This study deals with one of the efficient market hypothesis’ anomaly. The research aims at proving the existence of a size anomaly by answering the question: can you outperform the market by investing in small and mid caps? It is in fact a questioning of the well-know efficient market hypothesis (EMH). We investigate the size effect in the situation of a passive strategy with different indices (Russell Indices and S&P Indices) from 1995 to 2005. The introduction gives to the reader the background he needs to understand the methodology and the approach of the issue by the authors. Key concepts are defined such as EMH, passive strategy. The second part exposes the methodology the authors choose and the methodology of exploited indices. The research consist on measuring the risk adjusting excess returns by comparing the market index return (S&P 500 or Russell 3000) and the Small and Mid Caps indices (S&P Small Cap 600, S&P Mid Cap 400, Russell Mid Cap and Russell 2000) over the period. Indeed the methodology of indices is exposing in details to understand in which extent the study can be influence by the construction of indices. Then in part 3 the authors describe theories that are possible explanations for the size effect. Then it is understandable that the size anomaly is the result of a set of factors that generate abnormal returns. These theories help the authors to come up with a model that gives an overview of the research. After having explained their research method and reveal their empirical findings. The authors demonstrate that excess returns can be earned by investing in small and mid caps indices even after controlling for risk. The risk adjusting excess returns their findings can potentially be explained by the other factors depicted in the theoretical part. E/P ratios, Trading Costs, January effect, Overreaction are possible reasons to explain the size anomaly. They also find an instability and/or reversal of the size effect consistent with one of the theories. However the authors find data with non statistic significance, so I accept the null hypothesis that the excess returns of small and mid caps indices are equal to zero. The paper ends with a discussion about the limitations of the study and possible further researches. The authors conclude that even if the existence of a size effect is obvious for some years and horizons of investment, the passive strategy appears to be an unsuited method to take advantage of the small effect since the results reject the null hypothesis. The authors clarify the fact that before investing in small and mid caps, one has to be aware of all the factors that can influence his investment (beside risk) because the size effect is a set of factors. Key words: Efficient Market Hypothesis, Abnormal returns, Size effect (anomaly), Passive strategy, Market Index, S&P indices, Russell indices

Ce mémoire a pour objectif principal l'analyse du concept de métalangage tel qu'il s'est développé en logique mathématique. L'introduction et la conclusion mises à part, chaque chapitre porte sur un auteur -logicien, mathématicien ou philosophe ayant contribué de manière significative à l'évolution de ce concept. Ces auteurs sont, en ordre de présentation, Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, David Hilbert, Kurt Godel et Alfed Tarski. Puisque la notion de métalangage s'est développée avec la formalisation progressive de la logique, une attention particulière est accordée à l'émergence des systèmes formels et à leur présentation. Trois périodes se dessinent dans la genèse de cette notion. Une première, que j'appelle « pré-météthéorique », où l'intervention d'une théorie externe au langage formel est rejetée catégoriquement, mais où certaines notions métathéoriques sont implicitement tracées. Une seconde, dite « hilbertienne », qui marque l'entrée en jeu de la métamathématique et qui consacre le métalangage dans l'étude des mathématiques, quoiqu'avec des moyens limités. Et une troisième, dite « tarskienne », où la notion moderne de métalangage est exposée. Par ailleurs, j'effectue une analyse détaillée de la preuve que Godel donne de son second théorème d'incomplétude où je prétends qu'il commet une erreur conceptuelle entre langage et métalangage. Enfin, en conclusion, j'explore une conception fondationnelle de la logique compatible avec l'étude métathéorique. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Métalangage, Logique, Philosophie, Métamathématique, Godel, Tarski.

Twentieth Century Americans witnessed the construction of numerous massive dams that controlled the flow of rivers across the country. Many of these dams were built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to improve navigation and to provide inexpensive electricity and flood control. This paper will seek to shed light on Georgia’s current water crisis by analyzing the initial purposes behind the building of Buford Dam in North Georgia, investigating how water supply issues were addressed in the first half of the twentieth century, and exploring how expectations of the Chattahoochee River changed over time due in part to metropolitan Atlanta’s population growth. This paper will show that Atlanta area leaders secured appropriations for Buford Dam primarily to obtain a reliable water supply and additional electricity for their burgeoning community.

This paper explores how changing conceptions of religion, race, and gender at the beginning of the twentieth century promoted transnational anti-systemic movements and increased cooperation between progressive intellectuals and political activists. Using the cases of Bertrand Russell, George Bernard Shaw, W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, Jane Addams, and Sylvia Pankhurst, this paper chronicles and analyzes protest to the First World War and objection to the organization of the world-system.

Le 21 octobre 2010, l'ex-colonel David Russell Williams, alors colonel des Forces aériennes et commandant de la base militaire de Trenton en Ontario (la plus importante base aérienne canadienne), a été reconnu coupable du meurtre de deux femmes, assassinées à leur domicile respectif, d'agressions sexuelles et de 82 accusations de vols et entrées par effraction dans les villes de Tweed, Belleville, Orleans. David Russell Williams représente un cas emblématique de masculinité hégémonique militaire. Cette recherche s'intéresse ainsi au mécanisme de construction de la masculinité hégémonique militaire et utilise les événements liés à l'ex-colonel nous servent de porte d'entrée pour explorer les violences perpétrées contre les femmes par les agents de l'État canadien. Cette recherche remémore, en premier lieu, différents cas de violence contre les femmes perpétrés par des militaires afin de dresser un portrait général, mais non exhaustif, de la problématique. Ce mémoire s'attarde dans un second temps à la perception des médias par rapport aux événements et, par le fait même, à la perception que le public en a eu. Nous procédons à une analyse des médias, précisément des quotidiens La Presse, Le Devoir, The Globe and Mail, et The Belleville Intelligencer. Les événements ont largement marqué l'année médiatique. Bien que David Russell Williams soit reconnu comme un des pires meurtriers de l'histoire du Canada, nous avançons que la couverture médiatique, notamment par la mise en scène des événements, a participé à maintenir le tueur sériel à caractère sexuel comme un modèle de masculinité hégémonique militaire et à occulter les violences contre les femmes et la misogynie sous-jacente aux crimes. L'occultation se fait à travers quatre tactiques (personnification, psychologisation, séparation d'une même personne, évitement). À travers cette analyse, nous émettons l'hypothèse que les médias sont restés sourds à la socialisation militaire et ont ainsi été la voix des institutions étatiques. Finalement, cette recherche propose une réflexion féministe des événements. Basé sur les écrits féministes matérialistes, ce mémoire permet de voir les fondements de l'identité masculine militaire, les effets de la violence sur les femmes en termes de contrôle et les impacts sur les rapports sociaux de sexe. Nous défendons l'idée selon laquelle Williams a retenu l'attention médiatique, non pas parce qu'il a volé, violé puis tué des femmes, mais bien parce qu'il a transgressé les normes de la masculinité hégémonique militaire en se travestissant. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Masculinité, masculinité hégémonique militaire, David Russell Williams, violences, Forces canadiennes.

E. Mervyn Taylor (1906-1964) was a pakeha artist whose prints drew influence from Maori culture and motif. He was one of a small number of artists who developed interest in Maori culture during the 1940s and 1950s. He expanded interest into detailed study of Maori culture, and interaction with Maori, and produced a significant body of prints on this subject during his career. Taylor's prints were acclaimed during his lifetime, but in the decades after his death, his reputation faded to the extent that he became relatively obscure. This persisted until the late 1980s, when art historical reassessment of his work began. This thesis forms a part of this continued re-evaluation. It focuses on Taylor's prints on Maori subjects, an area not sufficiently scrutinised in an academic context. It aims to reach deeper understanding of his prints through historical analysis of the factors that influenced him to choose Maori, and their culture as subjects for his artwork. The thesis also examines why Taylor's reputation was so emphatically based on his New Zealand heritage, as well as the quality of his craftsmanship, his beliefs about which formed the foundation of his philosophy. Nationalist and regionalist notions also figured in his aesthetic ideals. His prints are also placed in relation to the modern debate over cultural appropriation in art. Greater recognition and understanding of Taylor's oeuvre may be achieved by establishing why he chose Maori subjects, and what specific features they contributed to the character of his work.

Analysing the repeated debates within American conservatism over the place of Abraham Lincoln within American history.

Thesis advisor: Joni L. Kinsey. Thesis advisor: Joni Kinsey. Includes bibliographic references (p. 287-299).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Stacy Wolf. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

A presente dissertação tem dois objetivos. Em primeiro lugar, pretendemos armar um debate entre Russell e Wittgenstein tendo como questão mestra a relação entre lógica e linguagem. Em especial, procuramos encontrar elementos em The Philosophy of Logical Atomism e no Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus para reconstruir a resposta que consta em cada uma das obras para as questões: qual o estatuto lógico da linguagem corrente? Qual a função do lógico enquanto tal? Em segundo lugar, pretendemos apresentar um jogo de cartas – o jogo da Figuração – que desenvolvemos ao longo da pesquisa e funciona como uma ilustração do Tractatus. Em função do jogo será possível compreender algumas das principais teses da obra. Em especial, o papel da teoria da figuração e a distinção entre dizer e mostrar como pilares da explicação tractariana para a questão sobre o funcionamento lógico da linguagem. Além disso, com base na semelhança entre o nosso jogo da figuração e a explicação de Wittgenstein para o funcionamento lógico da linguagem, apresentaremos uma série de razões que justificam o fracasso do projeto de Wittgenstein. Por fim, defenderemos a tese segundo a qual o nosso pensamento funciona com base em uma série de padrões lógicos distintos e não apenas um único padrão lógico (tal qual defendido no Tractatus). / The present dissertation has two goals. In the first place, we intend to construct a debate between Russell and Wittgenstein having the relation between logic and language as our master question. In particular, we seek to find elements in The Philosophy of Logical Atomism and the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus to reconstruct the answer in each of the works for the questions: what is the logical status of the current language? What is the role of the logician as such? Secondly, we intend to present a card game – the Picture game- that we developed throughout the research and functions as an illustration of the Tractatus. Based on the game we will be able to understand some of the main theses of the work. In particular, the role of picture theory and the distinction between saying and showing as pillars of the tractarian explanation for the question about the logical functioning of language. Moreover, on the basis of the similarity between our picture game and Wittgenstein's explanation for the logical functioning of language, we will present a number of reasons for the failure of Wittgenstein's project. Finally, we will defend the thesis that our thinking operates on the basis of a series of distinct logical patterns and not just a single logical pattern (as defended in the Tractatus).