para o amarelecimento; com a acentua??o dos sintomas, as folhas mais velhas progrediram para amarelo-castanho, dos bordos para o centro do limbo e enrolamento ou encurvamento de folhas novas.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-21T12:35:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Mayara Maria de Lima Pessoa.pdf: 2795347 bytes, checksum: 2eeeb1bc7b2d34392bae31295e2868d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-21T12:35:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Mayara Maria de Lima Pessoa.pdf: 2795347 bytes, checksum: 2eeeb1bc7b2d34392bae31295e2868d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In order to point out guidelines and practices towards the proper management and conservation of the State Park of Pedra Selada, RJ, the referent thesis sought to understand the relationship between the landscape?s and society?s transformation, relying on the understanding of changes in the use and occupation of the soil, with the help of landscape dynamics and the knowledge of these changes on the structure and diversity in the montane forest of PEPS, located in the municipalities of Resende and Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro. For the landscape dynamic, Landsat 5 images were used, with the elaboration of maps for use and land occupation in a 30 years chronosequence. For floristic and structure study 12 installments were placed throughout the PEPS, in a total of 12 plots with size of 30 m x 20 m (600 m?), which corresponded to approximately 0.72 ha of sampling. The species were distributed in Ecological groups, Pioneers, Early secondary, Late secondary and Climax. To designate the dispersion syndromes of species the classification Zoochorous, Anemochoric and Autochorous were adopted. For floristic comparisons between plots and between 11 other studies in Dense Ombrophilous Forest areas in the Southeast, South and Northeast of Brazil, the cluster analysis was employed, using the Euclidean distance as a measure. For the analysis of floristic diversity, the Shannon diversity index (H ') was utilized. From the circumference at breast height (CAP) were calculated the variables of phytosociological structure, Absolute Density (DA), Relative Density (RD), Absolute Frequency (FA), Relative Frequency (RF), Absolute Dominance (DoA), Relative Dominance (DoR), Importance Value (IV) and Coverage Value (VC). 1270 individuals, distributed in 45 botanical families, 99 genera and 203 species were sampled. The most representative botanical families were Lauraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae and Melastomataceae. The diversity index was 4.22 nats / ind. The ten species with the highest importance value in the State Park of Pedra Selada were Euterpe edulis Clethra scabra, Sorocea hilarii, Psychotria velloziana, Croton floribundus, Dicksonia sellowiana, Alchornea triplinervia, Piptocarpha sp.1, Casearia sylvestris e Cabralea canjerana. The Park presented a floristic pattern similar to the Montanas forests of Southeastern Brazil, therefore, it is essential the preservation of areas throughout the entire PEPS distribution, as well as the need of further studies in different altitudinal quotas, aiming to understand alternatives to conservation and to management of natural forest resources present in this important conservation unit. The results suggest that the PEPS is in a middle succession stage, also demonstrating the importance of proper management for the protection of species such as Euterpe edulis and Dicksonia sellowiana, to ensure the maintenance of this important conservation unit for the State of Rio de Janeiro / Como forma de apontar diretrizes e pr?ticas voltadas para o manejo adequado e conserva??o do Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada, RJ, a referente tese buscou a compreens?o das rela??es entre a transforma??o da paisagem e a sociedade, apoiando-se no entendimento das altera??es no uso e ocupa??o do solo, com o auxilio da din?mica da paisagem e no conhecimento destas mudan?as sobre a estrutura e diversidade na Floresta Montana do PEPS, localizada nos munic?pios de Resende e Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro. Na din?mica da paisagem foram utilizadas imagens Landsat 5 sendo elaborados mapas de uso e ocupa??o do solo numa cronossequ?ncia de 30 anos. Para o conhecimento da flor?stica e estrutura foram alocadas 12 parcelas ao longo do PEPS, totalizando 12 parcelas com dimens?o de 30 m x 20 m (600 m?), o que correspondeu ? aproximadamente 0,72 ha de amostragem. As esp?cies foram distribu?das em grupos ecol?gicos, Pioneiras, Secund?rias iniciais, Secund?rias tardias e Clim?cicas. Para designar as s?ndromes de dispers?o das esp?cies adotou-se a classifica??o em Zooc?ricas, Anemoc?ricas e Autoc?ricas. Para as compara??es flor?sticas entre as parcelas e entre outros 11 estudos realizados em ?reas de Floresta Ombr?fila Densa no Sudeste, Sul e Nordeste do Brasil, foi empregada a an?lise de agrupamento, utilizando como medida a dist?ncia euclidiana. Para a an?lise da diversidade flor?stica foi utilizado o ?ndice de diversidade de Shannon (H?). A partir da Circunfer?ncia ? Altura do Peito (CAP) foram calculadas as vari?veis de estrutura fitossociol?gica Densidade Absoluta (DA), Densidade Relativa (DR), Frequ?ncia Absoluta (FA), Frequ?ncia Relativa (FR), Domin?ncia Absoluta (DoA), Domin?ncia Relativa (DoR), Valor de Import?ncia (VI) e Valor de Cobertura (VC). Foram amostrados 1270 indiv?duos, distribu?dos em 45 fam?lias bot?nicas, 99 g?neros e 203 esp?cies. As fam?lias bot?nicas mais representativas foram Lauraceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae e Melastomataceae.O ?ndide de diversidade foi 4,22 nats/ind. As dez esp?cies que apresentaram maior valor de import?ncia no Parque Estadual da Pedra Selada foram Euterpe edulis Clethra scabra , Sorocea hilarii, Psychotria velloziana, Croton floribundus, Dicksonia sellowiana, Alchornea triplinervia, Piptocarpha sp.1, Casearia sylvestris e Cabralea canjerana. apresentou padr?o flor?stico semelhante ao das Florestas Montanas do Sudeste do Brasil, sendo essencial a preserva??o de ?reas ao longo de toda a distribui??o do PEPS, bem como a necessidade de estudos posteriores nas diferentes cotas altitudinais, objetivando a compreens?o de alternativas de conserva??o e manejo dos recursos florestais naturais presentes nesta importante unidade de conserva??o. Os resultados sugerem que o PEPS encontra-se em est?gio m?dio de sucess?o, demonstrando tamb?m a import?ncia de um manejo adequado na prote??o de esp?cies como Euterpe edulis e Dicksonia sellowiana, de forma a garantir a manuten??o desta importante unidade de conserva??o para o Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-29T19:03:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Francine Yuriko Otsuka Rocha.pdf: 2503949 bytes, checksum: b9cea1d05fae4647a2e2459b6401ecc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T19:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Francine Yuriko Otsuka Rocha.pdf: 2503949 bytes, checksum: b9cea1d05fae4647a2e2459b6401ecc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-09 / CAPES / The fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a disease of economic importance to tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) because of the losses caused in the production. This study aimed to select bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus which have antagonistic activity to fungi present in tomato producing areas. It was obtained 193 bacterial isolates from tomato roots and stems. We performed the complete sequencing 16S rRNA subunit of 32 bacteria from the work collection using the 27F and Amp2 primers. These bacteria were randomly selected, and 20 bacteria were obtained from healthy tomato plants. The results showed a high similarity to species of the genus Bacillus: B. thuringiensis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, B. toyonensis, B. stratosphericus and Paenibacillus barcinonensis. Evaluation of the functional characteristics of the bacterial strains showed that 72% possess proteolytic activity, 78% have cellulolytic activity, 48% are able to solubilize inorganic phosphate, 42% solubilize zinc oxide and 40.8% are able to produce indols. Antagonism tests carried out in vitro showed that some bacterial strains reduced the mycelial growth of the three races of the fungus when subjected to direct method (parallel streaks). An experiment was conducted using the genotypes Debora Plus, Santa Clara Miss Brazil, Perinha and Carolina in order to select a sensitive tomato genotype to the three fungal races. The Perinha variety was the most susceptible for races 1, 2 and 3 and presented the highest percentage of fungal colonization. Thus, this variety was used in a greenhouse experiments to evaluate the antagonistic role of the Bacillus strains against three fungal races. The antagonistic activity of bacteria was assessed 15 days after transplanting of the tomato seedlings to contaminated substrate. The results showed that the B. stratosphericus strain contributed to control at least 93.25% of the damage caused by race 1, strains from species B. megaterium and B. thuringiensis controlled 100% the damage caused by race 2 and at least 67.35% of the disease caused by the race 3 of the fungus. The results suggest that some strains have the potential to control race 1, 2 and 3 of the F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and have functional activities that may contribute to improving the growth of tomato plants. However, field studies are needed to confirm the role of these Bacillus species during the interaction with tomato plants grown in soil contaminated with the race 1, 2 and 3 of the fusarium wilt. / A murcha-de-fus?rio causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ? uma doen?a de grande import?ncia econ?mica para a cultura do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) devido as perdas que ocasiona na produ??o. O presente estudo teve como objetivo selecionar bact?rias pertencentes ao g?nero Bacillus que apresentam atividade antag?nica para aplica??o em ?reas produtoras de tomate infestadas pelo fungo. Foram obtidos 193 isolados de bact?rias de ra?zes e hastes de tomateiro. Foi realizado o sequenciamento completo da subunidade 16S RNAr de 32 isolados da cole??o de trabalho, utilizando os iniciadores 27F e Amp2. Essas bact?rias foram selecionadas aleatoriamente, sendo que 20 bact?rias foram obtidas de tomateiro sadio. Os resultados mostraram uma alta similaridade das estirpes com as esp?cies do g?nero Bacillus: B. thuringiensis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, B. toyonensis, B. stratosphericus, al?m da esp?cie Paenibacillus barcinonensis. Testes para avaliar as caracter?sticas funcionais das estirpes bacterianas in vitro mostraram que 72% das estirpes possuem atividade proteol?tica, 78% possuem atividade celulol?tica, 48% solubilizam fosfato inorg?nico, 42% solubilizam zinco e 40,8% s?o capazes de produzir indol. Testes de antagonismo realizados in vitro mostraram que algumas estirpes bacterianas retardaram ou reduziram o crescimento micelial das tr?s ra?as do fungo quando submetidos ao m?todo de a??o direta (estrias paralelas). Com o objetivo de selecionar um gen?tipo de tomateiro sens?vel as tr?s ra?as do fungo, foi instalado um experimento utilizando os gen?tipos D?bora Plus, Santa Clara Miss Brasil, Perinha e Carolina. A variedade Perinha foi a mais suscet?vel as ra?as 1, 2 e 3 j? que apresentou um maior percentual de coloniza??o do fungo. A atividade antag?nica das bact?rias foi avaliada 15 dias ap?s o transplantio das mudas de tomate da variedade Perinha para o substrato contaminado. Os resultados mostraram que a estirpe da esp?cie B. stratosphericus controlou cerca de 93,25% das plantas crescidas na presen?a da ra?a 1 do fungo. J? as esp?cies B. megaterium e B. thuringiensis controlaram 100% da doen?a das plantas de tomateiro cultivadas em substrato com a ra?a 2 e de 67,35% das plantas cultivadas em substrato com a ra?a 3 do fungo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que algumas estirpes possuem potencial para controle de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ra?a 1, 2 e 3 e possuem atividades funcionais que podem contribuir para a melhoria do crescimento das plantas de tomateiro cultivadas em ?reas infestadas com o fungo. Entretanto, estudos em campo s?o necess?rios para confirmar o papel dessas esp?cies de Bacillus na intera??o com plantas de tomateiro cultivadas na presen?a das ra?as 1, 2 e 3 da murcha de fus?rio.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-26T18:05:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Albiane Carvalho Dias.pdf: 1710937 bytes, checksum: 54d2634d67d97d4c119e2aa8507ca99b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-26T18:05:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Albiane Carvalho Dias.pdf: 1710937 bytes, checksum: 54d2634d67d97d4c119e2aa8507ca99b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / CAPES / The inappropriate management of leachate can cause negative environmental impacts, in order to compromise the availability and quality of natural resources, reason of to their complex composition and high polluter potential. One of the alternatives for the treatment of landfill leachate is its combined treatment with domestic sewage in sewage treatment plants, although higher proportions of the leachate in the sewage could compromise the efficiency of the process. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the combined treatment of landfill leachate and domestic sewage in biomass and activated carbon systems. For this, were used sequential batch reactors in lab-scale and two types of activated carbon - granular (GAC) and pulverized (PAC). The work consisted of two stages, among them they are: the tests where the reactors were fed with different mixtures of leachate/synthetic sewage (0, 2, 5 e 10%) and concentrations of GAC (0, 2, 4 e 6 g/L) operating with residence times 23h and sludge ages 28 days; and tests where the reactors were fed with a mixture of 5% leachate/sewage; fixed a PAC concentration of 6 g/L and were operated on with differents HRT of 23, 16 and 8 hours and sludge ages of 28, 28, and 17 days, respectively. It has been evaluated, the difference between the two types of carbon regarding COD removal efficiency, in the following configurations: fixing the concentration of carbono (6 g/L) and the percentage of leachate in the feed (5% v/v), for the batch time of 23 h and sludge age of 28 d. For the first step, it was possible to verify that the COD removal efficiency was higher in the reactors containing GAC and biomass when comparedes to the reactor containing only biomass. And along this stage of the experiment it was possible to observe that after the increase of leachate concentration in the feed there was a significant drop in COD removal efficiency. In the evaluation of the PACT? process, it was verified that the reactor with HRT of 23 h was the one that presented the best COD and color removal efficiencies the process, 79 and 44%, respectively. In the comparative tests between the two types of carbon, the PAC system proved to be much more efficient in the removal of COD, presenting an average efficiency of 79% when compared to the GAC system (63%). / O gerenciamento inadequado do lixiviado pode causar impactos ambientais negativos, de forma a comprometer a disponibilidade e qualidade dos recursos naturais, devido sua composi??o complexa e seu elevado potencial poluidor. Uma das alternativas para o tratamento de lixiviado de aterros sanit?rios ? o seu tratamento combinado com esgoto dom?stico em esta??es de tratamento de esgoto, embora propor??es mais elevadas do lixiviado no esgoto possam comprometer a efici?ncia do processo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a efici?ncia do tratamento combinado de lixiviado de aterro sanit?rio e esgoto dom?stico em sistemas com biomassa e carv?o ativado. Para isto, foram utilizados reatores em batelada sequencial em escala de laborat?rio e dois tipos de carv?o ativado- granular (CAG) e pulverizado (CAP). O trabalho foi constitu?do de duas etapas, dentre elas est?o: os ensaios onde os reatores foram alimentados com diferentes misturas de lixiviado/esgoto sint?tico (0, 2, 5 e 10%) e concentra??es de CAG (0, 2, 4 e 6 g/L) operando com tempos de resid?ncia de 23 h e idades do lodo de 28 dias; e ensaios onde os reatores foram alimentados com uma mistura de 5% de lixiviado/esgoto, fixado uma concentra??o de CAP de 6 g/L e foram operados com diferentes tempos de resid?ncia de 23, 16 e 8 horas e idades de lodo de 28, 28, e 17 dias, respectivamente. Avaliou-se, ainda, a diferen?a entre os dois tipos de carv?o quanto ? efici?ncia de remo??o de DQO, nas seguintes configura??es: fixando a concentra??o de carv?o (6 g/L) e o percentual de lixiviado na alimenta??o (5% v/v), para o tempo de batelada de 23 h e idade do lodo de 28 d. Para a primeira etapa, foi poss?vel verificar que a efici?ncia de remo??o de DQO foi superior nos reatores contendo CAG e biomassa quando comparados ao reator contendo apenas biomassa. E ao longo desta etapa do experimento foi poss?vel observar que ap?s o aumento da concentra??o de lixiviado na alimenta??o houve queda significativa na efici?ncia de remo??o de DQO. Na avalia??o do processo PACT?, verificou-se que o reator com tempo de resid?ncia de 23 h foi o que apresentou as melhores efici?ncias de remo??o de DQO e cor do processo, 79 e 44%, respectivamente. Nos testes comparativos entre os dois tipos de carv?o, o sistema com CAP mostrou-se muito mais eficiente na remo??o de DQO, apresentando efici?ncia m?dia de 79%, quando comparado ao sistema com CAG (63%).

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-04T15:33:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Fl?vio Guerra Barroso.pdf: 2034037 bytes, checksum: 1635fb4534d6b8f1c27887b03f88ac56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T15:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Fl?vio Guerra Barroso.pdf: 2034037 bytes, checksum: 1635fb4534d6b8f1c27887b03f88ac56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico. CNPQ / The biological contamination by invasive alien species is considered one of the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. However, in Brazil the information on this subject are still scarce, especially regarding the occurrence, distribution and influence of alien species on native communities, mainly in protected areas. The objective of this study was to identify exotic plant species present in the intensive use zone of Serra dos ?rg?os National Park and determine their occurrence, distribution and influence on the native plant community. The study area is located in Teres?polis and concentrates on the barragem road, which cuts across the zone of intensive use. To determine the occurrence of exotic plant species were allocated, randomly, 30 plots of 10 x 10 m along the road, located at different distances in edge-interior gradient of forest in order to identify the penetration and distribution of these species in the forest. Individuals with circumference at breast height (cbh) above 8 cm were included in the sample. To characterize plant community, phytosociological parameters were calculated as basal area, density, frequency, dominance and rates of coverage and importance. For the herbaceous layer, sub-plots of 5 x 5 m plots were installed within the existing plots, and those sampled by the method of points. We found 1,274 individuals of shrub-tree layer, distributed in 53 families, and 362 individuals of the herbaceous layer, distributed in 15 families. Only two exotic species were sampled: Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. e Hedychium coronarium J. K?nig, both herbaceous. These species were restricted to plots of class A, with penetration less than 10 meters. Its distribution is aggregated and, in the plots, they were found only in low densities, but with high frequency, suggesting behavior of weeds. The presence of these species have no influence on the tree-shrub layer but in the herbaceous layer, values of richness and abundance showed a negative correlation in the presence of these exotic species. / A contamina??o biol?gica por esp?cies ex?ticas invasoras ? considerada uma das maiores amea?as ? biodiversidade mundial. No entanto, no Brasil as informa??es sobre este assunto ainda s?o escassas, principalmente em rela??o ? ocorr?ncia, distribui??o e influ?ncia de esp?cies ex?ticas sobre as comunidades nativas, especialmente em ?reas protegidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as esp?cies vegetais ex?ticas presentes em um trecho da zona de uso intensivo do Parque Nacional da Serra dos ?rg?os e determinar sua ocorr?ncia, distribui??o e influ?ncia sobre a comunidade vegetal nativa. A ?rea de estudo localiza-se na sede Teres?polis do parque e concentra-se na estrada da barragem, que corta toda a zona de uso intensivo. Para determinar a ocorr?ncia de esp?cies vegetais ex?ticas foram alocadas 30 parcelas de 10 x 10 m ao longo da estrada, situadas a diferentes dist?ncias no gradiente borda-interior de mata a fim de identificar a penetrabilidade e distribui??o dessas esp?cies na floresta. Indiv?duos arb?reos com CAP igual ou superior a 8 cm foram inclu?dos na amostragem. Para caracterizar comunidade vegetal foram calculados par?metros fitossociol?gicos como ?rea basal, densidade, freq??ncia, domin?ncia absolutas e relativas e os ?ndices de cobertura e import?ncia. Para o estrato herb?ceo, sub-parcelas de 5 x 5 m foram alocadas dentro das parcelas j? existentes, e os indiv?duos foram amostrados atrav?s do m?todo de pontos. Foram encontrados 1.274 indiv?duos do estrado arbustivo-arb?reo, distribu?dos em 53 fam?lias, e 362 indiv?duos do estrato herb?ceo, distribu?dos em 15 fam?lias. Apenas duas esp?cies ex?ticas foram amostradas: Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. e Hedychium coronarium J. K?nig, ambas herb?ceas. Essas esp?cies estavam restritas as parcelas da classe A, com penetrabilidade inferior a 10 metros. Sua distribui??o ? agregada e, nas parcelas, elas foram encontradas somente em baixas densidades, por?m com alta freq??ncia, sugerindo um comportamento invasor. A presen?a dessas esp?cies parece n?o exercer influ?ncia sobre o estrato arbustivo-arb?reo por?m, no estrato herb?ceo, valores de riqueza e abund?ncia apresentam uma correla??o negativa quanto a presen?a dessas esp?cies ex?ticas.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-03-01T00:40:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O Claudia.pdf: 581878 bytes, checksum: 64bfb898fa3dfecf415c1fe65fad5fbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T00:40:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O Claudia.pdf: 581878 bytes, checksum: 64bfb898fa3dfecf415c1fe65fad5fbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study aimed to investigate the acceptance of cavities with different lengths for nesting and the cavity size effects on the sex ratio and offspring mortality of solitary bees in two agricultural areas in Feira de Santana, Brazil. The samplings were carried out monthly, during 12 months, using trap-nesting (=NA) length 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm. A total of 124 nests, 591 building cells, and 479 emerging imago were sampled. There was a higher number of nesting in area I (n=86) than in area II (n=38). Centris analis Fabricius 1804, Centris tarsata Smith, 1874, and two Megachile species nested in ?rea I, being C. analis the specie with highest number of established nest (n=72, 83.7%), while other species had low nesting frequency (4%) and a higher bee richness, with six species occupying the trap-nesting. Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810, established highest number of nest (n=29, 76.3%). Species used different NA size in both areas. In the area I, they nesting with higher frequency in NA with 10 cm (38%) and 15 cm (38%), while in the area II, there was cavity occupation with 20 cm (50%). Bees nested in most part of the year, except in months of autumn-winter, between April and August, when the bee nesting frequency was reduced or the activity was suspended. The natural enemies that emerged from the nests were species of Hymenoptera Coelioxoides sp, Mesocheira bicolor Fabricius, 1804, and a species of Chrysididae. The mortality rate by unknown reason in the areas I and II was 21.4% and 13.5% respectively, with higher incidence recorded to Centris analis. There was a higher mortality in smallest nests (5 cm) and there was no difference among the cavities with 10, 15, and 20 cm. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a utiliza??o de cavidades de diferentes comprimentos para confec??o de ninhos e os efeitos do tamanho da cavidade sobre a raz?o sexual e mortalidade da prole de abelhas solit?rias. O estudo foi conduzido em duas ?reas agr?colas no munic?pio de Feira de Santana, Bahia. Foram realizadas amostragens mensais durante 12 meses, usando ninhos-armadilha (NA) de comprimento 5, 10, 15 e 20 cm. Foram obtidos 124 ninhos, 591 c?lulas de cria constru?das e 479 imagos emergentes. Houve maior n?mero de nidifica??es na ?rea I (n=86) do que na ?rea II (n= 38). Centris analis Fabricius 1804, Centris tarsata Smith, 1874 e duas esp?cies de Megachile nidificaram na ?rea I, sendo C. analis a esp?cie com maior n?mero de ninhos estabelecidos (n=72, 83,7%), enquanto as outras esp?cies tiveram baixa freq??ncia de nidifica??o. A ?rea II apresentou menor freq??ncia de nidifica??o (4%) e maior riqueza de abelhas, com seis esp?cies ocupando os ninhos-armadilha. Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810, estabeleceu maior n?mero de ninhos (n=29, 76,3%). As esp?cies utilizaram diferentemente os tamanhos de NA nas duas ?reas. Na ?rea I, as abelhas nidificaram com maior freq??ncia nos NA de 10 cm (38%) e de 15 cm (38%), enquanto na ?rea II houve maior ocupa??o das cavidades de 20 cm (50%). As abelhas nidificaram na maior parte do ano, com exce??o dos meses de outono-inverno, entre abril e agosto, quando a frequ?ncia de nidifica??o das abelhas foi reduzida ou a atividade foi suspensa. Os inimigos naturais que emergiram dos ninhos inclu?ram esp?cies de abelhas Coelioxoides sp, Mesocheira bicolor Fabricius, 1804 e uma esp?cie de Chrysididae. A taxa de mortalidade por causas desconhecidas nas ?reas I e II foi respectivamente 21,4% e 13,5%, com maior incid?ncia registrada em Centris analis. Houve uma maior mortalidade nos ninhos curtos (5 cm), n?o havendo diferen?a entre as cavidades de 10, 15 e 20 cm.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-06-05T14:58:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_RENATA_DE_PARIS_COMPLETO.pdf: 8873897 bytes, checksum: 43b2a883518fc9ce39978e816042ab5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T14:58:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_RENATA_DE_PARIS_COMPLETO.pdf: 8873897 bytes, checksum: 43b2a883518fc9ce39978e816042ab5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / O uso de conforma??es obtidas por trajet?rias da din?mica molecular nos experimentos de docagem molecular ? a abordagem mais precisa para simular o comportamento de receptores e ligantes em ambientes moleculares. Entretanto, tais simula??es exigem alto custo computacional e a sua completa execu??o pode se tornar uma tarefa impratic?vel devido ao vasto n?mero de informa??es estruturais consideradas para representar a expl?cita flexibilidade de receptores. Al?m disso, o problema ? ainda mais desafiante quando deseja-se utilizar modelos de receptores totalmente flex?veis (Fully-Flexible Receptor - FFR) para realizar a triagem virtual em bibliotecas de ligantes. Este estudo apresenta um m?todo inovador para otimizar a triagem virtual baseada em docagem molecular de modelos FFR por meio da redu??o do n?mero de experimentos de docagem e, da invoca??o escalar de workflows de docagem para m?quinas virtuais de plataformas em nuvem. Para esse prop?sito, o workflow cient?fico basedo em nuvem, chamado e-FReDock, foi desenvolvido para acelerar as simula??es da docagem molecular em larga escala. e-FReDock ? baseado em um m?todo seletivo sem param?tros para executar experimentos de docagem ensemble com m?ltiplos ligantes. Como dados de entrada do e-FReDock, aplicou-se seis m?todos de agrupamento para particionar conforma??es com diferentes caracter?sticas estruturais no s?tio de liga??o da cavidade do substrato do receptor, visando identificar grupos de conforma??es favor?veis a interagir com espec?ficos ligantes durante os experimentos de docagem. Os resultados mostram o elevado n?vel de qualidade obtido pelos modelos de receptores totalmente flex?veis reduzidos (Reduced Fully-Flexible Receptor - RFFR) ao final dos experimentos em dois conjuntos de an?lises. O primeiro mostra que e-FReDock ? capaz de preservar a qualidade do modelo FFR entre 84,00% e 94,00%, enquanto a sua dimensionalidade reduz em uma m?dia de 49,68%. O segundo relata que os modelos RFFR resultantes s?o capazes de melhorar os resultados de docagem molecular em 97,00% dos ligantes testados quando comparados com a vers?o r?gida do modelo FFR. / The use of conformations obtained from molecular dynamics trajectories in the molecular docking experiments is the most accurate approach to simulate the behavior of receptors and ligands in molecular environments. However, such simulations are computationally expensive and their execution may become an infeasible task due to the large number of structural information, typically considered to represent the explicit flexibility of receptors. In addition, the computational demand increases when Fully-Flexible Receptor (FFR) models are routinely applied for screening of large compounds libraries. This study presents a novel method to optimize docking-based virtual screening of FFR models by reducing the size of FFR models at docking runtime, and scaling docking workflow invocations out onto virtual machines from cloud platforms. For this purpose, we developed e-FReDock, a cloud-based scientific workflow that assists in faster high-throughput docking simulations of flexible receptors and ligands. e-FReDock is based on a free-parameter selective method to perform ensemble docking experiments with multiple ligands from a clustered FFR model. The e-FReDock input data was generated by applying six clustering methods for partitioning conformations with different features in their substrate-binding cavities, aiming at identifying groups of snapshots with favorable interactions for specific ligands at docking runtime. Experimental results show the high quality Reduced Fully-Flexible Receptor (RFFR) models achieved by e-FReDock in two distinct sets of analyses. The first analysis shows that e-FReDock is able to preserve the quality of the FFR model between 84.00% and 94.00%, while its dimensionality reduces on average 49.68%. The second analysis reports that resulting RFFR models are able to reach better docking results than those obtained from the rigid version of the FFR model in 97.00% of the ligands tested.

Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-16T19:08:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Vers?o Final Tiago Fazolo 18_01_2018.pdf: 3827531 bytes, checksum: b081e8333d16cb49ba00d0df25dff485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-22T17:20:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Vers?o Final Tiago Fazolo 18_01_2018.pdf: 3827531 bytes, checksum: b081e8333d16cb49ba00d0df25dff485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T17:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Vers?o Final Tiago Fazolo 18_01_2018.pdf: 3827531 bytes, checksum: b081e8333d16cb49ba00d0df25dff485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiologic agent in severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children. RSV-associated LRTI is the main cause of bronchiolitis, pneumonia and exacerbation of asthma. This infection is responsible for the high rates of hospitalizations related to respiratory diseases worldwide, especially in children younger than 2 years. Currently, annual mortality rate due to RSV infections is worrying worldwide and is estimated at approximately two hundred thousand cases. The treatment strategies to RSV infections are limited. Ribavirin is an approved drug for use in RSV infections, but its use is limited due to adverse side-effects and risks posed to health professionals who handle it. Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody which targets RSV F glycoprotein and its use is only indicated as a prophylactic measure. This treatment is already accepted in several countries for groups of high risk children (premature children, with chronic lung disease and with congenital heart disease). However, palivizumab has a high cost for public health and is not available in all countries. The development of an effective RSV vaccine to generate a long-lasting immunological memory response that prevents infection may be the best alternative because it will reduce high public health expenditures with antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies. The first attempt in the search for a vaccine against RSV was in the 1960s. This vaccine produced high levels of serum antibodies but could not protect against infection. Children who were vaccinated developed a more serious disease when later infected with the same virus. To date, there is no licensed vaccine for RSV, so the search for effective vaccines is an important focus of research. Natural RSV infections do not induce lasting protective memory, and multiple reinfections can occur lifetime. Nasal secretions from infected infants presented a small number of regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood, an increase in interleukin 4 (IL-4) production and T helper type 2 (Th2) response. Treg cells are important for controlling an exacerbated increase in immune responses. A reduction of the Tregs caused by the RSV infection generates an exacerbation of the pulmonary disease due to a Th2 response. The M209-223 RSV peptide was identified to increase IFN-? production by peptide-specific CD4 T cells after challenge with the virus. The treatment with this peptide also induced an increase in pulmonary Treg frequency in infected mice. Recently, it has also been shown that Tregs aid in the development of a T CD8+ effector response, which is crucial for the control of RSV viral load. Our hypothesis is that the RSV M209-223 peptide impacts in the differentiation of CD4 T cells, increasing the population of specific Treg, reducing lung inflammation and modulating the anti-RSV immune response. This peptide in animal model induces the differentiation of specific Treg. Our findings suggest that vaccination with M209-223 peptide results in the differentiation of specific CD4 T cells into conventional effectors and Treg cells. Vaccination with this peptide decreased the expansion of a Th2 response in animals infected with RSV, protecting both the infection site and systemically. We believe that this approach could be an important component in vaccination strategies against this virus. / O v?rus sincicial respirat?rio (VSR) ? o agente etiol?gico mais comum nas infec??es graves do trato respirat?rio inferior (TRI) em crian?as. As infec??es do TRI associada com o VSR s?o a principal causa de bronquiolite, pneumonia e exacerba??o da asma. As TRI causadas pelo VSR s?o respons?veis pelas altas taxas das hospitaliza??es relacionadas ?s doen?as respirat?rias em todo o mundo, principalmente em crian?as menores de dois anos. Atualmente a taxa de mortalidade anual mundial devido ?s infec??es pelo VSR ? preocupante e ? estimada em aproximadamente duzentas mil crian?as. As estrat?gias de tratamento contra o VSR utilizadas s?o limitadas. A ribavirina ? um f?rmaco aprovado no uso para infec??es pelo VSR, por?m sua utiliza??o ? limitada devido aos efeitos secund?rios adversos e aos riscos que representam para os profissionais da sa?de que o manipulam. O palivizumabe ? um anticorpo monoclonal dirigido contra a glicoprote?na F do v?rus e sua utiliza??o ? apenas como medida profil?tica. Este tratamento j? ? aceito em v?rios pa?ses nos grupos de crian?as de alto risco (crian?as prematuras, com doen?a pulmonar cr?nica e com cardiopatia cong?nita). Entretanto o palivizumabe tem um alto custo para sa?de p?blica, n?o sendo disponibilizado em todos os pa?ses. O desenvolvimento de uma vacina eficaz contra o VSR pode ser a melhor alternativa, pois ao gerar resposta de mem?ria duradoura que previne a infec??o e reduz, desta forma, os altos gastos com a sa?de p?blica, com os f?rmacos antivirais e com os anticorpos monoclonais. A primeira tentativa na busca de uma vacina contra o VSR foi na d?cada de 60. A vacina produzida estimulou n?veis moderadamente elevados de anticorpos no soro, mas n?o conseguiu proteger contra ? infec??o. As crian?as que foram vacinadas desenvolveram uma doen?a mais grave quando mais tarde infectados com o v?rus. At? o presente momento n?o existe nenhuma vacina licenciada para o VSR. Desta forma, a busca de vacinas eficazes constitui um importante foco de pesquisa em todo mundo. As infec??es naturais pelo VSR n?o induzem mem?ria protetora duradoura, ocorrendo m?ltiplas reinfec??es ao longo da vida. Em crian?as infectadas, observou-se um n?mero reduzido de c?lulas T CD4+ regulat?rias (Treg) no sangue perif?rico, um aumento na produ??o de interleucina 4 (IL-4) e uma resposta T helper do tipo 2 (Th2) nas secre??es nasais. As c?lulas Treg s?o importantes para controlar um aumento exagerado da resposta imunol?gica. Por este fato acredita-se que quando h? uma redu??o das Tregs causada pela infec??o do VSR ocorre uma exacerba??o da doen?a pulmonar devido uma resposta Th2. Foi identificado que o pept?deo M209-223 do VSR aumenta a produ??o de IFN-? nas c?lulas T CD4+ ap?s o desafio com VSR. O tratamento com este mesmo pept?deo tamb?m apresentou um aumento na frequencia de c?lulas Treg ap?s infec??o prim?ria pelo VSR. Recentemente tamb?m foi demonstrado que as Tregs auxiliam no desenvolvimento de uma resposta efetora T CD8+, que ? crucial para o controle da carga viral do VSR. Nossa hip?tese ? que o pept?deo M209-223 do VSR influencia na diferencia??o das c?lulas T CD4+, aumentando a popula??o de c?lulas T efetoras e regulat?rias espec?ficas, reduzindo a inflama??o pulmonar e modulando a resposta imune. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a vacina??o com pept?deo M209-223 resulta na diferencia??o de c?lulas T CD4+ espec?ficas em efetoras convencionais, que produzem mais IFN-? e em c?lulas Treg. A vacina??o com este pept?deo diminuiu a expans?o de uma resposta Th2 nos animais infectados com o VSR, protegendo da inflama??o exacerbada tanto no local da infec??o como sistemicamente. Acreditamos que esta abordagem pode constituir um componente importante nas estrat?gias de vacina??o contra este v?rus.