Talking Story about Art and Life: Narratives of Contemporary Oceanic Artists and Their Work takes a narrative, biographical approach to examine the lives and selected works of five contemporary Oceanic artists living and working in Aotearoa New Zealand – Ioane Ioane, Ema Tavola, Brett Graham, Robin White, and Siliga David Setoga. The narrative methodology, inspired by the Hawaiian notion of “talking story,” utilises informal conversations as sites of knowledge production. This approach allowed more personal and varied information to emerge, which speaks to the pluralities of identity. Instead of focusing primarily on visually analysing the creative output of the artists, their artworks and practices are incorporated as aspects of their voices that contribute to the narratives of their lives. The participants told stories that engage with the complexities intrinsic to their lives, revealing areas to research for the purpose of supporting their narratives. The supporting research investigates the notion of vā, Oceanic curatorial practices, trickster discourse, insider/outsider discourse, and fa‘a Sāmoa. In carrying out this investigation, this thesis illustrates choices artists are making to express their voices on their own terms. Bringing to light these choices also reminds viewers/readers that we can actively shape our own narratives. By privileging the artists’ stories told in their own words, this thesis honours Oceanic oral traditions and moves forward our understanding of these contemporary Oceanic artists and their artistic practices.

The growing interest towards wireless communication services over the recent years has increased the demand for radio spectrum. Inefficient spectrum management together with the scarcity of the radio spectrum is a limiting factor for the development of modern wireless networks. As a solution, the idea of cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is introduced to use licensed spectrum for the benefit of the unlicensed secondary users. However, the preemptive priority of the licensed users results in random resource availabilities at the secondary networks, which makes the quality-of-service (QoS) support challenging. With the increasing demand for elastic/interactive data services (internet based services) and wireless multimedia services, QoS support becomes essential for CRNs. This research investigates the voice and elastic/interactive data service support over CRNs, in terms of their delay requirements. The packet level requirements of the voice service and session level delay requirements of the elastic/interactive data services are studied. In particular, constant-rate and on-off voice traffic capacities are analyzed over CRNs with centralized and distributed network coordination. Some generic channel access schemes are considered as the coordination mechanism, and call admission control algorithms are developed for non-fully-connected CRNs. Advantage of supporting voice traffic flows with different delay requirements in the same network is also discussed. The mean response time of the elastic data traffic over a centralized CRN is studied, considering the shortest processor time with and without preemption and shortest remaining processor time service disciplines, in comparison with the processor sharing service discipline. Effects of the traffic load at the base station and file length (service time requirement) distribution on the mean response time are discussed. Finally, the relationship between the mean response times of interactive and elastic data traffic is studied.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis, the investigation into the optimization of low speed communication protocols for narrow band networks will be presented. The main focus will be on analysing commonly used low speed communication protocols and investigate an alternative to these protocols to provide an optimized low speed narrow band network that provides better performance at high and low channel utilization. A study of existing low speed communication networks within the field of water supply has been used to identify the most appropriate protocols to be included in the analysis. The analysis of each protocol discussed includes the development of a simulation and theoretical model, with parameters based on those obtained from implemented communication networks focusing on the parameters used within the Namib water supply scheme of NamWater in Namibia. Of the currently implemented contention protocols, the non-persistent Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) protocol is implemented the most. Current models used for modelling these protocols make use of various assumptions. These models have been expanded to provide a more accurate representation of the non-persistent CSMA model. The Round Robin Polling (RRP) protocol is another well known protocol used within the telemetry industry and has also been modelled as an alternative to the non-persistent CSMA model. The Adaptive Tree Walk (ATW) protocol has been identified as the limited contention protocol to be modelled as a possible alternative to the conventional methods used. A new model has been developed for modelling this protocol by making use of the same strategies and tools used in the modelling of the non-persistent CSMA and RRP protocols. The Simulation modelling has been developed by making use of DESMO-J, an Object Orientated Simulation API based in Java, developed by the Faculty of Informatics at the University of Hamburg. DESMO-J has been chosen as an alternative to the more traditional simulation languages due to its complete documentation, support structures, ease of use and flexibility. All theoretical models have been implemented in Matlab. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis sal die ondersoek na die optimering van laespoed protokolle vir kommunikasie oor nouband netwerke voorgelê word. Die hoof fokus is op die analise van algemene laespoed kommunikasie protokolle en die ondersoek van alternatiewe wat ’n meer optimale laespoed nouband netwerk sal lewer deur beter werkverigting by lae en hoë kanaalverkeer. ’n Studie van praktiese laespoed nouband netwerke in die veld van waterverspreiding word gebruik om die mees algemene protokolle te identifiseer wat in die analise ingesluit moet word. Die analise van die protokolle sluit in teoretiese en simulasie modelle, met parameters soos geidentifiseer uit die studie van ‘n praktiese netwerk, naamlik die Namib waterverspreidingskema van NamWater in Namibië. Die ’Non-persistent Carrier Sense Multiple Access’ en ’Round Robin Polling’ protokolle is geidentifiseer as dié wat meeste geimplementeer word. Die werkverigting van die protokolle is geanaliseer deur gebruik te maak van teoretiese en simulasie modeleringstegnieke. Huidige modelle van die CSMA protokol is gebaseer op sekere aannames. Hierdie aannames word aangepas en verbeter vir implementering van die teoretiese model. Die model word ook verder uitgebrei om beter resultate te lewer oor ’n groter parameterstel. Die ’Adaptive Tree Walk’ protokol is geidentifiseer as ’n moontlike optimale protokol en word gemodeleer en vergelyk teen die CSMA en RRP protokolle se werkverigting. Die simulasiemodelle is ontwikkel deur gebruik te maak van die DESMO-J sagteware, soos ontwikkel as ’n Java program-koppelvlak deur die Universiteit van Hamburg se Fakulteit van Informatika. DESMO-J is gekies as ’n alternatief vir die meer tradisionele simuleringstale omrede goeie dokumentasie, maklike gebruik en buigbaarheid. Alle teoretiese modelering is uitgevoer in Matlab.

We study a two-scale coupled system consisting of a macroscopic elliptic equation and a microscopic parabolic equation. This system models the interplay between a gas and liquid close to equilibrium within a porous medium with distributed microstructures. We use formal homogenization arguments to derive the target system. We start by proving well-posedness and inverse estimates for the two-scale system. We follow up by proposing a Galerkin scheme which is continuous in time and discrete in space, for which we obtain well-posedness, a priori error estimates and convergence rates. Finally, we propose a numerical error reduction strategy by refining the grid based on residual error estimators.

Dans son essai Le mal de Paris paru en 2014, Régine Robin diagnostique un assèchement sémiotique des représentations de la capitale française, lesquelles seraient figées dans un registre passéiste et nostalgique. Or le travail d’excavation des mises en scène de Paris présentes dans un corpus du XXIe siècle encore peu défriché — notamment 75 (Anna-Louise Milne), 209, rue Saint Maur, Paris Xe (Ruth Zylberman), Éloge des bâtards (Olivia Rosenthal), Crue (Philippe Forest) et Le Grand Paris (Aurélien Bellanger) — révèle des transformations et des déplacements aptes à revivifier cet imaginaire parisien sclérosé. Les textes profilent ainsi une autre ville. Ces œuvres, lesquelles recourent à des dispositifs formels très divers, exercent un travail critique sur les représentations sociopolitiques et culturelles de Paris, notamment sur la valorisation patrimoniale de la ville, sur les célébrations de sa gentrification, sur ses fétichisations touristiques et sur ses récits mémoriels officiels. Cette thèse vise à décrire les mises en texte d’un (Grand) Paris en interaction avec un imaginaire social conjoncturel, ce qui indique qu’elle s’inscrit dans le cadre heuristique de la sociocritique. Mes travaux mobilisent plusieurs outils critiques et théoriques des études littéraires, afin de décortiquer l’organisation interne des textes, et engagent un dialogue avec un corpus étendu portant sur l’urbanisme, la sociologie, l’histoire, la géographie et la philosophie. Cette thèse convoque notamment les concepts d’imaginaire social (Pierre Popovic), de chronotope (Mikhaïl Bakhtine) et de chronotype (Claudia Bouliane, Pierre Popovic) ainsi que les travaux critiques de Walter Benjamin. Elle s’articule en trois parties : le premier chapitre est consacré au développement de la notion d’espace flou ; le second à la descendante du flâneur moderne ; le troisième au récit d’enquête autour d’un immeuble haussmannien. Enfin, cette thèse privilégie d’une part l’analyse des éléments d’urbanité liés à l’habitat et à l’habitation par rapport à d’autres travaux plus centrés sur la mobilité, et d’autre part l’examen de réflexions portant sur l’idée d’une mémoire urbaine menacée de disparition. / In her essay Le mal de Paris published in 2014, Regine Robin diagnoses a semiotic drying-up of the French capital representations, which would be frozen in a backwardlooking and nostalgic register. However, the excavation work of the Paris stagings present in a corpus of the 21st century still little studied — in particular 75 (Anna-Louise Milne), 209, rue Saint Maur, Paris Xe (Ruth Zylberman), Éloge des bâtards (Olivia Rosenthal), Crue (Philippe Forest) and Le Grand Paris (Aurélien Bellanger) — reveals transformations and displacements capable of reviving this sclerotic Parisian imaginary. The texts thus profile another city. These works, which use a variety of formal mechanisms, work critically on the socio-political and cultural representations of Paris, notably on the city’s heritage promotion, on the celebrations of its gentrification, on its touristic fetishizations and on its official memorial narratives. This thesis aims to describe the text settings of a (Grand) Paris in interaction with a conjunctural social imaginary, which indicates that it is part of the heuristic framework of sociocriticism. My work mobilizes several critical and theoretical tools of literary studies, in order to dissect the internal organization of texts, and engage a dialogue with an extensive corpus on urban planning, sociology, history, geography and philosophy. This thesis summons in particular the concepts of social imaginary (Pierre Popovic), chronotope (Mikhaïl Bakhtine) and chronotype (Claudia Bouliane, Pierre Popovic) as well as the critical work of Walter Benjamin. It is divided into three parts: the first chapter is devoted to the development of the concept of fuzzy space; the second to the descendant of the modern flâneur; the third to the investigation narrative around a Haussmann building. Finally, this thesis focuses on the analysis of the elements of urbanity related to housing and dwelling as opposed to other work more focused on mobility, and also on the examination of reflections on the idea of an urban memory threatened with disappearance.

Les problèmes de transmission avec couche mince sont délicats à approcher numériquement, en raison de la nécessité de construire des maillages à l’échelle de la couche mince. Il est courant d’éviter ces difficultés en usant de problèmes avec conditions aux limites approchées — dites d’impédance. Si l’approximation des problèmes de transmission par des problèmes d’impédance s’avère performante dans le cas de domaines réguliers, elle l’est beaucoup moins lorsque ceux-ci comportent des coins ou arêtes. L’objet de cette thèse est de proposer de nouvelles conditions d’impédance, plus performantes, afin de corriger cette perte de performance. Pour cela, les développements asymptotiques des différents problèmes-modèles sont construits et étudiés afin de localiser avec précision l’origine de la perte, en lien avec les profils singuliers associés aux coins et arêtes. De nouvelles conditions d’impédance sont construites, de type Robin multi-échelle ou Venctel. D’abord étudiées en dimension 2, elles sont ensuite généralisées à certaines situations en dimension 3. Des simulations viennent confirmer l’efficience des méthodes théoriques. / Transmission problems with thin layer are delicate to approximate numerically, because of the necessity to build meshes on the scale of the thin layer. It is common to avoid these difficulties by using problems with approximate boundary conditions — also called impedance conditions. Whereas the approximation of transmission problems by impedance problems turns out to be successful in the case of smooth domains, the situation is less satisfactory in the presence of corners and edges. The goal of this thesis is to propose new impedance conditions, more efficient, to correct this lack of performance. For that purpose, the asymptotic expansions of the various models -problems are built and studied to locate exactly the origin of the loss, in connection with the singular profiles associated to corners and edges. New impedance conditions are built, of multi-scale Robin or Venctel types. At first studied in dimension 2, they are then generalized in certain situations in dimension 3. Simulations have been carried out to confirm the efficiency of the theoretical methods to some.

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions la synchronisation, qui est un phénomène bien répandu dans la nature. Elle a été observée pour la première fois par Huygens en 1665. En se basant sur les résultats de la contrôlabilité frontière exacte, pour un système couplé d’équations des ondes avec des contrôles frontières de Neumann, nous considérons la synchronisation frontière exacte (par groupes), ainsi que la détermination de l’état de synchronisation. Ensuite, nous considérons la contrôlabilité exacte et la synchronisation exacte (par groupes) pour le système couplé avec des contrôles frontières couplés de Robin. A cause du manque de régularité de la solution, nous rencontrons beaucoup plus de difficultés. Afin de surmonter ces difficultés, on obtient un résultat sur la trace de la solution faible du problème de Robin grâce aux résultats de régularité optimale de Lasiecka-Triggiani sur le problème de Neumann. Ceci nous a permis d’établir la contrôlabilité exacte, et, par la méthode de la perturbation compacte, la non-contrôlabilité exacte du système. De plus, nous allons étudier la détermination de l’état de synchronisation, ainsi que la nécessité des conditions de compatibilité des matrices de couplage. / This thesis studies the widespread natural phenomenon of synchronization, which was first observed by Huygens en 1665. On the basis of the results on the exact boundary controllability, for a coupled system of wave equations with Neumann boundary controls, we consider its exact boundary synchronization (by groups), as well as the determination of the state of synchronization. Then, we consider the exact boundary controllability and the exact boundary synchronization (by groups) for the coupled system with coupled Robin boundary controls. Due to difficulties from the lack of regularity of the solution, we have to face a bigger challenge. In order to overcome this difficulty, we take advantage of the regularity results for the mixed problem with Neumann boundary conditions (Lasiecka and Triggiani) to discuss the exact boundary controllability, and by the method of compact perturbation, to obtain the non-exact controllability for the system.

Submitted by Claudio Wanderley (claudio.burian@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2010-06-10T14:04:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Claudio_Burian_Wanderley.pdf: 875614 bytes, checksum: dc145cd22b82eaa33bc4cda649abe175 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Daniella Santos(daniella.santos@fgv.br) on 2010-06-10T14:10:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Claudio_Burian_Wanderley.pdf: 875614 bytes, checksum: dc145cd22b82eaa33bc4cda649abe175 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-06-14T19:17:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_Claudio_Burian_Wanderley.pdf: 875614 bytes, checksum: dc145cd22b82eaa33bc4cda649abe175 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-11 / This thesis aims to discuss municipal public finance issues. An improvement of the Brazilian fiscal federalism, with greater resources decentralization and the implementation of high-powered rules for the federative transfers may be an important tool in the improvement of our social conditions. To do so, this thesis was divided into four distinct parts. The first chapter discusses the oil revenues impacts on unicipalities’ public finance. The legal changes that occurred in Brazil in the nineties in the oil and gas sector led to increasing royalties transfers to Brazilians states and municipalities. The annedoctical evidence that this transfers are not been used properly - in a way that would increment the local welfare - have originated a important discussion about these distribution rules. This paper tries to identify this revenues impacts over others municipalities’ fiscal variables. It seems that this did not impact the others sources of municipalities revenue. Unhappily, some of the resources (which distribution is either more or less concentrated) led the municipalities to increase their current expenditures and diminishes their investments efforts. At the same time, they are not spending this extra money in a way that would increment the local welfare. On the other hand, the resources which distribution is between these two limits has the opposite effect. The second chapter discusses the impact of oil revenues on the proficiency of fourth grade students of primary public schools. The oil revenues - bundled or not - were not statistically significant in explaining the observed student performance in Portuguese and mathematics. This result, however, must be analyzed with caution, since it is not trivial to identify how (and when) these effects would be generated. However, different sources of municipal revenue would impact differently the students’ proficiency scores, explaining why we need to better understand these differences to design more efficient constitutional transfer mechanisms to the municipalities. In the third chapter, we study the impacts of municipal emancipation occurred in the 90s on the well-being of local populations. More than a thousand of new municipalities were created at the nineties in Brazil, due the new Federal Constitution of 1988. There is anecdotic evidence that this was a pretty harmful process for the Brazilian welfare, but there were no systematic attempt to valuate it properly. This paper tries to do so using data from Minas Gerais municipalities which number has grown from 723 to 853 ones in that decade. The results suggest that this process strongly improved the welfare of the local population. This implies that local political markets are efficient and it should be allowed for any district to emancipate from its former municipalities, if their population wishes to do so. Finally, in the fourth chapter we analyze the impact of law (implemented in Minas Gerais) who sought to increase the incentives pro-efficiency of municipal governments. In order to improve the welfare of its citizens, the state government of Minas Gerais (Brazil) has imposed, at 1995, the state law 12.040, known as Robin Hood law. It stated that 25% of the revenue transferred to the municipalities should be allocated through observable results achieved in education, health, environment among others. In other words, this law established a high power contract between the state government and the municipalities, which is not very usual. This study shows that this law had a significant impact on the municipalities’ education and health. But it’s necessary to redesign these transfers’ rules, in order to improve its power and its results. These results shows that the use of high powered rules in federative transfers could be a strong mechanism in order to improve the population welfare. / Esta tese busca discutir problemas relacionados às finanças públicas municipais no país. Um aprimoramento de nosso federalismo fiscal, com maior descentralização de recursos e implementação de regras de transferências federativas com maiores incentivos pró-eficiência – aumentando os incentivos pró-obtenção de melhores resultados sociais por parte das unidades subfederadas – pode se revelar instrumento importante na melhoria de nossas condições sociais. Para isto, dividiu-se esta tese em quatro partes distintas. No primeiro capítulo, discutem-se os impactos das receitas petrolíferas sobre as finanças públicas municipais. As mudanças legais ocorridas no país na década de noventa do último século - relativas ao setor petrolífero - levaram a crescente (e concentrada) transferência de recursos do setor para os estados e municípios brasileiros. A forte sensação que estes estariam sendo desperdiçados de alguma forma vem suscitando discussões sobre a necessidade de se reformular sua distribuição. As recentes descobertas de megacampos petrolíferos no pré-sal do litoral brasileiro somente intensificaram este processo. Buscou-se identificar os efeitos destas transferências sobre as variáveis fiscais municipais no país. Detectou-se que não ocorreu substituição tributária, ou seja, estes recursos não diminuíram o esforço arrecadatório dos municípios. Em compensação, tanto os recursos cuja distribuição é bem mais concentrada (referentes aos royalties excedentes) quanto aqueles mais bem-distribuídos (referentes aos royalties originais) levaram as prefeituras a aumentar seus gastos correntes (piorando sua composição do ponto de vista social) e diminuir seus investimentos. O contrário parece ocorrer com os recursos cuja distribuição se dá de forma intermediária (os royalties referentes às participações especiais). No segundo capítulo, discute-se o impacto das receitas petrolíferas sobre a proficiência dos alunos até a quarta série primária das escolas públicas municipais. As receitas petrolíferas – agregadas ou não – não se mostraram estatisticamente significativas na explicação do desempenho observado pelos alunos da quarta série primária das escolas municipais em português ou matemática. Este resultado, entretanto, deve ser olhado com cautela, uma vez que não é trivial identificar como (e o tempo necessário) estes efeitos seriam gerados. Entretanto, diferentes fontes de receitas municipais impactariam de forma diferenciada as proficiências observadas nos testes de português e matemática, explicitando a necessidade de se entender melhor estas diferenças para se desenhar mecanismo mais eficiente de repasse de recursos constitucionais aos municípios. No terceiro capítulo, estudam-se os impactos das emancipações municipais ocorridas na década de 90 sobre o bem-estar das populações locais. Devido à Constituição Federal de 1988, o número de municípios no Brasil multiplicou-se fortemente na década de 90 do último século. Mais de mil municípios foram criados em todo o país, fazendo seu número ultrapassar a casa dos 5.500. Este processo tem sido interpretado de forma bastante negativa. Baseado em evidências anedóticas, se pressupõe que os atores políticos locais o utilizaram para se apropriar de maior parcela dos recursos transferidos de outros níveis governamentais. Entretanto, nenhum esforço mais sistemático foi realizado buscando calcular, de maneira efetiva, os resultados sociais líquidos deste processo. É isto que se busca fazer aqui, utilizando dados sobre os municípios mineiros - cujo número passa de 723 em 1991 para 853 em 2000. Foram detectados impactos positivos relacionados a diversas variáveis educacionais e de saúde. Ao mesmo tempo, o contrário ocorreu com os indicadores de pobreza e indigência. Este resultado mostra que o movimento observado de emancipação municipal talvez tenha sido bastante benéfico, sinalizando para a existência de mercados políticos eficientes nestas localidades, o que indicaria a necessidade de se manter uma maior autonomia local relativa a processos de emancipação de distritos. Por fim, no quarto capítulo, analisam-se os impactos de lei (implementada em Minas Gerais) que buscou aumentar os incentivos pró-eficiência das prefeituras municipais a partir das transferências federativas. Buscando melhorar as condições de vida dos municípios mineiros, o governo estadual mineiro instituiu, em 1995, a lei 12.040, conhecida como Lei Robin Hood. Esta permitia que 25% dos recursos de ICMS a serem distribuídos aos municípios mineiros se dessem sobre resultados observáveis em diversas áreas tais como saúde, educação, conservação ecológica, entre outras. Ou seja, esta instituía, em relação a estas transferências, um contrato de alto poder com os municípios relacionados às políticas públicas implementadas. O estudo destas transferências (relativas à educação e saúde) mostrou resultados dúbios. Resultados positivos relativos à educação e à saúde parecem ocorrer em todo o estado, mas os incentivos dados poderiam ser bem maiores - faz-se necessário um refinamento das regras da partilha destas transferências. Dada a relativa escassez deste tipo de contrato em transferências federativas, seja no Brasil, seja no restante do mundo, este resultado aponta a necessidade de utilização de instrumentos de maior poder nas relações federativas, buscando incrementar as condições de vida locais.

Le néomalthusianisme est un courant de pensée qui réunit des pédagogues, des médecins, des anthropologues et des militants féministes et anarchistes. Sa réflexion et son action ont une dimension politique, économique et scientifique. Son projet est une transformation profonde des sociétés humaines par la limitation des naissances afin d'aboutir à une meilleure organisation sociale, capable de répondre à l'aspiration légitime des êtres humains au bonheur. Les moyens pour atteindre cet objectif sont la généralisation de la prophylaxie anticonceptionnelle qui comprend les techniques contraceptives et l'avortement. Le mouvement néomalthusien a été particulièrement actif en France, des années 1890 à la veille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il a également soulevé de nombreuses oppositions et a été activement combattu, notamment après la Première Guerre mondiale. S'intéressant au nombre des naissances, le néomalthusianisme souligne l'incompatibilité entre l'augmentation exponentielle de ce dernier et la possibilité pour les membres composant une collectivité de disposer du nécessaire afin d'atteindre le bonheur.De ce fait, le néomalthusianisme français est inséparable de l'eugénisme, thème central dans l'histoire de ce mouvement, de son émergence à ses derniers développements dans les années 1930. Le présent travail a pour objectif de tracer un portrait synthétique inédit du néomalthusianisme français en privilégiant son rapport aux sciences biomédicales et à la culture scientifique. [...] / Neo-Malthusianism is a line of thought which gathers education specialists,doctors, anthropologists and women's and anarchist activists. Its reflexion and its actionhave a political, economic and scientific dimension. Its project is to deeply transformhuman societies through birth control in order to reach a better social organisation, likelyto meet human beings’ legitimate aspiration for happiness. The means implemented toreach this goal are the generalisation of contraceptive prophylaxis, which includescontraceptive methods and abortion. The neo-Malthusian movement was particularlyactive in France, from the 1890ies to the eve of World War II. It has also met with strongopposition and was actively fought, noticeably after World War I. Observing the number ofbirths, neo-Malthusianism points how incompatible the exponential increase of births iswith the possibility for the members of a given community to have what they need to reachhappiness. Hence, French neo-Malthusianism is inseparable from eugenics, which is acentral theme in the history of this movement, from its emergence to its last developmentsin the 1930ies. The objective of the present work is to draw a new and previouslyunpublished synthetic portrait of this movement, focussing on its link to bio-medicalsciences and scientific culture. [...]

Cette thèse développe des estimations d’erreur a posteriori et critères d’arrêt pour les méthodes de décomposition de domaine avec des conditions de transmission de Robin optimisées entre les interfaces. Différents problèmes sont considérés: l’équation de Darcy stationnaire puis l’équation de la chaleur, discrétisées par les éléments finis mixtes avec un schéma de Galerkin discontinu de plus bas degré en temps pour le second cas. Pour l’équation de la chaleur, une méthode de décomposition de domaine globale en temps, avec mêmes ou différents pas de temps entre les différents sous domaines, est utilisée. Ce travail est finalement étendu à un modèle diphasique en utilisant une méthode de volumes finis centrés par maille en espace. Pour chaque modèle, un problème d’interface est résolu itérativement, où chaque itération nécessite la résolution d’un problème local dans chaque sous-domaine, et les informations sont ensuite transmises aux sous-domaines voisins. Pour les modèles instationnaires, les problèmes locaux dans les sous-domaines sont instationnaires et les données sont transmises par l’interface espace-temps. L’objectif de ce travail est, pour chaque modèle, de borner l’erreur entre la solution exacte et la solution approchée à chaque itération de l’algorithme de décomposition de domaine. Différentes composantes d’erreur en jeu de la méthode sont identifiées, dont celle de l’algorithme de décomposition de domaine, de façon à définir un critère d’arrêt efficace pour cette méthode. En particulier, pour l’équation de Darcy stationnaire, on bornera l’erreur par un estimateur de décomposition de domaine ainsi qu’un estimateur de discrétisation en espace. On ajoutera à la borne de l’erreur un estimateur de discrétisation en temps pour l’équation de la chaleur et pour le modèle diphasique. L’estimation a posteriori répose sur des techniques de reconstructions de pressions et de flux conformes respectivement dans les espaces H1 et H(div) et sur la résolution de problèmes locaux de Neumann dans des bandes autour des interfaces de chaque sous-domaine pour les flux. Ainsi, des critères pour arrêter les itérations de l’algorithme itératif de décomposition de domaine sont développés. Des simulations numériques pour des problèmes académiques ainsi qu’un problème plus réaliste basé sur des données industrielles sont présentées pour illustrer l’efficacité de ces techniques. En particulier, différents pas de temps entre les sous-domaines sont considérés pour cet exemple. / This work contributes to the developpement of a posteriori error estimates and stopping criteria for domain decomposition methods with optimized Robin transmission conditions on the interface between subdomains. We study several problems. First, we tackle the steady diffusion equation using the mixed finite element subdomain discretization. Then the heat equation using the mixed finite element method in space and the discontinuous Galerkin scheme of lowest order in time is investigated. For the heat equation, a global-in-time domain decomposition method is used for both conforming and nonconforming time grids allowing for different time steps in different subdomains. This work is then extended to a two-phase flow model using a finite volume scheme in space. For each model, the multidomain formulation can be rewritten as an interface problem which is solved iteratively. Here at each iteration, local subdomain problems are solved, and information is then transferred to the neighboring subdomains. For unsteady problems, the subdomain problems are time-dependent and information is transferred via a space-time interface. The aim of this work is to bound the error between the exact solution and the approximate solution at each iteration of the domain decomposition algorithm. Different error components, such as the domain decomposition error, are identified in order to define efficient stopping criteria for the domain decomposition algorithm. More precisely, for the steady diffusion problem, the error of the domain decomposition method and that of the discretization in space are estimated separately. In addition, the time error for the unsteady problems is identified. Our a posteriori estimates are based on the reconstruction techniques for pressures and fluxes respectively in the spaces H1 and H(div). For the fluxes, local Neumann problems in bands arround the interfaces extracted from the subdomains are solved. Consequently, an effective criterion to stop the domain decomposition iterations is developed. Numerical experiments, both academic and more realistic with industrial data, are shown to illustrate the efficiency of these techniques. In particular, different time steps in different subdomains for the industrial example are used.