Orientador: Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira Morellato / Coorientadora: Maria Tereza Grombone Guaratini / Banca: Marco Antonio de Assis / Banca: Juliano van Melis / Resumo: Na presente dissertação, e em seu primeiro capítulo, estudamos duas comunidades de cerrado sensu stricto no Estado de São Paulo: a primeira localizada no município de Itirapina (Fazenda São José da Conquista) e a segunda em Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (Parque Estadual de Vassununga, Gleba Cerrado Pé de Gigante). Estabelecemos 10 transectos (2 x 50 metros) seguindo o método proposto por Gentry (1982), amostrando todos os indivíduos lenhosos com DAP > 2,5 cm. Verificamos que o método adotado permitiu amostrar estrutura e composição florística em cerrado sensu stricto, incluindo diferentes formas de crescimento vegetal. No segundo capítulo, investigamos a influência, principalmente da sazonalidade, no padrão de riqueza de espécies arbóreas (árvores e arbustos) e de lianas de vegetações situadas na região Neotropical, compilando 124 áreas do banco de dados de Gentry (http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/gentry/transect.shtml), incluindo as duas áreas de estudo amostradas no primeiro capítulo. A diversidade de plantas na região tropical tem sido correlacionada com variáveis climáticas, particularmente com a distribuição da precipitação. A combinação entre ausência de sazonalidade e elevada precipitação estão relacionadas à maior riqueza de espécies. Nossa premissa é que, em locais com sazonalidade climática, os recursos e a produtividade primária são reduzidos, o que pode reduzir a riqueza de árvores e de lianas. Lianas tendem a ser mais resistentes à estação seca do que árvores em ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the present dissertation, and in its first chapter, we studied two communities of cerrado sensu stricto in the State of São Paulo: the first one located in the Itirapina city (Farm São José da Conquista) and the second in Santa Rita do Passa Quatro (State Park of Vassununga, Gleba Cerrado "Pé de Gigante" Giant Foot). We established 10 transects (2 x 50 meters) following the method proposed by Gentry (1982), sampling all woody individuals with DBH> 2.5 cm. We verified that the adopted method allowed to sample structure and floristic composition in cerrado sensu stricto, including different forms of vegetal growth. In the second chapter, we investigated the influence, mainly of seasonality, on the richness of arboreal species (trees and shrubs) and woody climbers (lianas) located in the Neotropical region, compiling 124 areas of the Gentry database (http: // www. Mobot.org/MOBOT/research/gentry/transect.shtml), including the two areas of study sampled in the first chapter. The diversity of plants in the tropical region has been correlated with climatic variables, particularly with precipitation distribution. The combination of absence of seasonality and high precipitation are related to the greater species richness. Our premise is that, in places with climatic seasonality, resources and primary productivity are reduced, which can reduce woody species richness. Lianas tend to be more resistant to dry season than trees due to physiological attributes, being able to present inc... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:47:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438992.pdf: 1635524 bytes, checksum: 11b5d89438f3b647345bca05fdc7c9e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-25 / In this thesis we tried to analyze the representations of science articles and editorials in the Journal Spiritist in Porto Alegre, in the 1930s. From the methodology of content analysis (CA) seek to identify the arguments used by newspaper writers to (re) asserting the scientific spiritism, closely linked to how sought to represent his doctrine as a scientific knowledge of the similarity of Sciences accurate. Through this approach we can see that this focus on the spiritual doctrine kept relations with the historical context marked by a strong rationalist bias, and what transpired in the intensive reading of the arguments of members of the newspaper Paul Hecker. Taken as a source / object of study in the Journal Spiritist also allowed a better understanding of the local impact of a broader discussion, linked to the history of Spiritualism in the country, marked by division between scientists and mystics. / Nesta disserta??o procuramos analisar as representa??es sobre a ci?ncia nos artigos e editoriais do Jornal Esp?rita, em Porto Alegre, na d?cada de 1930. A partir da metodologia da An?lise de Conte?do (AC) buscamos identificar os argumentos utilizados pelos articulistas do jornal para (re)afirmar a cientificidade do Espiritismo, estreitamente ligados a forma como procuravam fazer representar a sua doutrina, como um conhecimento cient?fico a semelhan?a das ci?ncias exatas. Atrav?s desta abordagem conseguimos perceber que este enfoque sobre a doutrina esp?rita guardava rela??es com contexto hist?rico marcado por um forte vi?s racionalista, e que transpareceu na leitura intensiva dos argumentos dos colaboradores do jornal de Paulo Hecker. Tomado como fonte/objeto deste estudo o Jornal Esp?rita nos permitiu, tamb?m, uma melhor compreens?o da repercuss?o a n?vel local de uma discuss?o mais ampla, ligada a hist?ria do Espiritismo no pa?s, marcada pela divis?o entre cient?ficos e m?sticos.

This Education Resource Guide includes activities regarding the following three topics related to P.S. Be Eleven, followed by discussion questions, and a list of books for further reading: Motown Vietnam War and PTSD Senator Robert F. Kennedy

<p>Denna studie innefattar mallarnas vara eller inte vara i barnens kreativa bildskapande i en förskola och förskoleklass. Avsikten med denna undersökning var att studera om mallar förekommer ofta i bildskapandet samt mallarnas funktion, dess syfte och om det fanns någon forskning kring detta. Hur påverkar mallar, schabloner och målarblad barnens utveckling i bildskapande? Vi anser att det är av stor vikt att lyfta fram denna undersökning för att bildskapandet har betydelse för barnets fortsatta utveckling. Det är väsentligt att de som arbetar med barn och har barn kan ta del av denna studie av barnens utveckling i ritandet. Vi vuxna bör beakta barnens användande av mallar för att inte hämma deras utveckling i att rita.</p><p> </p><p>Vi har studerat litteratur såsom läroplaner, historiken kring bildskapande, vad forskare säger om mallar, schabloner och målarblad och barns utveckling i bildskapande. Forskare är mycket negativa till mallar/schabloner/målarblad för att det hämmar barnens ritutveckling. Vi har även undersökt vad pedagogen bör tänka på när det gäller bildskapande och till sist lärarnas arbete med bildskapande. Det är viktigt att pedagogen har kunskap i att lära barnen tekniker i att rita utan att vara utbildad bildlärare och hur det kan göras med enkla medel. Som metod har vi valt att observera genom filmning när förskollärare har bildskapande verksamhet tillsammans med barnen samt intervjuat förskollärare. Utifrån syftet och frågeställningarna har vi kommit fram till i studien att förskollärarnas uppfattningar kring bildskapande är lite olika. Mallar, schabloner och målarblad förekommer ofta och syftet med mallar är att barnen får träna klipptekniken. Mallar, schabloner och målarblad ska inte användas i tidiga åldrar för barnen måste lära sig att först och främst rita på egen hand.</p><p> </p>

Denna studie innefattar mallarnas vara eller inte vara i barnens kreativa bildskapande i en förskola och förskoleklass. Avsikten med denna undersökning var att studera om mallar förekommer ofta i bildskapandet samt mallarnas funktion, dess syfte och om det fanns någon forskning kring detta. Hur påverkar mallar, schabloner och målarblad barnens utveckling i bildskapande? Vi anser att det är av stor vikt att lyfta fram denna undersökning för att bildskapandet har betydelse för barnets fortsatta utveckling. Det är väsentligt att de som arbetar med barn och har barn kan ta del av denna studie av barnens utveckling i ritandet. Vi vuxna bör beakta barnens användande av mallar för att inte hämma deras utveckling i att rita.   Vi har studerat litteratur såsom läroplaner, historiken kring bildskapande, vad forskare säger om mallar, schabloner och målarblad och barns utveckling i bildskapande. Forskare är mycket negativa till mallar/schabloner/målarblad för att det hämmar barnens ritutveckling. Vi har även undersökt vad pedagogen bör tänka på när det gäller bildskapande och till sist lärarnas arbete med bildskapande. Det är viktigt att pedagogen har kunskap i att lära barnen tekniker i att rita utan att vara utbildad bildlärare och hur det kan göras med enkla medel. Som metod har vi valt att observera genom filmning när förskollärare har bildskapande verksamhet tillsammans med barnen samt intervjuat förskollärare. Utifrån syftet och frågeställningarna har vi kommit fram till i studien att förskollärarnas uppfattningar kring bildskapande är lite olika. Mallar, schabloner och målarblad förekommer ofta och syftet med mallar är att barnen får träna klipptekniken. Mallar, schabloner och målarblad ska inte användas i tidiga åldrar för barnen måste lära sig att först och främst rita på egen hand.

Annually, tropical cyclones do tremendous damage and are agents of long-term coastal change. To test this idea of different tropical cyclones delivering consistent coastal change, a landform with such evolution is needed. One such landform is a spit. What contributions do tropical cyclones give toward the evolution of a spit, and do tropical cyclones give the same kinds of impacts? To determine if tropical cyclones have similar impacts, shoreline and volumetric change from four storms impacting Bolivar Peninsula are considered. Being a southwest-trended spit at a length of 33.5 kilometers, storm impacts are measured in the form of one dimensional shoreline and two dimensional volumetric change. These impacts are abstracted into shoreline change and volumetric change patterns. These patterns are identified and compared for differences between each storm and similarity among all storms. Results indicate that shoreline accretionary zones vary alongshore. Results from Hurricane Ike indicate an accretionary zone ten kilometers from the distal end. Shoreline change patterns for Hurricane Rita show an unstable accretionary zone at four kilometers from the distal end. Results for Tropical Storm Fay indicate an unstable accretionary zone that begins at the distal end and continues to the middle of the spit. In terms of similarity for shoreline change, all patterns from storms demonstrated erosion near Rollover Fish Pass. One dimensional volumetric change patterns were entirely erosive for Hurricanes Rita and Ike, and Tropical Storm Fay had by small zones of accretion near the distal portion of the spit. Tropical Storm Josephine demonstrated an accretion zone between the middle and distal portion of the spit. Results from two dimensional volumetric change patterns suggest a threshold for inland penetration. Tropical Storm Fay showed a ten to twenty meter wide pattern of erosion around five kilometers from the distal end and near the proximal end of the spit, and Hurricane Rita demonstrated a twenty meter wide pattern of erosion near the distal end. Hurricane Ike had erosive penetration of up to 200 meters around fifteen kilometers from the distal end. Results suggest that certain storms reinforce the standard spit growth model, and others work against it.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

In August and September of 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated the Gulf Coast with damages estimated at $85 billion. Hurricane Katrina was so devastating that the number of lives lost and injuries sustained is still being calculated. Hurricane Rita, which made landfall in the southwestern part of the Louisiana just a few weeks after Katrina, did not cause as much damage as Katrina but was devastating nonetheless. In both cases, two Louisiana community colleges, Nunez Community College and SOWELA Technical Community College, were damaged to the point that many doubted that either college would have a future. Both community colleges, however, continued classes and are in operation today. This study examines the actions of the institutional leadership at Nunez Community College and SOWELA Technical Community College in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to conduct case studies on each college. A substantive theory emerged from the findings explaining the resiliency of both institutions. / text

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Uncertainty of predicted change in precipitation frequency and intensity motivates the scientific community to better understand, quantify, and model the possible outcome of dryland ecosystems. In pulse dependent ecosystems (i.e. monsoon driven) soil moisture is tightly linked to atmospheric processes. Here, I analyze three overarching questions; Q1) How does soil moisture presence or absence in a shallow or deep layer influence the surface energy budget and planetary boundary layer characteristics?, Q2) What is the role of vegetation on ecosystem albedo in the presence or absence of deep soil moisture?, Q3) Can we develop empirical relationships between soil moisture and the planetary boundary layer height to help evaluate the role of future precipitation changes in land surface atmosphere interactions?. To address these questions I use a conceptual framework based on the presence or absence of soil moisture in a shallow or deep layer. I define these layers by using root profiles and establish soil moisture thresholds for each layer using four years of observations from the Santa Rita Creosote Ameriflux site. Soil moisture drydown curves were used to establish the shallow layer threshold in the shallow layer, while NEE (Net Ecosystem Exchange of carbon dioxide) was used to define the deep soil moisture threshold. Four cases were generated using these thresholds: Case 1, dry shallow layer and dry deep layer; Case 2, wet shallow layer and dry deep layer; Case 3, wet shallow layer and wet deep layer, and Case 4 dry shallow and wet deep layer. Using this framework, I related data from the Ameriflux site SRC (Santa Rita Creosote) from 2008 to 2012 and from atmospheric soundings from the nearby Tucson Airport; conducted field campaigns during 2011 and 2012 to measure albedo from individual bare and canopy patches that were then evaluated in a grid to estimate the influence of deep moisture on albedo via vegetation cover change; and evaluated the potential of using a two-layer bucket model and empirical relationships to evaluate the link between deep soil moisture and the planetary boundary layer height under changing precipitation regime. My results indicate that (1) the presence or absence of water in two layers plays a role in surface energy dynamics, (2) soil moisture presence in the deep layer is linked with decreased ecosystem albedo and planetary boundary layer height, (3) deep moisture sustains vegetation greenness and decreases albedo, and (4) empirical relationships are useful in modeling planetary boundary layer height from dryland ecosystems. Based on these results we argue that deep soil moisture plays an important role in land surface-atmosphere interactions.