La base phosphazène ButP4 associée au thiophénol ou au bis (2-mercaptoéthyl) éther a été utilisée avec succès pour amorcer quantitativement la polymérisation anionique par ouverture de cycle des monomères cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates de dialkyle. Pour des températures comprises entre 30 et 60°C dans le THF ou entre 30 et 100°C dans le toluéne, le mécanisme observé est celui d'une polymérisation anionique vivante qui conduit à des polymères présentant des indices de polymolécularité faibles et dont les Mn expérimentaux (mesurés par SEC et RMN 1H) sont en accord avec les valeurs théoriques. D'autres systèmes déamorçage comme le carbazole ou des composés possédant un proton acide associés à ButP4 conduisent également à des polymères bien définis. Une étude cinétique montre que l'ordre interne en monomère est égal à 1 sur l'ensemble de la gamme de conversion. Le système déamorçage thiophénol / ButP4 dans le THF présente une réactivité bien supérieure à celle du thiophénolate de sodium dans le DMSO qui est le système classique d'amorçage pour ce type de polymérisation. Différents agents de terminaison, comme l'acide chlorhydrique, le bromure d'allyle ou le bromure de propargyle, ont été utilisés pour terminer les réactions et ont conduit à l'obtention de polyméres hétérotéléchéliques. D'autres dérivés de cyclopropanes présentant des substituants variés ont également été examinés. Ces résultats ouvrent de très intéressantes perspectives dans la préparation d'architectures complexes comme des copolyméres à blocs, greffés ou en étoile. Les premières expériences de copolymérisation ont d'ailleurs été couronnées de succès. Afin d'obtenir de nouveaux canaux ioniques artificiels, différents monomères cyclopropane-1,1- dicarboxylates porteurs d'éthers-couronne ont été synthétisés. La polymérisation anionique par ouverture de cycle de ceux-ci a été étudiée en utilisant soit le thiophénolate de sodium soit le système thiophénol / ButP4 comme amorceur. Ces travaux ont également permis l'obtention d'un nouveau type de poly(éther-ester) qui s'est révélé intéressant comme perméabilisant membranaire. Les interactions des oligo(éther-ester)s avec des membranes modèles planes, des vésicules unilamellaires et des cellules ont été étudiées en collaboration avec des physiciens et des biologistes. Des résultats prometteurs en termes de transport d'ions ont été obtenus et sont présentés dans ce mémoire / The tetrameric phosphazene base ButP4 in association with thiophenol or bis(2-mercaptoethyl) ether has been successfully used in order to initiate the anionic ring-opening polymerization of di-n-alkyl cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates. Well-defined monofunctional or difunctional polymers with a very narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained through a living process at temperatures between 30 and 60°C in THF or between 30 and 100°C in toluene. An excellent agreement is observed between theoretical and experimental Mn values (measured by SEC and by NMR). Other initiating systems such as carbazole or compounds with an acidic proton in association with ButP4 lead also to welldefined polymers. A kinetic study shows a first order with respect to the monomer concentration over the entire conversion range. The initiating system thiophenol / ButP4 in THF shows a much higher reactivity compared to the alkali metal thiophenolate which is the classical one. The living ends were reacted with different terminating agents such as hydrochloric acid, allyl and propargyl bromide thus leading to telechelic polymers. Other cyclopropane derivatives with various substituents have been also examined. These results open very exciting perspectives for the preparation of new architectures such as block and graft copolymers, star polymers. The first copolymer attempts were very successful. With the aim of designing new ion channel biomimics, cyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylate monomers with crown-ethers substituents were synthesized. The anionic ring-opening polymerization of these monomers has been investigated using either sodium thiophenolate or thiophenol activated by ButP4. Moreover a new alternating poly(ether-ester) was obtained which is an interesting membrane permeabilizer. Its interaction with unilamellar vesicles, planar phospholipidic membranes and cells was studied in collaboration with biophysicists and biologists. Very promising results have been obtained

Na primeira parte da tese foram abordadas diversas rotas sintéticas para a preparação dos fragmentos nordeste e sudoeste do alcaloide bisindólico Raputindol D, cuja síntese total nunca foi descrita. A proposta inicial era obter o fragmento nordeste em 13 etapas a partir do composto comercial 3-metil-4-nitrofenol, utilizando como etapas-chave uma reação de Diels-Alder, uma abertura redutiva de anel e uma contração de anel com iodo(III). Empregando uma reação de Diels-Alder regiosseletiva de um intermediário silil substituído, a construção de uma unidade tricíclica linear foi alcançada com a obtenção de um único regioisômero. Entretanto, todas as tentativas de abertura de anel do alqueno oxabicíclico resultaram apenas no regioisômero não desejado, apesar dos estudos prévios com compostos modelo terem revelado que essa proposta era viável. Assim, foi possível acessar um intermediário avançado em 13 etapas e 12% de rendimento global. O fragmento sudoeste foi obtido em 3 etapas a partir do 5-bromoindol comercial, em rendimento global de 47% e empregando como etapas principais uma reação de Sonogashira e uma reação de acoplamento com 1-hidróxibenziodoxolone. Na segunda parte da tese são apresentados os resultados referentes ao estudo da etapa-chave para a conexão dos fragmentos nordeste e sudoeste, através do desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia de α-alquinilação eletrofílica de compostos carbonílicos aromáticos não-ativados com o iodo hipervalente TMS-EBX. Empregando tBuOK como base e TBAF como agente ativante, cetonas mono- e dialquiniladas foram obtidas em ótimos rendimentos. A utilização de aldeídos como substratos também se mostrou viável, o que permitiu acessar derivados de álcoois homopropargílicos em rendimentos moderados após a redução dos produtos com NaBH4 in situ. Finalmente, a aplicação da metodologia desenvolvida foi demonstrada através da preparação de um intermediário de alquinilação avançado. A atividade antiproliferativa desse composto foi investigada, mostrando-se apenas fracamente ativo com uma atividade mais pronunciada para células de carcinoma de ovário e leucemia. / In the first part of the thesis several synthetic routes for the preparation of the northeast and southwest fragments of the bisindolic alkaloid Raputindole D, whose total synthesis has never been described, were approached. The initial proposal was to obtain the northeast fragment in 13 steps from the commercial compound 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, using as key steps a Diels-Alder reaction, a reductive ring opening and a ring contraction with iodine(III). Employing a regioselective Diels-Alder reaction of a silyl substituted intermediate, the construction of a linear tricyclic unit was achieved with the obtainment of a single regioisomer. However, all attempts to ring opening of the oxabicyclic alkene only resulted in the undesired regioisomer, although previous studies with model compounds revealed that this proposal was feasible. Thus, it was possible to access an advanced intermediary in 13 steps and 12% overall yield. The southwest fragment was obtained in 3 steps from commercial 5- bromoindole in 47% overall yield and employing as main steps a Sonogashira reaction and a coupling with 1-hydroxybenziodoxolone. In the second part of the thesis are presented the results regarding the study of the key step for the connection of the northeast and southwest fragments, through the development of a new methodology for the electrophilic α-alkynylation of non-activated aromatic carbonyl compounds with the hypervalent iodine TMS- EBX. Employing t-BuOK as a base and TBAF as an activating agent, mono- and dialkynylated ketones were obtained in good yields. The use of aldehydes as substrates also proved to be possible, allowing to access homopropargylic alcohols derivatives in moderate yields after reduction in situ using NaBH4. Finally, the application of the developed methodology was demonstrated by the preparation of an advanced alkynylation intermediate. The antiproliferative activity of this compound was investigated, showing only weakly active with a more pronounced activity for ovarian carcinoma and leukemia cells.

Die fortschreitende Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der kontrollierten Polymerisationstechniken ermöglicht heutzutage die Synthese definierter Makromoleküle. Durch das Design der Primärstruktur dieser Makromoleküle kann ein starker Einfluss auf die sich bildende Sekundärstruktur ausgeübt werden. Um den Grad der Kontrolle über den Polymerisationsprozess zu erhöhen sollten in dieser Arbeit photoschaltbare Azobenzolfunktionalitäten in Guanidin- und Thioharnstoffmotive integriert werden, so dass durch die reversibel photoschaltbare Ausbildung von Wasserstoffbrücken die vorliegenden Polymerisationsprozesse beeinflusst werden können. In einem Ansatz wurden dazu neuartige azobenzolverknüpfte Guanidin- und Thioharnstoffkatalysatoren für die Ringöffnungspolymerisation (ROP) von Lactid (LA) synthetisiert. Im Fall der photoschaltbaren Guanidinkatalysatoren wurde eine Synthesemethode entwickelt, welche die zu Beginn langwierige Aufreinigung der Katalysatoren bedeutend vereinfacht und somit die Darstellung mehrerer Katalysatorgenerationen ermöglichte. Die erste Guanidinkatalysatorgeneration zeigte keine katalytische Aktivität. Durch die Synthese von verschiedenen Referenzguanidinen und deren Einsatz in der ROP von LA konnten die aromatischen Substituenten der Guanidinfunktionalität als Ursache der katalytischen Inaktivität identifiziert werden. Daraufhin wurde eine mit zwei Alkylsubstituenten versehene zweite Generation synthetisiert und erfolgreich in der ROP von Lactid eingesetzt. In einem anderen Ansatz wurde versucht ein azobenzolverknüpftes Guanidinium-Carboxylat-Zwitterion so zu gestalten, dass es als photoschaltbares Monomer zur Bildung supramolekularer Polymere verwendet werden kann. Hierzu wurden zwei Generationen photoschaltbarer Zwitterionen synthetisiert. Die Eigenschaften der zweiten Generation wurden mit verschiedenen spektroskopischen Methoden untersucht. Dabei wurden Hinweise auf die Bildung eines supramolekualren Polymers gefunden. / Following the progressive development in the field of controlled polymerizations, it is now possible to synthesize well defined macromolecular structures. Controlling the primary structure in these macromolecules significantly influences the secondary structure, allowing the preparation of smart materials. In order to improve the achievable degree of control, this work aims to incorporate azobenzene functionalities into guanidine and thiourea moieties and, through the photo triggered reversible formation of hydrogen bridges, influence polymerization processes. Novel azobenzene substituted guanidine and thiourea catalysts for the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide were synthesized. In the case of the photoswitchable guanidine catalysts, a new synthetic protocol was developed to overcome the difficult purification of the catalysts, allowing the facile preparation of multiple catalyst generations. The first generation of photoswitchable guanidines showed catalytic activity. Synthesis of reference guanidine catalysts demonstrated a negative effect between aromatic guanidine substituents and the catalytic performance. Following this observation, a second generation of alkyl substituted guanidine catalysts was synthesized and applied successfully in the ROP of lactide. In a concurrent approach, a guanidinium carboxylate zwitterion was rendered photoswitchable by the incorporation of an azobenzene functionality and used as a monomer in supramolecular polymerization processes. The first generation of photoswitchable zwitterions showed promising photochemical properties, but its poor solubility in apolar, aprotic solvents prevented a final proof of the concept. To achieve this, a second generation of photoswitchable zwitterions was synthesized, incorporating solubilizing functionalities into the molecular design. The properties of the second generation zwitterion were examined by various spectroscopical methods, indicating the formation of supramolecular polymers.

Na primeira parte da tese foram abordadas diversas rotas sintéticas para a preparação dos fragmentos nordeste e sudoeste do alcaloide bisindólico Raputindol D, cuja síntese total nunca foi descrita. A proposta inicial era obter o fragmento nordeste em 13 etapas a partir do composto comercial 3-metil-4-nitrofenol, utilizando como etapas-chave uma reação de Diels-Alder, uma abertura redutiva de anel e uma contração de anel com iodo(III). Empregando uma reação de Diels-Alder regiosseletiva de um intermediário silil substituído, a construção de uma unidade tricíclica linear foi alcançada com a obtenção de um único regioisômero. Entretanto, todas as tentativas de abertura de anel do alqueno oxabicíclico resultaram apenas no regioisômero não desejado, apesar dos estudos prévios com compostos modelo terem revelado que essa proposta era viável. Assim, foi possível acessar um intermediário avançado em 13 etapas e 12% de rendimento global. O fragmento sudoeste foi obtido em 3 etapas a partir do 5-bromoindol comercial, em rendimento global de 47% e empregando como etapas principais uma reação de Sonogashira e uma reação de acoplamento com 1-hidróxibenziodoxolone. Na segunda parte da tese são apresentados os resultados referentes ao estudo da etapa-chave para a conexão dos fragmentos nordeste e sudoeste, através do desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia de α-alquinilação eletrofílica de compostos carbonílicos aromáticos não-ativados com o iodo hipervalente TMS-EBX. Empregando tBuOK como base e TBAF como agente ativante, cetonas mono- e dialquiniladas foram obtidas em ótimos rendimentos. A utilização de aldeídos como substratos também se mostrou viável, o que permitiu acessar derivados de álcoois homopropargílicos em rendimentos moderados após a redução dos produtos com NaBH4 in situ. Finalmente, a aplicação da metodologia desenvolvida foi demonstrada através da preparação de um intermediário de alquinilação avançado. A atividade antiproliferativa desse composto foi investigada, mostrando-se apenas fracamente ativo com uma atividade mais pronunciada para células de carcinoma de ovário e leucemia. / In the first part of the thesis several synthetic routes for the preparation of the northeast and southwest fragments of the bisindolic alkaloid Raputindole D, whose total synthesis has never been described, were approached. The initial proposal was to obtain the northeast fragment in 13 steps from the commercial compound 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, using as key steps a Diels-Alder reaction, a reductive ring opening and a ring contraction with iodine(III). Employing a regioselective Diels-Alder reaction of a silyl substituted intermediate, the construction of a linear tricyclic unit was achieved with the obtainment of a single regioisomer. However, all attempts to ring opening of the oxabicyclic alkene only resulted in the undesired regioisomer, although previous studies with model compounds revealed that this proposal was feasible. Thus, it was possible to access an advanced intermediary in 13 steps and 12% overall yield. The southwest fragment was obtained in 3 steps from commercial 5- bromoindole in 47% overall yield and employing as main steps a Sonogashira reaction and a coupling with 1-hydroxybenziodoxolone. In the second part of the thesis are presented the results regarding the study of the key step for the connection of the northeast and southwest fragments, through the development of a new methodology for the electrophilic α-alkynylation of non-activated aromatic carbonyl compounds with the hypervalent iodine TMS- EBX. Employing t-BuOK as a base and TBAF as an activating agent, mono- and dialkynylated ketones were obtained in good yields. The use of aldehydes as substrates also proved to be possible, allowing to access homopropargylic alcohols derivatives in moderate yields after reduction in situ using NaBH4. Finally, the application of the developed methodology was demonstrated by the preparation of an advanced alkynylation intermediate. The antiproliferative activity of this compound was investigated, showing only weakly active with a more pronounced activity for ovarian carcinoma and leukemia cells.

The introduction of a nanoscopic reinforcing phase to a polymer matrix offers great possibilities of obtaining improved properties, enabling applications outside the boundaries of traditional composites. The majority of the work in this thesis has been devoted to polymer/clay nanocomposites in coating applications, using the hydroxyl-functional hyperbranched polyester Boltorn® as matrix and montmorillonite clay as nanofiller. Nanocomposites with a high degree of exfoliation were readily prepared using the straightforward solution-intercalation method with water as solvent. Hard and scratch-resistant coatings with preserved flexibility and transparency were obtained, and acrylate functionalization of Boltorn® rendered a UV-curable system with similar property improvements. In order to elucidate the effect of the dendritic architecture on the exfoliation process, a comparative study on the hyperbranched polyester Boltorn® and a linear analogue of this polymer was performed. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the superior efficiency of the hyperbranched polymer in the preparation of this type of nanocomposites. Additionally, an objective of this thesis was to investigate how cellulose nanofibers can be utilized in high performance polymer nanocomposites. A reactive cellulose “nanopaper” template was combined with a hydrophilic hyperbranched thermoset matrix, resulting in a unique nanocomposite with significantly enhanced properties. Moreover, in order to fully utilize the great potential of cellulose nanofibers as reinforcement in hydrophobic polymer matrices, the hydrophilic surface of cellulose needs to be modified in order to improve the compatibility. For this, a grafting-from approach was explored, using ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) from microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), resulting in PCL-modified MFC. It was found that the hydrophobicity of the cellulose surfaces increased with longer graft lengths, and that polymer grafting rendered a smoother surface morphology. Subsequently, PCL-grafted MFC film/PCL film bilayer laminates were prepared in order to investigate the interfacial adhesion. Peel tests demonstrated a gradual increase in the interfacial adhesion with increasing graft lengths. / QC20100621

Synthetic and degradable polymers are an attractive choicein many areas, since it is possible to control the way in whichthey are manufactured; more specifically, pathways tomanipulate the architecture, the mechanical properties and thedegradation times have been identified. In this work,L-lactide, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and ε-caprolactone were usedas monomers to synthesize polymers with different architecturesby ring-opening polymerization. By using novel initiators,triblock copolymers, functionalized linear macromonomers andstar-shaped aliphatic polyesters with well-defined structureshave been synthesized. To synthesize triblock copolymers,cyclic germanium initiators were studied. The polymerizationproceeded in a controlled manner although the reaction rateswere low. To introduce functionality into the polymer backbone,functionalized cyclic tin alkoxides were prepared and used asinitiators. During the insertion-coordination polymerization,the initiator fragment consisting mainly of a double bond wasincorporated into the polymer backbone. The double bond wasalso successfully epoxidized and this gave unique possibilitiesof synthesizing graft polymers with precise spacing. Themacromonomer technique is a very effective method for producingwell-defined graft polymers. Spirocyclic tin initiators weresynthesized and used to construct star-shaped polymers. Thestar-shaped polymers were subsequently crosslinked in apolycondensation reaction. These crosslinked structures swelledin water, and swelling tests showed that by changing thestructure of the hydrogel network, the degree of swelling canbe altered. A first evaluation of the surface characteristicsof the linear triblock copolymers was also performed. AFManalysis of the heat-treated surfaces revealed nanometer-scalefibers and tests showed that keratinocytes were able to growand proliferate on these surfaces. / QC 20100602

The goal of this work was to synthesize complex macromolecular architectures such as dendrimers and dendronized polymers, and evaluate the effect from the dendrons on the optical and material properties. The work presented in this doctoral thesis, Dendrimers and Dendronized Polymers - Synthesis and Characterization, is divided into one minor and one major part. The first part deals with the synthesis and characterization of two sets of dendritic porphyrins based on 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA). The second part deals with the synthesis and characterization of dendronized poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacylate), dendronized poly(norbornene), and dendronized triblock copolymers, were the pendant dendrons are based on bis-MPA. Both free-base and zinc containing dendritic porphyrins was synthesized up to the fifth generation by employing iterative ester coupling utilizing the acetonide protected anhydride of bis-MPA as generic building block. First and second generation dendron bearing methacrylates based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were also synthesized by utilizing the acetonide protected anhydride of bis-MPA, and subsequently polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization. By adopting a divergent “graft-to” approach starting from the first generation dendronized poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate), well-defined dendronized polymers with acetonide, hydroxyl, acetate and hexadecyl surface functionality were obtained. By utilizing the same divergent iterative esterfication, first to fourth generation dendron functionalized norbornenes were synthesized. These monomers were polymerized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization, utilizing either Grubbs´ first or second generation catalyst. Acrylate functional first to fourth generation monomers were synthesized by the copper(I) catalyzed “click” coupling of azido functional dendrons and propargyl acrylate. The monomers were polymerized to dendronized triblock copolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, utilizing a difunctional poly(methyl methacrylate) as macro chain transfer agent. The bulk properties of the dendronized poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate) and poly(norbornene) were investigated by dynamic rheological measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that all the acetonide functional bis-MPA based dendronized polymers had glass transitions temperatures in a similar range. The rheological behaviour showed that for the dendronized polymers having the same backbone length the complex viscosity as a function of functionality was independent of the surface functionality of the polymer. The generation number of the polymer had a profound influence on the complex viscosity, changing form a Newtonian behaviour to a shear thinning behaviour when the generation of the dendrons was increased from two to four. The dendronized poly(norbornene) had increasingly shorter backbone lengths for each generational increase, and for the materials set with comparably lower degree of polymerization, the G’ part of the complex modulus was mostly affected by attaching larger dendrons. In the case of the sample set of higher degree of polymerization, the second, third, and fourth generation samples had similar slopes of the G’ and G” curves, indicating a similar relaxation behaviour. / QC 20100914

No description available.

<p>This thesis describes the synthesis and characterization ofbranched semi-crystalline polymers. Included in this work isthe SEC characterization of a series of dendrimers. Thebranched semi-crystalline polymers were synthesized in order toinvestigate the concept of their use as powder coatings resins.This concept being that the use of branched semi-crystallinepolymers in a UV-cured powder coating system may offer a lowertemperature alternative thus allowing the use of heat sensitivesubstrates and the added benefit of a reduced viscositycompared to linear polymers.</p><p>A series of branched poly(ε-caprolactone)’s (PCL)(degree of polymerization: 5-200) initiated from hydroxylfunctional initiators were synthesized. The final architectureswere controlled by the choice of initiator structure;specifically the dendritic initiators yielded starbranchedPCL’s while the linear initiator yielded comb-branchedPCL’s. The dendritic initiators utilized were: (1) a3rd-generation Boltorn H-30, commercially availablehyperbranched polyester with approximately 32 hydroxyl groups,(2) a 3rd-generation dendrimer with 24 hydroxyl groups, and (3)a 3rd-generation dendron with 8 hydroxyl groups. Linear PCL wassynthesized for comparison. All dendritic initiators are basedon 2,2- bis(methylol) propionic acid. The comb-branchedpolymers were initiated from a modified peroxide functionalpolyacrylate. The resins were end-capped withmethylmethacrylate in order to produce a cross-linkable system.The polymers and films were characterized using 1H NMR, 13CNMR, SEC, DMTA, DSC, FT-IR, FT-Raman, rheometry and a rheometercoupled to a UV-lamp to measure cure behavior.</p><p>The star-branched PCL’s exhibited considerably lowerviscosities than their linear counterparts with the samemolecular weight for the molecular region investigated (2-550kg mol-1). It was also found that the zero shear viscosityincreased roughly exponentially with M.</p><p>The PCL star-branched resins are semi-crystalline and theirmelting points (Tm) range from 34-50°C; films can beformed and cured below 80°C. The viscoelastic behaviourduring the cure showed that the time to reach the gel point, afew seconds, increased linearly with molecular weight. Thecrossover of G’and G’’was used as the gelpoint. Measurement of mechanical properties of films showedthat the low molecular weight polymers were amorphous whilethose with high molecular weight were crystalline after cure.The polymerization of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one (NPC) fromoligo- and multifunctional initiators was evaluated utilizingcoordination and cationic polymerization. Two tin basedcatalysts, stannous(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and stannous(II)trifluoromethane sulfonate, were compared with fumaric acid.Fumaric acid under bulk conditions resulted in lowerpolydispersity and less chance of gelling. The synthesis ofstar-branched polymers was confirmed by SEC data. The starpolymers exhibited a Tg at 20-30°C and a Tm at about100°C.</p><p>All semi-crystalline resins exhibited a fast decrease inviscosity at Tm. Blends of combbranched semi-crystalline resinsand amorphous resins exhibited a transition behavior inbetweenthat of pure semi-crystalline resins and that of amorphousresins.</p><p>The SEC characterization of a series of dendrimers withdifferent cores and terminal groups showed that the core had animpact on the viscosimetric radius of the core while theterminal groups appeared to have no effect.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>star-branched, semi-crystalline,comb-branched, ring-opening polymerization,poly(ε-caprolactone), dendritic, thermoset, lowtemperature curing, powder coating, UVcuring,poly(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one), size exclusionchromatography, rheology, dendritic aliphatic polyester</p>

Les acides biliaires sont des composés naturels existants dans le corps humain. Leur biocompatibilité, leur caractère amphiphile et la rigidité de leur noyau stéroïdien, ainsi que l’excellent contrôle de leurs modifications chimiques, en font de remarquables candidats pour la préparation de matériaux biodégradables pour le relargage de médicaments et l'ingénierie tissulaire. Nous avons préparé une variété de polymères à base d’acides biliaires ayant de hautes masses molaires. Des monomères macrocycliques ont été synthétisés à partir de diènes composés de chaînes alkyles flexibles attachées à un noyau d'acide biliaire via des liens esters ou amides. Ces synthèses ont été réalisées par la fermeture de cycle par métathèse, utilisant le catalyseur de Grubbs de première génération. Les macrocycles obtenus ont ensuite été polymérisés par ouverture de cycle, entropiquement induite le catalyseur de Grubbs de seconde génération. Des copolymères ont également été préparés à partir de monolactones d'acide ricinoléique et de monomères cycliques de triester d’acide cholique via la même méthode. Les propriétés thermiques et mécaniques et la dégradabilité de ces polymères ont été étudiées. Elles peuvent être modulées en modifiant les différents groupes fonctionnels décorant l’acide biliaire et en ayant recours à la copolymérisation. La variation des caractéristiques physiques de ces polymères biocompatibles permet de moduler d’autres propriétés utiles, tel que l’effet de mémoire de forme qui est important pour des applications biomédicales. / Bile acids are natural compounds in the body. Their biocompatibility, facial amphiphilicity, rigidity of steroid nucleus, and ease of chemical modification make them excellent candidates as building blocks for making biodegradable materials used in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. We have prepared main-chain bile acid-based polymers having high molecular weights. Macrocyclic monomers were synthesized from dienes, which consist of flexible alkyl chains attached to a bile acid core through either ester or amide linkages, via ring closing metathesis using first-generation Grubbs catalyst. They were polymerized using entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization using second-generation Grubbs catalyst. Copolymers were also prepared from monolactone of ricinoleic acid and cholic acid-based cyclic triester monomer via the same method. The thermal and mechanical properties and degradation behaviours of these polymers have been investigated. The properties can be tuned by varying the chemical linking with the bile acid moiety and by varying the chemical composition of the polymers such as copolymerization with ricinoleic acid lactones. The tunability of the physical properties of these biocompatible polymers gives access to a range of interesting attributes. For example, shape memory properties have been observed in some samples. This may prove useful in the design of materials for biomedical applications.