More and more people choose to move from the countryside into the cities, which can eventually have a negative impact on rural municipalities. Rural municipalities with a negative populationgrowth may ultimatley be difficult to handle and offer health, education, social services and service. How will swedish rural municipalities reach a population growth? The purpose of the studie is to studie population developement in Osby and Åsele municipality, and how each municipality work with strategies to achieve and increase in population growth. A comparison between the two municipalities will then be made on the basis of natural population growth, internal migration and the role of immigration. In order to awnser the purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with both officals and politicians from each municipality. This is to gain a deeper understanding of how municipal different conditions and how they work with theses issues. The result showed that local conditions to attract a new population is different, but there are strategies of both municipalities to reach a population growth. Municipalities use of their advantages on the conditions that are to be able to market themselves and attract a new population.

They leave everything behind in the Netherlands;friends, family, jobs and careers in order to start a new life in what theycall the land of opportunities, namely Sweden. Here, in the county ofVärmland in a little, rural town named Hagfors they see a chance to a brighterfuture and the possibility of accomplishing a better quality of life. They wantto buy houses, start companies and explore a new way of life in this land ofpromises. While people are migrating from the Netherlands, inhabitants ofHagfors are moving out to big, urban cities that can offer more possibilities.This is the reality for many rural areas like Hagfors, they lose populationthrough out-migration. Despite the negative population trend, the municipalityregains some of its lost inhabitants through the international migration fromlarge Dutch cities. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the practiceof place marketing has been used by Hagfors municipality in order to attractnew inhabitants from the Netherlands. Which place marketingstrategies have been utilized by Hagfors, how can the effect of theseapproaches be measured and how is the Hagfors brand perceived by the Dutch immigrants?These are the research questions that have been answered through qualitativeinterviews with municipal employees and Dutch immigrants. The results implythat Hagfors have marketed themselves through the internet and the EmigrationExpo in Utrecht but these strategies have not had any effect on the immigrants’motives for moving to the area. Instead of actively tryingto receive more immigrants to the area Hagfors municipality should invest timeand money on the Dutchmen who are already living in the area.The conclusion that Hagfors has not developed a brand platform has preventedthe Dutch immigrants from creating a uniform image of the brand.

I Sverige utgör kommunerna en viktig roll i omställningsarbetet mot en hållbar utveckling. Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera kommunalt miljöarbete med ett särskilt fokus på landsbygdskommuners förutsättningar, genom att studera vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som finns. För att besvara uppsatsens syfte har semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med sju respondenter från sex olika kommuner genomförts. Analysen urskiljer resurser, kunskap, samverkan och politik som utmärkande faktorer gällande de studerade landsbygdskommunernas förutsättningar. De möjligheter som respondenterna upplever som mest betydande är samverkan med andra kommuner samt landsbygdskommunernas obyråkratiska organisationsstruktur, som främjar internt samarbete och färre beslutssteg. Bristen på ekonomiska resurser är en utmaning som har lett till personalbrist, tidsbrist och målkonflikter i miljöarbetet. Analysen visar att det finns behov av förändringar i dagens bidragsystem eftersom landsbygdskommunerna inte alltid har de förutsättningar som krävs för att söka eller nyttja de bidrag som finns. Politiska variationer till följd av mandatperioder har visat sig utgöra en utmaning som påverkar miljöfrågornas agendasättande och prioritering. Till följd av landsbygdskommunernas förutsättningar blir det strategiska miljöarbetet lidande, vilket gör att miljöarbetet i de studerade landsbygdskommunerna får en reaktiv karaktär snarare än en strategisk och förebyggande karaktär. Vidare visar studien att de studerade landsbygdskommunernas förutsättningar utgör större utmaningar än vad de skapar möjligheter i miljöarbetet. / In Sweden, the municipalities play an important role in the transition towards sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to analyze municipal environmental work with a special focus on rural municipalities' prerequisites, by studying the opportunities and challenges that exist. To answer the purpose of the thesis, semi-structured qualitative interviews with seven respondents from six different municipalities have been carried out. The analysis distinguishes resources, knowledge, collaboration and politics as distinctive factors regarding the studied rural municipalities' conditions. The opportunities that the respondents see as most significant are collaborations with other municipalities and the rural municipalities' non-bureaucratic organizational structure, which promotes internal cooperation and fewer decision-making steps. The lack of financial resources is a challenge that has led to staff shortages, lack of time, and goal conflicts in the environmental work. The analysis shows that there is a need for changes in the current grant system because the rural municipalities do not always have the prerequisites required to apply or use the grants available. Political variations due to mandate periods have proved to be a challenge that affects the agenda setting and prioritization of environmental issues. As a result of the rural municipalities' conditions, the strategic environmental work suffers, which means that the environmental work in the studied rural municipalities gets a reactive nature rather than a strategic and preventive nature. Furthermore, the study shows that the conditions of the rural municipalities studied create challenges that outweigh created opportunities in the environmental work.

This diploma thesis deals with comparison of architectural development of rural municipalities in the selected regions of the Czech Republic. Assessment, which facts in history had an influence for origin buildings in a South Bohemia, but at two different regions, where subject of research was at Soběslavsko-veselská blata and Hlubocko-zbudovská blata. Also it was necessary to emphasize how exceptional and momentous importance has rural municipalities in a history of architecture, which can influence rural development in a future.

Transformation of Czech society after 1989 caused changes in spatial migration patterns. After strong socialist urbanization and during post-socialist suburbanization, people also began to move from towns to more remote rural areas. The subject of the thesis is the evaluation of the rural area of South Bohemia in terms of changes in its population and migration development in 1992-2017. Firstly, the thesis briefly analyzes the long-term population development of individual municipalities with extended power of South Bohemia in the context of the whole Czechia and then analyzes the types (positional and size) of rural municipalities of South Bohemia when solving their population growth, stagnation or depopulation and reveals the role of natural currency and migration balance in this population development. The main part of the thesis is an analysis of the internal migration of municipalities of South Bohemia in 1992-2017, namely migration flows between rural municipalities (semi-peripheral and peripheral) on the one hand and urban regions, including core towns (important and less important) and surrounding suburban municipalities, on the second hand. The main aim of the thesis is research the counterurbanization of South Bohemia based on the above mentioned migration flows. Especially after 1997,...

The presented thesis focuses on the phenomenon of the cooperation of rural municipalities. The cooperative mechanism is one of possible ways for small municipalities to solve problems resulting from their limited financial, material and human resources. The cooperation with neighbouring municipalities or other actors of spatial development allows them to realize projects and activities, that they otherwise could not realize themselves because of the costs or spatial extent of the project or activity beyond their territory. The main objective of the thesis is to classify several types of the cooperation in rural region and to apply these classifications to the model region. First the fundamental theoretical background and external and internal factors affecting the cooperation of municipalities are discussed. Further several classifications of the cooperation were compiled based on theoretical findings and recent research results. As research method, applied in model region, guided interviews with representatives of the selected rural municipalities were chosen. The first two initial hypotheses of the thesis were confirmed within the selected rural municipalities in the region of the Bohemian Paradise: The formality of the cooperation is growing, respectively its intensity is decreasing according to growing...

The aim of this thesis is to analyse the financial situation of rural municipalities and define their specifics. The analysis deals with rural municipalities in the districts of České Budějovice, Prachatice and Jindřichův Hradec. It comprises several partial analyses {--} the analysis of civic amenities, the analysis of expenditures (according to the type and branch categorization of budget structure), the analysis of revenues (tax, non-tax, capital and subsidies), the calculation of budget surplus, the analysis of financial independence, and the calculation of an indebtedness index. The analysis of revenues has shown that rural municipalities are to large extent dependent on tax revenues, particularly on the portion of shared taxes that they are not able to directly influence, as the amount of the taxes depends on the number of inhabitants living in the municipality. That is why the rural municipalities can not afford too expensive investments. Consequently, if follows from the above-mentioned analyses that the respective municipalities are almost debtless, and their financial stability is considerably high. However, as a result, the smallest municipalities still miss sewage systems and gas distribution systems. Other problems also include bad traffic accessibility, lack of job opportunities and few social, cultural and sport facilities.

Platsannonser är medveten kommunikation från arbetsgivare med avsikten att framförallt locka nya medarbetare, men fungerar även som marknadsföring av den rekryterande organisationen. I platsannonser är efterfrågan på personliga egenskaper hos den som ska anställas ett vanligt förekommande fenomen. Dessa egenskaper är av intresse i denna studie. ”Personliga egenskaper i platsannonser” är en kvantitativ innehållsanalysstudie av platsannonser från media och kommunikationsområdet där förekomsten av efterfrågade personliga egenskaper är vad som analyseras. Studien syftar till att belysa hur platsannonser kan ses som strategiska i sin kommunikation i form av att efterfråga personliga egenskaper. Hur denna efterfråga ser ut och om det finns någon skillnad mellan storstad och landsbygd i Sverige kommer utredas. För att ta reda på vilka personliga egenskaper som efterfrågas oftast utformades ett kodningsschema och 654 platsannonser samlades in från Arbetsförmedlingen jobbförmedlartjänst Platsbanken. De 20 mest efterfrågade egenskaperna från dessa genomgick sedan ett chi2-test för att se om det fanns någon statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan kommuner i storstad och landsbygd eftersom storlek på kommun kan ha betydelse för hur arbetet utförs. Teorierna som studien baseras på är strategisk kommunikation och femfaktorteorin eller big five teorin som den heter som den heter på engelska. Dessa teorier visar på varför en platsannons kan ses som strategisk kommunikation och hur personlighet utgör en aspekt i rekryteringsprocessen. Femfaktorteorin bygger på att människans personlighet bygger på de fem faktorerna. Dessa faktorer består av adjektiv som beskriver personlighet, såsom t.ex. ansvarsfull, nyfiken och noggrann Alla människor har mer eller mindre av dessa faktorer. Studiens resultat visar att vissa personliga egenskaper efterfrågas mer frekvent än andra och från ett femfaktorteoretiskt perspektiv är vissa av dess faktorer mer förekommande än andra. Vilket i sin tur pekar på att platsannonser är strategisk kommunikation. Det fanns skillnader mellan storstad och landsbygd i vilka egenskaper som efterfrågas men likheterna var fler än olikheterna. Den vanligaste personliga egenskapen som efterfrågades i det insamlade materialet var strukturerad. Denna egenskap tillhör personlighetsfaktorn samvetsgrannhet. Att inneha mer av faktorn samvetsgrannhet är en bra indikation på framtida yrkesmässiga lycka, nöjdhet och prestation.

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the system of municipality incomes in the Czech Republic with respect to specifics of small municipalities. In last few years these municipalities have become a frequently discussed topic because of their lower incomes. The legislation has been devoting to this problem since 2008 and the differences between large and small municipalities in the Czech Republic were removed. There is income analysis of all municipalities in the Czech Republic from 2000 up to 2012 in this thesis. The municipalities were divided into two groups. The first group contains small villages, defined as municipalities up to 499 inhabitants. In the second group there are other municipalities of the Czech Republic except small villages, statutory cities and the Capital City of Prague. The real data were recalculated per head for this analysis and minimum, maximum, median and arithmetic mean were found. Variability of incomes is evaluated from these results. Regression and correlation analysis is made in some groups of revenues because of finding dependence among variables. Disparity in incomes of small towns and other communities is assessed by comparing the arithmetic means and medians between groups of municipalities using a Two-Sample t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Revenue growth is evaluated determination of the trends of the time series using linear regression. Some specifics in financing small villages were found from these analyzes. There was also confirmation of the hypothesis that small municipalities have lower incomes per an inhabitant.

Thesis on the analysis of incomes of rural municipalities will assess the amount, structure and dynamics of the incomes of rural municipalities in the Czech Republic. Incomes are analyzed in the period 2001 ? 2008 and are dividend into tax, non-tax, capita and received subsidies. The thesis presents the theoretical basis for the analysis, particularly for the legislative influences that cause ganges in incomes of minicipal budgets. The central charter of municipal budgets as tax revenues that are derived from existing law on budgetary determinativ of taxes. Tax revenues of municipalities consist of shared taxes, entrusted taxes and local fees. The most significant change in tax revenues occurred in 2008, which inceased income, especially in smaller communities. In terms of structure are the most signifiant tax revenues from shared taxes. Non-tax revenues mainly comprise revenues from their business. Capital incomes follow from sale of fix assets and it is the smallest share of the total incomes. The second most important income are received subsidies. They are dividend according to the purpose of investment and common. Rural municipalities are dividend into five categories because of comparison. And there is salso introduced one category of non-rural municipalities. The analysis of incomes shows that municipalities in the suburban zones have a different structure of their income.