The European Union (EU) is a key trading partner for the People's Republic of China (PRC). Nearly one third of PRC's production is send to the EU and half of EU exports is directed to the PRC. Such huge trade volumes require an appropriate logistical connection, which is currently dominated by maritime transport. However, since 2007 railway transport has also been available. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the position of the railway transport of the PRC European route (with focus on the position of the Czech Republic) with regard to its development, obstacles and potential for the future. Firstly, the paper describes the background and reasons for the establishment of the New Silk Road (One Belt One Road initiative), followed by the trade and economic cooperation between the PRC and the Czech Republic. The practical part deals with individual aspects of railway connection. Neither in terms of trade volumes nor price can railway compete with the maritime solution, nevertheless it slowly but surely acquires its first regular customers.

This masther's thesis aims at familiarization with the development of mobile application that can control intelligent electrical installation iNELS and its multimedia superstructure iMM. The thesis also describes the common development for the iOS platform and explore the possibility of communication with both controlled systems. Two important communication protocols will be described - EPSNET and XML-RPC. The resulting product is evaluated at the end and its behavior in full operation is described too.

The focus of this thesis is the development of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) with ceramic electrodes. The use of ceramic composites, Si3N4/SiC, opens the way for the application of RPCs in harsh radiation environments. Future Experiments like the Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt will need new RPCs with high rate capabilities and high radiation tolerance. Ceramic composites are specially suited for this purpose due to their resistance to radiation and chemical contamination. The bulk resistivity of these ceramics is in the range 10^7 - 10^13 Ohm cm. The bulk resistivity of the electrodes is the main factor determining the rate capabilities of a RPC, therefore a specifific measuring station and a measurement protocol has been set for these measurements. The dependence of the bulk resistivity on the difffferent steps of the manufacturing process has been studied. Other electrical parameters like the relaxation time, the relative permittivity and the tangent loss have also been investigated. Simulation codes for the investigation of RPC functionality was developed using the gas detectors simulation framework GARFIELD++. The parameters of the two mixtures used in RPC operation have been extracted. Furthermore, theoretical predictions on time resolution and effi ciency have been calculated and compared with experimental results. Two ceramic materials have been used to assemble RPCs. Si3N4/SiC and Al2O3 with a thin (nm thick) chromium layer deposited over it. Several prototypes have been assembled with active areas of 5x 5 cm^2, 10x 10 cm^2 and 20 x20 cm^2. The number of gaps ranges from two to six. The gas gap widths were 250 micro meter and 300 micrometer. As separator material mylar foils, fifishing line and high-resistive ceramics have been used. Different detector architectures have been built and their effffect on RPC performance analysed. The RPCs developed at HZDR and ITEP (Moscow) were systematically tested in electron and proton beams and with cosmic radiation over the course of three years. The performance of the RPCs was extracted from the measured data. The main parameters like time resolution, effi ciency, rate capabilities, cluster size, detector currents and avalanche charge were obtained and compared with other RPC systems in the world. A comparison with phenomenological models was performed.

Tato diplomová práce se zabýv. vývojem mobilní aplikace typu klient-server na platformě Windows Phone. Obsahuje popis platformy Window Phone, vývojov. prostředí a jeho nástroj pro ladění a sledování prostředků na této platformě. Rozebírá architektury a protokoly využívající se pro model klient-server. Popisuje sdílení dat a zasílání zpráv mezi uživateli klientem a serverem. Srovnává dostupné protokoly pro komunikaci. V další kapitole je využití paměti na klientu při nedostupnosti připojení k internetu. Závěr se věnuje vizi dalšího vývoje projektu.

O compósito de pós reativos é um material formado basicamente por uma argamassa de matriz cimentícia ricamente refinada em termos de granulometria e com a inclusão de fibras, como forma de reforço. Entretanto, duas características principais o definem em termos de composição: a quase ausência de armaduras em estruturas construídas com o material e o fato de dispensar o uso de agregados com diâmetro máximo superior a 1 mm, sendo constituído basicamente por pós. O CPR possui características únicas que lhe conferem resistências à compressão de seis a oito vezes superiores ao concreto convencional, e tração e flexão cerca de dez vezes maior, podendo competir diretamente com estruturas em aço. As dificuldades para sua obtenção e utilização residem no fato de ser um material que demanda grande precisão em sua dosagem e também nos custos diretos para sua produção, bem como o desconhecimento em relação ao seu desempenho. O presente estudo comparou três diferentes traços de CPR a um traço de concreto convencional de uso comum na indústria de préfabricados, de forma a caracterizá-lo mecanicamente e buscando viabilizar sua produção e aplicação na indústria de pré-fabricados nacional, utilizando cinza volante como alternativa de aglomerante e a hibridização de fibras. Efetuou-se também um estudo comparativo dos custos de sua obtenção em relação ao concreto convencional, levando-se em conta o desempenho mecânico. Os resultados indicam que para todos os traços estudados, em relação ao concreto convencional estabelecido como parâmetro, as principais propriedades mecânicas contemplam uma resistência à compressão até quatro vezes superior; módulo de elasticidade longitudinal 50% superior; resistência à tração na flexão até sete vezes superior e resistência à tração direta cerca de três vezes superior. Com relação aos custos, ao se considerar o seu comportamento mecânico, o CPR se mostrou mais competitivo frente ao concreto convencional, demonstrando que a sua implantação, dentro da indústria de pré-fabricados nacional, pode e deve ser explorada. / Reactive powder composite is a material formed by a richly refined cementitious mortar matrix in terms of grain size and the inclusion of fibers, such as reinforcement. However, two main features define it in terms of composition: the almost absence of reinforcement steel and the use of aggregates with a maximum diameter greater than 1 mm, consisting basically by powder materials. RPC has unique characteristics which confer compressive strength six to eight times higher than conventional concrete and tensile and flexural strength about ten times higher, and may compete directly with steel structures. Difficulties in obtaining and use the material lie in the fact that it requires a great precision in the dosage and also the direct costs for its production, as well as the lack of knowledge about its performance. This study compared three different CPR mixes to a conventional concrete mix, commonly used in the precast industry, in order to characterize it mechanically and intending to disseminate its production and use in the national precast industry by using fly ash as a binder and alternative fiber hybridization. It also made a comparative study between the costs of obtaining CPR compared to conventional concrete, taking into account the mechanical performance. The results indicate that for all mixes studied in relation to conventional concrete set as a parameter, the primary mechanical properties include a compressive strength up to four times higher; longitudinal elastic modulus exceeding 50%; bending tensile strength up to seven times and resistance to direct tension about three times higher. Considering the costs compared to the mechanical behavior, CPR was found more competitive against the conventional concrete, demonstrating that its implementation within the national precast industry can and should be explored.

Concrete is the most broadly used material in construction worldwide and Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC, a type of ultra high performance concrete) is a relatively new member of the concrete family. In this work the critical parameters of RPC mix design are investigated and the mix design is explored through a program of concrete casting and testing. Owing to the enhanced microstructure of RPC, porosity and permeability can be significantly decreased in the concrete matrix. This benefits the durability characteristics of RPC elements resulting in a longer service life with less maintenance costs than conventional concrete. It has been used for high integrity radiation waste material containers because of its low permeability and durability. Fibre reinforced RPC is also ideal for use in long span and thin shell structural elements without traditional reinforcement because of its advantageous flexural strength. Moreover, due to improved impact resistance, RPC can be widely employed in piers of bridges, military construction and blast protection. There is no standard approach to assessing the impact resistance of concrete. This investigation utilises relatively well accepted impact equipment to evaluate the mechanical properties of RPC under dynamic loading. The compressive and flexural tensile strengths of plain and fibre reinforced RPC are investigated using a variety of specimens and apparatus. The dynamic increase factor (DIF) is evaluated to indicate the strain rate sensitivity of the compressive and flexural strength.

Cette thèse présente le développement d'une électronique de lecture et de traitement des signaux d'un calorimètre hadronique semi

L'unité de ces cinquante-six minzu 民族 est promue comme fondement « naturel » et « historique » de la nation chinoise, ainsi définie par un corps multinational ou « multiethnique ». Cette conception de la nation est rendue visible et publique par le biais de manifestations spectaculaires autour des différentes « minzu minoritaires » (shaoshu minzu 少数民族), qui sont des occasions répétées de soutenir l'unité nationale et l'ordre social. Notre étude se penche sur les images des « minzu minoritaires » dans le cinéma de la République populaire de Chine, et tente de dégager leur implication dans le contexte historique de la construction nationale chinoise après 1949. Deux périodes sont analysées plus spécifiquement, de 1950 à 1965, et du milieu des années 1980 à 2005.

L'accroissement rapide de la puissance des calculateurs actuels et leur interconnexion en grappes et grilles de calcul à l'aide de réseaux rapides, permettent d'envisager, en mode de production, l'utilisation de plusieurs codes de calculs numériques couplés pour la simulation de phénomènes physiques plus complexes. Dans le but d'obtenir des résultats toujours plus précis, un nouveau type de simulation numérique, dont l'objectif est de simuler plusieurs<br />physiques en même temps, est apparu. Ce type d'application est appelé "couplage de code". En effet, plusieurs codes (physiques) sont couplés ou interconnectés an qu'ils communiquent pour réaliser la simulation.<br />Cette thèse s'intéresse aux problématiques liées au couplage à hautes performances de codes parallèles et distribués. L'obtention des performances repose sur la conception d'applications distribuées dont certains composants sont parallélisés et dont les communications sont efcaces. L'idée de bas de cette thèse est d'utiliser un langage de programmation parallèle orienté flot de données (ici Athapascan) dans deux modèles de conception d'applications distribuées ; "modèle appel de procédure à distance (RPC)" et "modèle orienté flux de données (stream-oriented)". Les contributions apportées par ce travail de recherche sont les suivants :<br /><br />- Utilisation d'un langage de flot de données dans un grille RPC de calcul ;<br />Dans le cadre de projet HOMA, les extensions au modèle RPC ont porté d'une part sur la sémantique de contrôle et de communication et d'autre part sur les supports exécutifs pour mieux exploiter le parallélisme. Les résultats théoriques de ces extensions pour une implantation sur le bus logiciel CORBA à l'aide du moteur exécutif KAAPI d'Athapascan et pour l'architecture homogène comme grappe de PC, sont présentés sous la forme d'un modèle de coût d'exécution. Les expériences (élémentaires et sur une application réelle) ont validé ce modèle de coût.<br /><br />- Extension d'un modèle mémoire partagée pour couplage de codes ;<br />An d'étendre la sémantique d'accès aux données partagées du langage Athapascan, nous avons proposé la notion de "collection temporelle". Ce concept permet de décrire la sémantique d'accès de type flux de données. La "collection spatiale" permet de mieux exploiter les données parallèles. Pour préciser la sémantique associée à ces nouvelles notions, nous avons donné une nouvelle définition pour la donnée partagée. Puis dans le cadre de cette définition, nous avons défini trois types de données partagées ; "séquentielle", "collection temporelle" et "collection spatiale".

In the Post-Cold War era, the shape of international system has been changing into the ¡§One Super Power with Multiple Powers¡¨ which differs from the ¡§Bipolar System¡¨ in the Cold War era. Due to the new situation, states have to adjust their foreign policies. This thesis, based on theories of Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism, is focused on the bilateral foreign relations between PRC and European Union (EU). The diplomatic relations established between PRC and EC in 1975 and the ¡§EC-China Trade and Cooperation Agreement¡¨ in 1978 did not help to tighten the bilateral relations in the Cold War era. Considering the multi-faced factors such as economy and politics, etc., EU finally realized the importance of the Asia and PRC in the early 1990s. Since 1995, EU had announced six documents regarding its China policy: ¡§A Long Term Policy for China-Europe Relations¡¨ in 1995, ¡§Building a Comprehensive Partnership with China¡¨ in 1998, ¡§Report on the Implementation of the Communication "Building a Comprehensive Partnership with China" COM(1998)181¡¨ in 2000, ¡§EU Strategy towards China: Implementation of the 1998 Communication and Future Steps for a More Effective EU Policy¡¨ in 2001, ¡§Country Strategy Paper 2002-2006¡¨ in 2002, and ¡§A Maturing Partnership - Shared Interests and Challenges in EU-China Relations¡¨ in 2003. EU upgraded PRC to be one of six global strategic partners in 2003. To carry out its China policy, EU appealed to political and human rights dialogues, economic and trade relations, and EU-PRC cooperation. PRC¡¦s rapid economic growth in the early 1990s attracted EU¡¦s attention. PRC, in pursuit of continuous economic development and enhancement of its international prominence, happily accepted the friendliness expressed by EU. In order to develop good relations with EU, PRC made flexible changes in terms of internal and external policies. Despite the fact that the PRC-EU relations were significantly improved in the Post-Cold War era such as EU surpassed the US in 2004 as PRC¡¦s greatest trade partner, some disagreements remained in the areas of human rights and economic interaction. Therefore, the common goal and priority of cooperation between PRC and EU was to pursue ¡§economic and trade interests,¡¨ whereas ¡§same bed, different dreams¡¨ continued in universal value and strategic interests because of difference emphases. Both Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism have their limits in interpreting the overall situation between PRC and EU. Kenneth Waltz¡¦s Neo-Realism, stressing the international system and national interests, is ideal for this thesis subject but can hardly explain the yet-to-be-established balance of power, economy and cooperation. On the contrary, the Neo-Liberalism perfectly interprets the economic and trade interaction, cooperation, and institution between PRC and EU, but is limited in detailing the long-term PRC-EU relations since WWII.