Submitted by Gustavo Gomes (gustavolascasas@gmail.com) on 2013-09-25T12:43:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Ensaios em finan??as p??blicas municipais.pdf: 875614 bytes, checksum: dc145cd22b82eaa33bc4cda649abe175 (MD5) license_rdf: 23599 bytes, checksum: 9e2b7f6edbd693264102b96ece20428a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roger Guedes (roger.guedes@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2013-09-27T00:07:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Ensaios em finan??as p??blicas municipais.pdf: 875614 bytes, checksum: dc145cd22b82eaa33bc4cda649abe175 (MD5) license_rdf: 23599 bytes, checksum: 9e2b7f6edbd693264102b96ece20428a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T00:07:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ensaios em finan??as p??blicas municipais.pdf: 875614 bytes, checksum: dc145cd22b82eaa33bc4cda649abe175 (MD5) license_rdf: 23599 bytes, checksum: 9e2b7f6edbd693264102b96ece20428a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Funda????o Jo??o Pinheiro / Esta tese busca discutir problemas relacionados ??s finan??as p??blicas municipais no pa??s. Um aprimoramento de nosso federalismo fiscal, com maior descentraliza????o de recursos e implementa????o de regras de transfer??ncias federativas com maiores incentivos pr??-efici??ncia ??? aumentando os incentivos pr??-obten????o de melhores resultados sociais por parte das unidades subfederadas ??? pode se revelar instrumento importante na melhoria de nossas condi????es sociais. Para isto, dividiu-se esta tese em quatro partes distintas. No primeiro cap??tulo, discutem-se os impactos das receitas petrol??feras sobre as finan??as p??blicas municipais. As mudan??as legais ocorridas no pa??s na d??cada de noventa do ??ltimo s??culo - relativas ao setor petrol??fero - levaram a crescente (e concentrada) transfer??ncia de recursos do setor para os estados e munic??pios brasileiros. A forte sensa????o que estes estariam sendo desperdi??ados de alguma forma vem suscitando discuss??es sobre a necessidade de se reformular sua distribui????o. As recentes descobertas de megacampos petrol??feros no pr??-sal do litoral brasileiro somente intensificaram este processo. Buscou-se identificar os efeitos destas transfer??ncias sobre as vari??veis fiscais municipais no pa??s. Detectou-se que n??o ocorreu substitui????o tribut??ria, ou seja, estes recursos n??o diminu??ram o esfor??o arrecadat??rio dos munic??pios. Em compensa????o, tanto os recursos cuja distribui????o ?? bem mais concentrada (referentes aos royalties excedentes) quanto aqueles mais bem-distribu??dos (referentes aos royalties originais) levaram as prefeituras a aumentar seus gastos correntes (piorando sua composi????o do ponto de vista social) e diminuir seus investimentos. O contr??rio parece ocorrer com os recursos cuja distribui????o se d?? de forma intermedi??ria (os royalties referentes ??s participa????es especiais. No segundo cap??tulo, discute-se o impacto das receitas petrol??feras sobre a profici??ncia dos alunos at?? a quarta s??rie prim??ria das escolas p??blicas municipais. As receitas petrol??feras ??? agregadas ou n??o ??? n??o se mostraram estatisticamente significativas na explica????o do desempenho observado pelos alunos da quarta s??rie prim??ria das escolas municipais em portugu??s ou matem??tica. Este resultado, entretanto, deve ser olhado com cautela, uma vez que n??o ?? trivial identificar como (e o tempo necess??rio) estes efeitos seriam gerados. Entretanto, diferentes fontes de receitas municipais impactariam de forma diferenciada as profici??ncias observadas nos testes de portugu??s e matem??tica, explicitando a necessidade de se entender melhor estas diferen??as para se desenhar mecanismo mais eficiente de repasse de recursos constitucionais aos munic??pios. No terceiro cap??tulo, estudam-se os impactos das emancipa????es municipais ocorridas na d??cada de 90 sobre o bem-estar das popula????es locais. Devido ?? Constitui????o Federal de 1988, o n??mero de munic??pios no Brasil multiplicou-se fortemente na d??cada de 90 do ??ltimo s??culo. Mais de mil munic??pios foram criados em todo o pa??s, fazendo seu n??mero ultrapassar a casa dos 5.500. Este processo tem sido interpretado de forma bastante negativa. Baseado em evid??ncias aned??ticas, se pressup??e que os atores pol??ticos locais o utilizaram para se apropriar de maior parcela dos recursos transferidos de outros n??veis governamentais. Entretanto, nenhum esfor??o mais sistem??tico foi realizado buscando calcular, de maneira efetiva, os resultados sociais l??quidos deste processo. ?? isto que se busca fazer aqui, utilizando dados sobre os munic??pios mineiros - cujo n??mero passa de 723 em 1991 para 853 em 2000. Foram detectados impactos positivos relacionados a diversas vari??veis educacionais e de sa??de. Ao mesmo tempo, o contr??rio ocorreu com os indicadores de pobreza e indig??ncia. Este resultado mostra que o movimento observado de emancipa????o municipal talvez tenha sido bastante ben??fico, sinalizando para a exist??ncia de mercados pol??ticos eficientes nestas localidades, o que indicaria a necessidade de se manter uma maior autonomia local relativa a processos de emancipa????o de distritos. Por fim, no quarto cap??tulo, analisam-se os impactos de lei (implementada em Minas Gerais) que buscou aumentar os incentivos pr??-efici??ncia das prefeituras municipais a partir das transfer??ncias federativas. Buscando melhorar as condi????es de vida dos munic??pios mineiros, o governo estadual mineiro instituiu, em 1995, a lei 12.040, conhecida como Lei Robin Hood. Esta permitia que 25% dos recursos de ICMS a serem distribu??dos aos munic??pios mineiros se dessem sobre resultados observ??veis em diversas ??reas tais como sa??de, educa????o, conserva????o ecol??gica, entre outras. Ou seja, esta institu??a, em rela????o a estas transfer??ncias, um contrato de alto poder com os munic??pios relacionados ??s pol??ticas p??blicas implementadas. O estudo destas transfer??ncias (relativas ?? educa????o e sa??de) mostrou resultados d??bios. Resultados positivos relativos ?? educa????o e ?? sa??de parecem ocorrer em todo o estado, mas os incentivos dados poderiam ser bem maiores - faz-se necess??rio um refinamento das regras da partilha destas transfer??ncias. Dada a relativa escassez deste tipo de contrato em transfer??ncias federativas, seja no Brasil, seja no restante do mundo, este resultado aponta a necessidade de utiliza????o de instrumentos de maior poder nas rela????es federativas, buscando incrementar as condi????es de vida locais. / This thesis aims to discuss municipal public finance issues. An improvement of the Brazilian fiscal federalism, with greater resources decentralization and the implementation of high-powered rules for the federative transfers may be an important tool in the improvement of our social conditions. To do so, this thesis was divided into four distinct parts. The first chapter discusses the oil revenues impacts on municipalities??? public finance. The legal changes that occurred in Brazil in the nineties in the oil and gas sector led to increasing royalties transfers to Brazilians states and municipalities. The annedoctical evidence that this transfers are not been used properly - in a way that would increment the local welfare - have originated a important discussion about these distribution rules. This paper tries to identify this revenues impacts over others municipalities??? fiscal variables. It seems that this did not impact the others sources of municipalities revenue. Unhappily, some of the resources (which distribution is either more or less concentrated) led the municipalities to increase their current expenditures and diminishes their investments efforts. At the same time, they are not spending this extra money in a way that would increment the local welfare. On the other hand, the resources which distribution is between these two limits has the opposite effect. The second chapter discusses the impact of oil revenues on the proficiency of fourth grade students of primary public schools. The oil revenues - bundled or not - were not statistically significant in explaining the observed student performance in Portuguese and mathematics. This result, however, must be analyzed with caution, since it is not trivial to identify how (and when) these effects would be generated. However, different sources of municipal revenue would impact differently the students??? proficiency scores, explaining why we need to better understand these differences to design more efficient constitutional transfer mechanisms to the municipalities. In the third chapter, we study the impacts of municipal emancipation occurred in the 90s on the well-being of local populations. More than a thousand of new municipalities were created at the nineties in Brazil, due the new Federal Constitution of 1988. There is anecdotic evidence that this was a pretty harmful process for the Brazilian welfare, but there were no systematic attempt to valuate it properly. This paper tries to do so using data from Minas Gerais municipalities which number has grown from 723 to 853 ones in that decade. The results suggest that this process strongly improved the welfare of the local population. This implies that local political markets are efficient and it should be allowed for any district to emancipate from its former municipalities, if their population wishes to do so. Finally, in the fourth chapter we analyze the impact of law (implemented in Minas Gerais) who sought to increase the incentives pro-efficiency of municipal governments. In order to improve the welfare of its citizens, the state government of Minas Gerais (Brazil) has imposed, at 1995, the state law 12.040, known as Robin Hood law. It stated that 25% of the revenue transferred to the municipalities should be allocated through observable results achieved in education, health, environment among others. In other words, this law established a high power contract between the state government and the municipalities, which is not very usual. This study shows that this law had a significant impact on the municipalities??? education and health. But it???s necessary to redesign these transfers??? rules, in order to improve its power and its results. These results shows that the use of high powered rules in federative transfers could be a strong mechanism in order to improve the population welfare. / Economia e Finan??as

Clefts of orofacial komplex are the most common birth development defects. One of them is Pierre Robin sequence, which is characterized by presence of micrognathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction. Because of these symptoms, isolated cleft palate "U" or "V" shaped can be part of the diagnose. Other clinical manifestations are feeding difficulties, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and / or gastroesophageal reflux disease. The aim of the treatment is to secure the airway and the child's thriving after birth by using conservative or invasive treatment methods. Choosing of methods and procedures should be established by multidisciplinary cooperation. The other part of diploma thesis is trying to find out, which clinical manifestation are the most common in patients from the Czech Republic compare to foreign patients and the differences in management of the treatment. Furthermore we are trying to investigate, whether there is higher percentage of patients with delayed neuromotor development among PRS patients, which are under physical therapy. The last part is trying to find out the relationship between the poor posture and PRS diagnose in children age 4 - 6 years.

Scheduling is extremely important for modern real-time systems. It enables several programs to run in parallel and succeed with their tasks. Many systems today are real-time systems, which means that good scheduling is highly needed. This thesis aims to evaluate the real-time scheduling algorithm earliest deadline first, newly introduced into the Linux kernel, and compare it to the already existing real-time scheduling algorithms first in, first out and round robin in the context of firm tasks. By creating a test program that can create pthreads and set their scheduling characteristics, the performance of earliest deadline first can be evaluated and compared to the others. / Schemaläggning är extremt viktigt för dagens realtidssystem. Det tillåter att flera program körs parallellt samtidigt som deras processer inte misslyckas med sina uppgifter. Idag är många system realtidssystem, vilket innebär att det finns ett ytterst stort behov för en bra schemaläggningsalgoritm. Målet med det här examensarbetet är att utvärdera schema-läggningsalgoritmen earliest deadline first som nyligen introducerats i operativsystemet Linux. Målet är även att jämföra algoritmen med två andra schemaläggningsalgoritmer (first in, first out och round robin), vilka redan är väletablerade i Linux kärnan. Det här görs med avseende på processer klassificerade som firm. Genom att skapa ett program som kan skapa pthreads med önskvärda egenskaper kan prestandan av earliest deadline first algoritmen utvärderas, samt jämföras med de andra algoritmerna.

This thesis is structured around an exploration of the global phenomenon hip-hop. It considers how its far-reaching effects, as a cultural export from the United States,have influenced cultural production in South Africa. The investigation focuses specifically on the work of two visual artists: Zimbabwean born, Johannesburg-based Kudzanai Chiurai, and Cape Town born, Berlin-based Robin Rhode. The introduction familiarises the reader with the two artists and briefly outlines their histories and methods, as well as giving a short history of the development of hip-hop as a subculture from its beginnings in 1970s New York. The first chapter follows this brief introduction to outline some of the parallels, especially concerning race relations, between 1970s America and post-apartheid contemporary South Africa. This comparison aims to highlight similarities that gave rise to the hip-hop phenomenon and which also place South Africa in a prime position to welcome such influences. The second half of the chapter explores how migration theory and issues of diaspora have not only influenced the development of hip-hop, but have also become points of focus for both artists, who are in fact disporans themselves. The second chapter explores ‘ground level’ concerns of everyday life in the city. Issues of crime,gangsterism, politics and activism are characterised as focal elements of Chiurai’s and Rhode’s artwork and also of hip-hop musical content. Inner city contexts in different parts of the globe are compared through a discussion of the art and music that come out of them. This comparison of the philosophical and conceptual content of the art and music is extended, in Chapter three, into a comparison of methods of production, considering how these influence various readings of the artistic output, whether musical or visual. Ideas of authenticity are discussed and finally the focus shifts to explore how both the conceptual and practical concerns of musicians and artists are being shaped by an increasingly ‘globalized’ world. The conclusion explores the challenges that globalization poses to cultural practitioners and seeks to highlight some of the artists’ methods as examples with which to facilitate the growth of a more inclusive global aesthetic.

The thesis is focused on the exploration of income inequality among citizens of the Czech Republic and Great Britain. It is a comparison that evaluates the state income redistribution through state social support benefits. It provides information, in which country exists greater income inequality in income distribution among households and whether the income inequality among the citizens decreased due to the payment of these benefits or not. The theoretical parts of the work are devoted to explanation of basic terms (such as income redistribution, instruments of redistribution, relationship between social policy and redistribution) and tools for measuring income inequality (Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, Robin Hood index, Interquintile share ratio S80/S20). The text also describes the various state social support benefits of both countries. The main research section contains calculations and graphical representations of all the above mentioned indicators. The final values are compared and the results are summarized.

This dissertation attempts to develop a counter—memory, a cognitive strategy that provides an alternative to the most prevalent mode of political action by members of minority or subaltern groups: identity politics. It begins with Teresa de Lauretis’ semiotics of subjectivity, which posits the human subject as a shifting series of positions or habits formed through semiotic and cognitive “mapping” of, and being “mapped” by, its environment. De Lauretis maintains that the subject can transform social reality through an “inventive” mode of mapping. The first chapter of this study is a semiotic analysis of the memory system at work in Nicole Brossard’s Picture Theory. It argues that Brossard’s use of holographic technology is an invention that attempts to alter women’s maps of social reality. Quantum physicist David Bohm has also employed the hologram as a theoretical model. By merging Brossard’s holographic memory with Bohm’s theory of a “holomovement,” this study develops an epistemological strategy that alters not only the map of reality, but also the dominant representational mode of cognitive mapping. This enquiry then moves on to other novels written in Canada which have a strong political impetus based on gender, nationality, ethnicity, race and/or class: Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing, Marlene Nourbese Philip’s Looking for Livingstone, Beatrice Culleton’s In Search of April Raintree and Régine Robin’s La Ouébécoite. Through textual analysis, it attempts to establish that although these novels make no mention of holography, each of them employs a memory system that inscribes itself holographically. That holographic memory provides an alternative political strategy to the “identity politics” at work in each of these texts. Each text, in turn, like a fragment of a hologram, adds another structural and political dimension to the hologram. The processual structure of the holographic theory provides a ground for alliances between different political agendas while resisting closure. As an epistemological strategy, it promises to alter both the method and the ground of knowledge. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

The aim of master thesis was to create a program for the quantitative analysis of data backup schemes and with its help to identify and analyze the properties of commonly used schemes for different loads. Based on the obtained results, compile a set of principles for choosing the optimal data backup scheme. The program was created by Matlab. It can be used to find out parameters for individual backup schemes: Parameters C (total backup volume) and E (medium volume of recovery backups), backups size of individual days, workload of individual storages, cost of storages and cost of overall backup scheme, size the total amount of data written per storage per time slot. At the end of the thesis is defined a scheme for choosing the optimal backup scheme.

This diploma thesis deals with backup for big volumes of data. Data backup is a overlooked area of information technology and the data can be lost by trivial user error or breakdown on any components. In this thesis is discussed theory of backup - archive bit and his behavior based on various type of backup (full, incremental, differential or combination thereof), duration and frequency of backups or the point of ultimate recovery. In addition there are mentioned rotation schemes Round-Robin, GFS and Tower of Hanoi, where are described their principles and graphic diagram of rotation. In chapter Strategy of backup describes the backup strategy via choosing the right choice, taking into technical and economic parameters. Impact analysis, which is explained also in this chapter, describes the important moments in data recovery. For select the optimal strategy is necessary to consider not only the whole capacity of the backup data, but also the size of the backup window for data storage or storage location. In chapter Media storage you can acquainted with all backup media and their technical parameters that are available on the market and can be used for data backup. In section Guide methodology of large volumes of data backup is designed a backup plan with the necessary inputs for the actual implementation of the backup. The design methodology puts emphasis on regular backups and check their location. On practical demonstration is shown that the rotation scheme Tower of Hanoi are among the smallest need for backup media. A part of this thesis is also design of methodology for backup small amounts of data.

Följande studie undersöker hur Expressen och Aftonbladet har gestaltat bröderna Robin Dahlén och Christian Karlsson mellan årtalen 1998–2022. Bröderna anklagades för mordet på fyraårige Kevin 1998 och har haft stämpeln barnamördare fram till 2018 när de friades från anklagelserna. Syftet är att undersöka hur bröderna har gestaltats som anklagade barnamördare som barn jämfört med oskyldiga som vuxna vid nyhetsrapportering. Samt om media har brustit i sitt ansvar och kränkt den personliga integriteten i rapporteringen. Det undersöks också hur Robin Dahlén har upplevt och påverkats av rapporteringen som barn samt vuxen. Undersökningen har utgångspunkt i en kvalitativ språklig textanalys av artiklar från Expressen och Aftonbladet under årtalen 1998, 2017, 2018 och 2022. För att få en djupare förståelse för analysen utfördes också en kvalitativ intervju med Robin Dahlén. Undersökningen grundar sig i tidigare forskning som berör offentlig granskning av barn, ungdomsbrottslighet och felaktigt dömda. Samt teoretiska ramverken medielogiken och mediernas ansvarighet. Resultatet av undersökningen bekräftar att både Expressen och Aftonbladet gestaltat bröderna på ett negativt sätt när bröderna anklagades för mordet. Tidningarna har skrivit om brödernas personliga integritet genom att nämna dem vid ålder, kön, nationalitet och hemort. På senare år när bröderna har avskrivits från fallet och visats vara felaktigt dömda har media en mer beskrivande bild av hur samhället svikit bröderna genom att kritisera bland annat poliser och politiker som har påverkat bröderna till det negativa. Resultatet av intervjun bekräftar att Robin Dahlén anser att nyhetsrapporteringen inte alltid bemötts positivt av allmänheten. Men han har upplevt medias rapportering av honom som mer hjälpsam än ohjälpsam.

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