No description available.

O processo de desenvolvimento da economia cabo-verdiana, historicamente, sofre com as restrições estruturais endógenas, tais como, condições naturais, já que o país é constituído por territórios insulares, chuvas irregulares e produção agrícola reduzida, restringidas condições financeiras do estado e do setor privado para investimentos em projetos estruturais de longo prazo, ausência de riquezas, exceto sol, vento e pessoas, e, por fim, a precária capacidade interna para investimento na infra-estrutura e setores estratégicos, tais como, o turismo, a energia, a agricultura, a pesca, o transporte, a educação, entre outras. Apesar dessas restrições, Cabo Verde vem apresentando, desde 1990, alguns avanços econômicos, sociais e institucionais, se comparada com a maioria das economias do continente africano. Existem, no âmbito oficial, várias explicações para esse desempenho. Mas, nesta tese procuramos problematizar o desempenho da economia, a partir do setor da emigração, mais especificamente, a relação entre as Remessas dos Trabalhadores Emigrantes (RTE) e o crescimento econômico do país. Concluímos que as RTE além contribuírem para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da economia cabo-verdiana, em geral, a Diáspora Cabo-verdiana é indispensável para a construção de políticas que visam potencializar e acelerar as ações que reforçam a multiplicação dos canais de desenvolvimento no país. Por isso, é fundamental o reconhecimento político e econômico da participação dos emigrantes no desenvolvimento nacional visando não só à sustentabilidade das remessas, mas também à construção de novos arranjos institucionais que priorizem a valorização dos quadros da Diáspora e reformular as políticas de cooperação diplomática com os países anfitriões. Essas ações são importantes porque reforçam os laços da comunidade emigrada com o país de origem, potencializa o desenvolvimento de políticas de integração e proteção das respectivas comunidades, além da difusão das informações sobre as oportunidades de investimento no arquipélago. Logo, concentrar os esforços para atraírem os Investimentos Estrangeiros de Origem dos Emigrantes Cabo-verdianos (IEOECV) significa, sem dúvida, agregar e modernizar a trajetória do crescimento econômico do país. / The process of development of the cape verdean economy, historically suffers from endogenous structural constraints, such as natural conditions, since the country is composed of island territories, erratic rainfall and reduced agricultural production, limited financial conditions of state and industry private investment in long-term structural projects, lack of wealth, except the sun, wind and people, and, finally, poor internal capacity for investment in infrastructure and strategic sectors such as tourism, energy, agriculture, fishing, transport, education, among others. Despite those restrictions, Cape Verde has been showing since 1990, some economic, social and institutional advances, as compared with most economies in Africa. There, under official number of explanations for this performance. But in this thesis we try to confront the economy's performance from the sector of emigration, more specifically, the relationship between workers' remittances (RTE) and the country's economic growth. We conclude that the RTE contribute to the growth and development of the cape verdean economy, in general, that the Cape Verdean Diaspora is indispensable for the construction of policies to increase and accelerate actions that reinforce the multiplication of channels development in the country. Therefore, it´s essential to recognize the political and economic participation of emigrants in national development aiming at not only the sustainability of remittances but also the construction of new institutional arrangements the give priority to the recovery of the Diaspora frames and framing policies for diplomatic cooperation with the host countries. These actions are important because they reinforce the bonds of community emigrated to the country of origin, potentiates the development of integration policies and protection of respectives communities, beyond the dissemination of information on investment opportunities in the archipelago. Therefore, focus efforts to attract Foreign Investment in Origin of Cape Verdean Emigrants (FIOECV) means, no doubt, add and update the trajectory of economic growth of country.

O processo de desenvolvimento da economia cabo-verdiana, historicamente, sofre com as restrições estruturais endógenas, tais como, condições naturais, já que o país é constituído por territórios insulares, chuvas irregulares e produção agrícola reduzida, restringidas condições financeiras do estado e do setor privado para investimentos em projetos estruturais de longo prazo, ausência de riquezas, exceto sol, vento e pessoas, e, por fim, a precária capacidade interna para investimento na infra-estrutura e setores estratégicos, tais como, o turismo, a energia, a agricultura, a pesca, o transporte, a educação, entre outras. Apesar dessas restrições, Cabo Verde vem apresentando, desde 1990, alguns avanços econômicos, sociais e institucionais, se comparada com a maioria das economias do continente africano. Existem, no âmbito oficial, várias explicações para esse desempenho. Mas, nesta tese procuramos problematizar o desempenho da economia, a partir do setor da emigração, mais especificamente, a relação entre as Remessas dos Trabalhadores Emigrantes (RTE) e o crescimento econômico do país. Concluímos que as RTE além contribuírem para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da economia cabo-verdiana, em geral, a Diáspora Cabo-verdiana é indispensável para a construção de políticas que visam potencializar e acelerar as ações que reforçam a multiplicação dos canais de desenvolvimento no país. Por isso, é fundamental o reconhecimento político e econômico da participação dos emigrantes no desenvolvimento nacional visando não só à sustentabilidade das remessas, mas também à construção de novos arranjos institucionais que priorizem a valorização dos quadros da Diáspora e reformular as políticas de cooperação diplomática com os países anfitriões. Essas ações são importantes porque reforçam os laços da comunidade emigrada com o país de origem, potencializa o desenvolvimento de políticas de integração e proteção das respectivas comunidades, além da difusão das informações sobre as oportunidades de investimento no arquipélago. Logo, concentrar os esforços para atraírem os Investimentos Estrangeiros de Origem dos Emigrantes Cabo-verdianos (IEOECV) significa, sem dúvida, agregar e modernizar a trajetória do crescimento econômico do país. / The process of development of the cape verdean economy, historically suffers from endogenous structural constraints, such as natural conditions, since the country is composed of island territories, erratic rainfall and reduced agricultural production, limited financial conditions of state and industry private investment in long-term structural projects, lack of wealth, except the sun, wind and people, and, finally, poor internal capacity for investment in infrastructure and strategic sectors such as tourism, energy, agriculture, fishing, transport, education, among others. Despite those restrictions, Cape Verde has been showing since 1990, some economic, social and institutional advances, as compared with most economies in Africa. There, under official number of explanations for this performance. But in this thesis we try to confront the economy's performance from the sector of emigration, more specifically, the relationship between workers' remittances (RTE) and the country's economic growth. We conclude that the RTE contribute to the growth and development of the cape verdean economy, in general, that the Cape Verdean Diaspora is indispensable for the construction of policies to increase and accelerate actions that reinforce the multiplication of channels development in the country. Therefore, it´s essential to recognize the political and economic participation of emigrants in national development aiming at not only the sustainability of remittances but also the construction of new institutional arrangements the give priority to the recovery of the Diaspora frames and framing policies for diplomatic cooperation with the host countries. These actions are important because they reinforce the bonds of community emigrated to the country of origin, potentiates the development of integration policies and protection of respectives communities, beyond the dissemination of information on investment opportunities in the archipelago. Therefore, focus efforts to attract Foreign Investment in Origin of Cape Verdean Emigrants (FIOECV) means, no doubt, add and update the trajectory of economic growth of country.

O processo de desenvolvimento da economia cabo-verdiana, historicamente, sofre com as restrições estruturais endógenas, tais como, condições naturais, já que o país é constituído por territórios insulares, chuvas irregulares e produção agrícola reduzida, restringidas condições financeiras do estado e do setor privado para investimentos em projetos estruturais de longo prazo, ausência de riquezas, exceto sol, vento e pessoas, e, por fim, a precária capacidade interna para investimento na infra-estrutura e setores estratégicos, tais como, o turismo, a energia, a agricultura, a pesca, o transporte, a educação, entre outras. Apesar dessas restrições, Cabo Verde vem apresentando, desde 1990, alguns avanços econômicos, sociais e institucionais, se comparada com a maioria das economias do continente africano. Existem, no âmbito oficial, várias explicações para esse desempenho. Mas, nesta tese procuramos problematizar o desempenho da economia, a partir do setor da emigração, mais especificamente, a relação entre as Remessas dos Trabalhadores Emigrantes (RTE) e o crescimento econômico do país. Concluímos que as RTE além contribuírem para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da economia cabo-verdiana, em geral, a Diáspora Cabo-verdiana é indispensável para a construção de políticas que visam potencializar e acelerar as ações que reforçam a multiplicação dos canais de desenvolvimento no país. Por isso, é fundamental o reconhecimento político e econômico da participação dos emigrantes no desenvolvimento nacional visando não só à sustentabilidade das remessas, mas também à construção de novos arranjos institucionais que priorizem a valorização dos quadros da Diáspora e reformular as políticas de cooperação diplomática com os países anfitriões. Essas ações são importantes porque reforçam os laços da comunidade emigrada com o país de origem, potencializa o desenvolvimento de políticas de integração e proteção das respectivas comunidades, além da difusão das informações sobre as oportunidades de investimento no arquipélago. Logo, concentrar os esforços para atraírem os Investimentos Estrangeiros de Origem dos Emigrantes Cabo-verdianos (IEOECV) significa, sem dúvida, agregar e modernizar a trajetória do crescimento econômico do país. / The process of development of the cape verdean economy, historically suffers from endogenous structural constraints, such as natural conditions, since the country is composed of island territories, erratic rainfall and reduced agricultural production, limited financial conditions of state and industry private investment in long-term structural projects, lack of wealth, except the sun, wind and people, and, finally, poor internal capacity for investment in infrastructure and strategic sectors such as tourism, energy, agriculture, fishing, transport, education, among others. Despite those restrictions, Cape Verde has been showing since 1990, some economic, social and institutional advances, as compared with most economies in Africa. There, under official number of explanations for this performance. But in this thesis we try to confront the economy's performance from the sector of emigration, more specifically, the relationship between workers' remittances (RTE) and the country's economic growth. We conclude that the RTE contribute to the growth and development of the cape verdean economy, in general, that the Cape Verdean Diaspora is indispensable for the construction of policies to increase and accelerate actions that reinforce the multiplication of channels development in the country. Therefore, it´s essential to recognize the political and economic participation of emigrants in national development aiming at not only the sustainability of remittances but also the construction of new institutional arrangements the give priority to the recovery of the Diaspora frames and framing policies for diplomatic cooperation with the host countries. These actions are important because they reinforce the bonds of community emigrated to the country of origin, potentiates the development of integration policies and protection of respectives communities, beyond the dissemination of information on investment opportunities in the archipelago. Therefore, focus efforts to attract Foreign Investment in Origin of Cape Verdean Emigrants (FIOECV) means, no doubt, add and update the trajectory of economic growth of country.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A LIGHT WEIGHT, ENERGY DENSE, READY TO EAT (RTE) BAR Jacob Wilhelm-Maria Heick Providing additional calories in the form of an RTE bar to endurance athletes will increase performance and muscle re-synthesis, reduce muscle breakdown, and shorten recovery time. An RTE bar containing a blend of dairy proteins and carbohydrates will create a product with superior functionality, including bioactive and immunity enhancing properties from dairy derived ingredients. The protein will provide benefits in the form of easily digestible calories, essential amino acids and physical satiate. A formulation was developed and optimized, resulting in a final product that meets the required nutritional profile: 400kcal, 25grams protein per 100 gram serving size. The desired physical characteristics were achieved through processing by both conventional baking and freeze drying. The latter method improves the stability and functionality of the RTE bar. In order to meet the protein requirements of the RTE bar without compromising sensory properties, a unique protein source was developed. Using high concentrations of conventional protein sources like Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) resulted in stale off-flavors and unappealing textures. Milk Protein Precipitate (MPP) was developed for this formulation. MPP is a curd-like ingredient created through the combined heat and acid precipitation of dairy proteins. MPP can be used effectively in high concentrations provides a subtle dairy flavor. MPP delivers a balance of casein and whey, similar to that found in milk. The effectiveness of the RTE bar formulation as a post exercise recovery food was evaluated in a human studies experiment conducted on the Cal Poly campus. The human subjects study utilized 34 Cal Poly students in a single-blind cross-over design experiment. The study compared the effects of this high protein RTE bar against a calorically equal carbohydrate bar. The bars were administered after subjects completed the pre-assigned hikes on three consecutive days. Following the cross-over design, subjects received the alternate bar in the second period of the experiment. Several blood markers involved in metabolism and inflammation were measured before and after the two treatment periods. No blood marker showed a statistically significant difference between bars, but several trends were observed. Body weight and fat percent were also unaffected by bar composition.

Les temps de réponse dans une tache de reconnaissance d’objets visuels diminuent de façon significative lorsque les cibles peuvent être distinguées à partir de deux attributs redondants. Le gain de redondance pour deux attributs est un résultat commun dans la littérature, mais un gain causé par trois attributs redondants n’a été observé que lorsque ces trois attributs venaient de trois modalités différentes (tactile, auditive et visuelle). La présente étude démontre que le gain de redondance pour trois attributs de la même modalité est effectivement possible. Elle inclut aussi une investigation plus détaillée des caractéristiques du gain de redondance. Celles-ci incluent, outre la diminution des temps de réponse, une diminution des temps de réponses minimaux particulièrement et une augmentation de la symétrie de la distribution des temps de réponse. Cette étude présente des indices que ni les modèles de course, ni les modèles de coactivation ne sont en mesure d’expliquer l’ensemble des caractéristiques du gain de redondance. Dans ce contexte, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode pour évaluer le triple gain de redondance basée sur la performance des cibles doublement redondantes. Le modèle de cascade est présenté afin d’expliquer les résultats de cette étude. Ce modèle comporte plusieurs voies de traitement qui sont déclenchées par une cascade d’activations avant de satisfaire un seul critère de décision. Il offre une approche homogène aux recherches antérieures sur le gain de redondance. L’analyse des caractéristiques des distributions de temps de réponse, soit leur moyenne, leur symétrie, leur décalage ou leur étendue, est un outil essentiel pour cette étude. Il était important de trouver un test statistique capable de refléter les différences au niveau de toutes ces caractéristiques. Nous abordons la problématique d’analyser les temps de réponse sans perte d’information, ainsi que l’insuffisance des méthodes d’analyse communes dans ce contexte, comme grouper les temps de réponses de plusieurs participants (e. g. Vincentizing). Les tests de distributions, le plus connu étant le test de Kolmogorov- Smirnoff, constituent une meilleure alternative pour comparer des distributions, celles des temps de réponse en particulier. Un test encore inconnu en psychologie est introduit : le test d’Anderson-Darling à deux échantillons. Les deux tests sont comparés, et puis nous présentons des indices concluants démontrant la puissance du test d’Anderson-Darling : en comparant des distributions qui varient seulement au niveau de (1) leur décalage, (2) leur étendue, (3) leur symétrie, ou (4) leurs extrémités, nous pouvons affirmer que le test d’Anderson-Darling reconnait mieux les différences. De plus, le test d’Anderson-Darling a un taux d’erreur de type I qui correspond exactement à l’alpha tandis que le test de Kolmogorov-Smirnoff est trop conservateur. En conséquence, le test d’Anderson-Darling nécessite moins de données pour atteindre une puissance statistique suffisante. / Response times in a visual object recognition task decrease significantly if targets can be distinguished by two redundant attributes. Redundancy gain for two attributes is a common finding, but redundancy gain from three attributes has been found only for stimuli from three different modalities (tactile, auditory, and visual). This study extends those results by showing that redundancy gain from three attributes within the visual modality is possible. It also provides a more detailed investigation of the characteristics of redundancy gain. Apart from a decrease in response times for redundant targets, these include a decrease in minimal response times and an increase in symmetry of the response time distribution. This study further presents evidence that neither race models nor coactivation models can account for all characteristics of redundancy gain. In this context, we discuss the problem of calculating an upper limit for the performance of race models for triple redundant targets, and introduce a new method of evaluating triple redundancy gain based on performance for double redundant targets. In order to explain the results from this study, the cascade race model is introduced. The cascade race model consists of several input channels, which are triggered by a cascade of activations before satisfying a single decision criterion, and is able to provide a unifying approach to previous research on the causes of redundancy gain. The analysis of the characteristics of response time distributions, including their mean, symmetry, onset, and scale, is an essential tool in this study. It was therefore important to find an adequate statistical test capable of reflecting differences in all these characteristics. We discuss the problem and importance of analysing response times without data loss, as well as the inadequacy of common methods of analysis such as the pooling of response times across participants (e.g. Vincentizing) in the present context. We present tests of distributions as an alternative method for comparing distributions, response time distributions in particular, the most common of these being the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test. We also introduce a test yet unknown in psychology: the two-sample Anderson-Darling test of goodness of fit. We compare both tests, presenting conclusive evidence that the Anderson-Darling test is more accurate and powerful: when comparing two distributions that vary (1) in onset only, (2) in scale only, (3) in symmetry only, or (4) that have the same mean and standard deviation but differ on the tail ends only, the Anderson-Darling test proves to detect differences better than the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test. Finally, the Anderson-Darling test has a type I error rate corresponding to alpha whereas the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test is overly conservative. Consequently, the Anderson- Darling test requires less data than the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test to reach sufficient statistical power.

Les temps de réponse dans une tache de reconnaissance d’objets visuels diminuent de façon significative lorsque les cibles peuvent être distinguées à partir de deux attributs redondants. Le gain de redondance pour deux attributs est un résultat commun dans la littérature, mais un gain causé par trois attributs redondants n’a été observé que lorsque ces trois attributs venaient de trois modalités différentes (tactile, auditive et visuelle). La présente étude démontre que le gain de redondance pour trois attributs de la même modalité est effectivement possible. Elle inclut aussi une investigation plus détaillée des caractéristiques du gain de redondance. Celles-ci incluent, outre la diminution des temps de réponse, une diminution des temps de réponses minimaux particulièrement et une augmentation de la symétrie de la distribution des temps de réponse. Cette étude présente des indices que ni les modèles de course, ni les modèles de coactivation ne sont en mesure d’expliquer l’ensemble des caractéristiques du gain de redondance. Dans ce contexte, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode pour évaluer le triple gain de redondance basée sur la performance des cibles doublement redondantes. Le modèle de cascade est présenté afin d’expliquer les résultats de cette étude. Ce modèle comporte plusieurs voies de traitement qui sont déclenchées par une cascade d’activations avant de satisfaire un seul critère de décision. Il offre une approche homogène aux recherches antérieures sur le gain de redondance. L’analyse des caractéristiques des distributions de temps de réponse, soit leur moyenne, leur symétrie, leur décalage ou leur étendue, est un outil essentiel pour cette étude. Il était important de trouver un test statistique capable de refléter les différences au niveau de toutes ces caractéristiques. Nous abordons la problématique d’analyser les temps de réponse sans perte d’information, ainsi que l’insuffisance des méthodes d’analyse communes dans ce contexte, comme grouper les temps de réponses de plusieurs participants (e. g. Vincentizing). Les tests de distributions, le plus connu étant le test de Kolmogorov- Smirnoff, constituent une meilleure alternative pour comparer des distributions, celles des temps de réponse en particulier. Un test encore inconnu en psychologie est introduit : le test d’Anderson-Darling à deux échantillons. Les deux tests sont comparés, et puis nous présentons des indices concluants démontrant la puissance du test d’Anderson-Darling : en comparant des distributions qui varient seulement au niveau de (1) leur décalage, (2) leur étendue, (3) leur symétrie, ou (4) leurs extrémités, nous pouvons affirmer que le test d’Anderson-Darling reconnait mieux les différences. De plus, le test d’Anderson-Darling a un taux d’erreur de type I qui correspond exactement à l’alpha tandis que le test de Kolmogorov-Smirnoff est trop conservateur. En conséquence, le test d’Anderson-Darling nécessite moins de données pour atteindre une puissance statistique suffisante. / Response times in a visual object recognition task decrease significantly if targets can be distinguished by two redundant attributes. Redundancy gain for two attributes is a common finding, but redundancy gain from three attributes has been found only for stimuli from three different modalities (tactile, auditory, and visual). This study extends those results by showing that redundancy gain from three attributes within the visual modality is possible. It also provides a more detailed investigation of the characteristics of redundancy gain. Apart from a decrease in response times for redundant targets, these include a decrease in minimal response times and an increase in symmetry of the response time distribution. This study further presents evidence that neither race models nor coactivation models can account for all characteristics of redundancy gain. In this context, we discuss the problem of calculating an upper limit for the performance of race models for triple redundant targets, and introduce a new method of evaluating triple redundancy gain based on performance for double redundant targets. In order to explain the results from this study, the cascade race model is introduced. The cascade race model consists of several input channels, which are triggered by a cascade of activations before satisfying a single decision criterion, and is able to provide a unifying approach to previous research on the causes of redundancy gain. The analysis of the characteristics of response time distributions, including their mean, symmetry, onset, and scale, is an essential tool in this study. It was therefore important to find an adequate statistical test capable of reflecting differences in all these characteristics. We discuss the problem and importance of analysing response times without data loss, as well as the inadequacy of common methods of analysis such as the pooling of response times across participants (e.g. Vincentizing) in the present context. We present tests of distributions as an alternative method for comparing distributions, response time distributions in particular, the most common of these being the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test. We also introduce a test yet unknown in psychology: the two-sample Anderson-Darling test of goodness of fit. We compare both tests, presenting conclusive evidence that the Anderson-Darling test is more accurate and powerful: when comparing two distributions that vary (1) in onset only, (2) in scale only, (3) in symmetry only, or (4) that have the same mean and standard deviation but differ on the tail ends only, the Anderson-Darling test proves to detect differences better than the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test. Finally, the Anderson-Darling test has a type I error rate corresponding to alpha whereas the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test is overly conservative. Consequently, the Anderson- Darling test requires less data than the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test to reach sufficient statistical power.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.