El interés de la presente investigación parte del hecho que, existen diversas iniciativas del sector hotelero de implementar acciones de responsabilidad social empresarial en sus modelos de gestión. Si bien es cierto, existen diferentes estudios de responsabilidad social empresarial del sector hotelero con la finalidad de contribuir en el desarrollo económico, social y ambiental de una comunidad, sin embargo, el problema radica en que, se requiere una sistematización de la información. Por ello, el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo, identificar y dar a conocer los beneficios de la implementación de acciones de la responsabilidad social empresarial del sector hotelero en comunidades rurales. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se aplicó la metodología de revisión de literatura con un enfoque integrador, que permite la revisión de fuentes como tesis, libros, revistas académicas y artículos con una antigüedad no mayor a cinco años, del periodo 2016 – 2021. Previamente al desarrollo de las preguntas planteadas, se definirán el concepto de “responsabilidad social empresarial” y “comunidades rurales”, posteriormente, se desarrollarán las preguntas secundarias comenzando por, identificar las acciones de responsabilidad social en diferentes proyectos hoteleros en África, Asia, Europa, Latinoamérica y Norte América. Posteriormente, se dará a conocer los beneficios de las acciones de responsabilidad social en el ámbito económico, social y ambiental y se explicará el beneficio que atrae en las comunidades rurales. Adicionalmente, se integrará la información mediante tablas y finalmente se brindará las conclusiones de los beneficios de la responsabilidad social empresarial. / The interest of this research is since there are various initiatives in the hotel sector to implement corporate social responsibility actions in their management models. Although it is true, there are different studies of corporate social responsibility of the hotel sector to contribute to the economic, social, and environmental development of a community, however, the problem is that a systematization of the information is required. Therefore, this research work aims to identify and publicize the results of the implementation of actions of corporate social responsibility in the hotel sector in rural communities. For the development of the research, the literature review methodology was applied with an integrative approach, which allows the review of sources such as these, books, academic journals, and articles no more than five years old, from the period 2016 - 2021. Previously. When developing the questions posed, the concept of "corporate social responsibility" and "rural communities" will be defined, later, secondary questions will be developed starting with, identifying social responsibility actions in different hotel projects in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North America. Subsequently, the results of the social responsibility actions in the economic, social, and environmental fields will be announced and the benefit it attracts in rural communities will be explained. Additionally, the information will be integrated through tables and finally the conclusions of the benefits of corporate social responsibility will be provided. / Trabajo de investigación

MRDV / Institute for Rural Development

Thesis (MPAM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / The purpose of this study was to investigate municipal-citizen communication channels of the Thulamela Local Municipality, and their implications on service delivery. The study adopted a mixed method, qualitative-quantitative sequential approach. Qualitative data was sourced from key-informants comprised of community leaders, Ward Committee members, and a Community Development Workers. Quantitative data was sourced from ordinary community members of Dumasi village. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used as data collection tools for both the qualitative and quantitative phases. Thematic Content Analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Data analysis for the quantitative data was conducted using Cronbach’s Alpha, t-test and ANOVA test. The findings from both studies revealed that respondents perceived Thulamela Municipality’s communication channels to be ineffective. Community members’ reluctance to attend community meetings and lack of proper feedback were identified as the main causes. The findings further revealed that ineffectiveness of the communication channels leads to an increase in the number of community service delivery protests. Several suggestions are made resulting from the findings of this study. These include the designing and implementation of context-specific, municipal-citizen communication channels, in consultation with local communities.

El turismo basado en la comunidad viene creciendo de manera sostenida y permite que el turista aprenda las costumbres y tradiciones de poblaciones rurales. Asimismo, se da la oportunidad a las poblaciones rurales de ser los protagonistas de organizar las actividades turísticas para lograr un beneficio propio. Sin embargo, este tema no está siendo correctamente abordado en la literatura ya que existe escasa información sobre los perjuicios de esta actividad. Por ende, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar los beneficios y perjuicios que perciben las poblaciones que habitan en lugares donde se practica el turismo basado en la comunidad. Este estudio se desarrolló usando la metodología de revisión literaria bajo el enfoque integrador, el cual permitió sintetizar la información recolectada con el fin de hallar vacíos sobre el tema. Es así que se descubre que el turismo basado en la comunidad genera más beneficios que perjuicios, entonces se recomienda realizar futuros estudios cualitativos a profundidad de las dificultades que enfrentan las poblaciones en dicho escenario. Asimismo, se recomienda una intervención de los actores pertinentes del Estado para capacitar a los pobladores y que se desarrolle la actividad turística de una manera más sostenible. / Community-based tourism has been growing steadily and allows tourists to learn about the customs and traditions of rural populations. It also gives rural populations the opportunity to be the protagonists in organizing tourism activities for their own benefit. However, this issue is not being properly addressed in the literature, as there is little information on the detrimental effects of this activity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the benefits and detriments perceived by the populations living in places where community-based tourism is practiced. This study was developed using the literature review methodology under the integrative approach, which allowed synthesizing the information collected in order to find gaps on the subject. It is thus discovered that community-based tourism generates more benefits than detriments, so it is recommended that future in-depth qualitative studies be conducted on the difficulties faced by the populations in this scenario. It is also recommended that the relevant state actors intervene to train local people and develop tourism activities in a more sustainable manner. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

The rapid demand for wood products globally has put pressure on natural forests. Therefore, global efforts are now being directed toward establishing plantation forests to fill the wood supply gap while reducing the pressure on natural forests. This study conceptualized the socio-economic contribution of large-scale plantation forests to adjacent rural communities in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone based on the local perceptions of 125 households interviewed during data collection. To complement the household survey data, two forest-plantation experts were interviewed. The study found that local communities mainly benefit from plantation forestry through employment, improved road conditions, and water well constructions. However, the delivery of these benefits differed among the communities depending on the spatial distance from the plantation forestry central office. Benefits related to improvements in road conditions were perceived higher in the more far away communities. The trend is similar for the perception of benefits from plantation forestry activities: the farthest community with limited opportunities for alternative livelihood options appreciated the plantation forestry benefits highly and as fairly distributed. The results further revealed that perceived benefits from the plantation forestry industry, specifically employment and income, were rather unevenly distributed because the elites were able to capture more benefits than the others. These people were also identified to be influential in the distribution of benefits from the plantation industry. It is suggested that the plantation industry makes a conscious effort to extend the delivery of benefits to more community members regardless of their landholding, social status, or education level to ensure equal access to employment and land lease income, as well as CSR benefits.

Après une période d’effervescence économique et de relative autonomie, les élites rurales de la Galice wisigothique se replient sur elles-mêmes durant la seconde moitié du VIIe siècle. À la suite de ce repli, de nouvelles formes de monachisme et d’ascétisme se repandent parmi les élites et les populations. Ces monachismes sont fermement ancrés dans leurs paysages religieux, lesquels ont été consolidés par les aristocrates depuis le IVe siècle. Par l’utilisation de sources littéraires et des résultats de récentes fouilles archéologiques sur des sites tels que Castromao dans Celanova ou encore Santas Augas, nous relevons les interrelations entre les aristocrates, la population locale, les autorités religieuses institutionnelles, les moines et les moniales, en portant une attention particulière au paysage religieux et les réalités imposées par les terrains accidentés des montagnes du nord-ouest de l’Hispanie. Il ressort de notre recherche que les ermites et les monastères s’appuyaient sur les traditions d’un lieu afin de mieux s’intégrer aux populations locales, avec lesquels ils entretenaient des relations dynamiques. Ce travail s’intéresse également à la transformation de communautés rurales en monastères. Ces transformations étaient souvent motivées par des désirs d’autonomie et de protection du patrimoine du groupe. Ces conversions éparpillées ont mené à une fédération d’abbés cherchant à s’unir sous une même règle, la regula monastica communis, qui cherche plus à assurer la cohésion interne de la communauté que sa rigueur spirituelle. / After a period of economic effervescence and relative autonomy, the rural elites of Visigothic Galicia fell back on themselves during the second half of the 7th century. Following this withdrawal, new forms of monasticism and asceticism spread among the elites and populations. These monasticisms are firmly anchored in their religious landscapes, which have been consolidated by local aristocrats since the 4th century. Using literary sources and the results of archaeological explorations of chosen key sites such as Castromao in Celanova or Santas Augas, we identify the interrelationships between aristocrats, local populations, institutional religious authorities, monks and nuns, paying particular attention to the religious landscape and the realities imposed by the steep mountains of North-Western Hispania. Our research shows that hermits and monasteries relied on the traditions to better integrate with local people, with whom they had dynamic relationships. This work is also interested in the transformation of rural communities into monasteries. These transformations were often motivated by desires for autonomy and the protection of the group's patrimony. These scattered conversions led to a federation of abbots seeking to unite under the same rule, the regula monastica communis, which seeks more to ensure the internal cohesion of the community than its spiritual rigor.

This dissertation acknowledges that despite the global initiatives towards an inclusive information society, there are still some disparities in how communities access and use the information and communication technologies (ICTs) that are available. These disparities, or digital divide, have been interpreted and addressed from different interrelated theoretical view points. The provision of ICTs through public access centres has been widely applauded as one of the strategies to enable especially disadvantaged communities to participate in today‟s information led economy. Botswana has adopted the just noted approach. The country has also developed policies and supportive infrastructure to enable especially the rural communities to be part of the global information society. It is however regrettable that access and usage of ICT‟s is still notably low in rural communities. The concern over this worrisome situation motivated this study to explore the factors that enabled or inhibited access and use of ICTs that were available to the Letlhakeng community through public access centres. This descriptive case study was conducted in four sequential stages: designing, conducting the research, data analysis and development of conclusions. The study was characterized by a continued comparative analysis of data which was collected through interviews; observation and review of related documents from the service providers; the users and non users of the services. The Letlhakeng community had access to ICTs through individually owned stand alone centres and from government supported centres. These centres were used by both residents of Letlhakeng and people from nearby villages. The factors that promoted or inhibited access and use of the available ICTs differed within and between these communities. Despite the observed digital divide, the Letlhakeng community used the ICT public centres to access social services. There is a need to develop strategies to increase access to more technologies in the village and to equip the community / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

An alternative model of well-being and development using an emic and post-hoc approach is presented. This method was applied to a non-educated corridor sample which includes rural and urban shantytowns (n = 550). A psychometric wellbeing battery was developed for this study. Analytical technique includes a modified version of Confirmatory Factor Analysis in order to meet the demands of the post-hoc theorisation rationale. Alternative models of universal needs, subjective life satisfaction, resources, and values are presented. A three factor personality solution is described. Discussion emphasises the advantages of these results compared to theories and approaches from Europe and United States in theoretical and empirical terms. Implications for development are also discussed. / Se presenta una propuesta alternativa a los modelos establecidos de bienestar y desarrollo a través de una metodología émica y post hoc. Esta se aplica a un corredor migratorio desde comunidades rurales hasta urbano marginales. Se aplicó una batería psicométrica desarrollada para este estudio a 550 participantes y una versión modificada del análisis factorial confirmatorio para satisfacer las demandas de teorización post-hoc del estudio. Se proponen modelos alternativos de necesidades universales, satisfacción subjetiva de vida, recursos y valores. Se encuentra una estructura de tres factores de personalidad. Los resultados son discutidos en relación con las teorías establecidas desde el referente europeo y estadounidense y se reflexiona sobre sus perspectivas para el desarrollo.

A descriptive survey to identify factors influencing relapse of psychiatric outpatients in the rural communities of the Eastern Cape was undertaken. A questionnaire was used to collect data from family caregivers who were relatives of psychiatric patients receiving their monthly medications from two rural clinics. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. A total number of 92 family caregivers participated. Respondents reported side effects of psychotropic drugs, poor family role, poor referral system, lack of home visits, non-compliance and stigmatization as major factors contributing to relapse of psychiatric outpatients. Active involvement of caregivers in follow up care of their relatives is effective in fostering collaboration between the psychiatric hospitals and patients with the common goal of relapse avoidance. It is recommended that adequate provision of resources in conjunction with health education is effective in enhancing collaboration towards prevention of relapse in psychiatric patients. This would promote team work among patients, caregivers and health care providers. / Public Health / M.A. (Public Health)