This thesis is focused on a theoretical explanation of some models for the optimization stock portfolios with different risk measure. The theory of the nonlinear programming is detailed developed and also basic Markowitz`s model with another optimization models as Konno -- Yamazaki`s model, Roy`s model, semivariance approach and Value at Risk approach, which are based on alternative risk measure. For all models the assumptions of their applications are highlighted and the comparation of these models is made too. Analytical part is concerned in the construction of the effecient portfolios according to the described models is made on the historical market prices of 13 companies traded on Prague Stock Exchange in SPAD.

[pt] Este trabalho apresenta novas diretrizes para o estudo de escoamentos saturados em meios porosos rígidos e elásticos lineares. São propostas novas abordagens do problema que vão desde a modelagem até a teoria de aproximação numérica. Destacam-se os seguintes pontos: - Apresentação de uma teoria sistem[atica e consistente para descrever o problema que generalize a teoria clássica, a qual, baseada em observações experimentais, utiliza a lei de Darcy como forma de expressar o balanço de momentum para o fluido. - Derivação de estimativas de erro para a aproximação por elementos finitos das equações que descrevem o problema de escoamentos em meios porosos elásticos lineares. Nesta área é dado ênfase a análise do problema de consolidação linear de solos saturados proposto por Biot. Para aumentar as taxas de convergência e consequentemente melhorar a precisão da solução aproximada são propostas técnicas de pós-processamento sequencial de Galerkin - Petrov-Galerkin. / [en] This work presentes new directions in the modelling and approximation theory for the problem of saturated flows in rigid and linear elastic porous media. The following aspects are emphasized. - Presentation of a systematic and consistent theory to describe the problem that generalizes the classical theory, wich, based on experimental observations, expresses the momentum balance for the fluid by Darcy s law. - Derivation of error estimates of finite element approximation of seepage in porous elastic media. In this area we emphasize the Biot s model of consolidation. Sequential post-processing techniques are proposed to improve the rates os convergence of pore pressure and effective stress approximations.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the environment of the company TEFIS s.r.o., active in the logistics industry. It discusses the assessment and suggestions for changes to the company's information system. Given issues contains the theoretical background to the given issues and analyzes that were carried out in the company environment. Based on the analysis, the work actually includes suggestions for solutions for streamlining the information system and an overall summary.

The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the information system of the company, which deals with the processing and sale of metallurgical material. Various analyzes will be used to evaluate the individual parts of the system, on the basis of which proposals for changes and measures, which should lead to better overall efficiency of processes, will be created in the final part.

Subject of this master´s thesis is the analysis of the chosen company RALU. Using the financial analysis and the analyses of external and internal environment of the company, the actual company condition is determined and on the basis of these results, some suggestions that lead to improvement of company’s status on the labour are proposed.

This Master’s thesis is concerned in marketing strategy proposal, based on analysis of both current domestic kitchen appliances trade and up-to-date company position.The analysis was done for Isolit-Bravo, Ltd. from Jablonné nad Orlicí, a well respected company which produces different kinds of kitchen appliances for the local and foreign markets.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att från ett medarbetarperspektiv belysa effekterna av Lean Production, med inriktning på upplevda effekter gällande välbefinnande. Detta görs genom en kartläggning av JDC(S)-modellens tre dimensioner Krav, Kontroll och Stöd. Metod: Studien utgår från den hermeneutiska vetenskapstraditionen med ett socialkonstruktivistiskt förhållningssätt till verkligheten. Genom en deduktiv forskningsansats relateras teori och empiri i en fallstudie. Ett kvalitativt angreppssätt genom tio semistrukturerade intervjuer utgör basen för det empiriska materialet, vilket sedermera analyseras i en tematisk analys. Resultat & slutsats: Studien tyder på att medarbetare upplever högre krav i kombination med lägre jobbkontroll som effekter av Lean Production. De negativa effekterna som detta kan medföra på välbefinnandet tycks dock kunna minska om medarbetarna erhåller ett starkt socialt stöd från kollegor, närmsta chef och familj. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: I studien finner vi framförallt två områden där vi tror att en fördjupad förståelse skulle kunna uppnås genom vidare forskning. Det första är en kompletterande anonym surveyundersökning för att studera medarbetarnas relation till sin närmaste chef. Det andra är en fördjupad litteraturstudie kring kollegors inneboende vilja att hjälpa varandra på arbetsplatsen. Därutöver anser vi att en vidare forskning kring huruvida kortare arbetstid kan öka produktiviteten och medarbetares välmående skulle vara intressant. Studiens bidrag: Studien belyser betydelsen av socialt stöd för det upplevda välbefinnandet bland medarbetare. Det sociala stödet tycks vara speciellt viktigt i arbeten som förknippas med höga krav och en låg grad av kontroll, som exempelvis inom tillverkningsindustrin. / Aim: The aim of this study is to highlight the impact of Lean Production from an employee perspective, with a focus on perceived impact of well-being. This is done by mapping the JDC(S)-model's three dimensions Demand, Control and social Support. Method: The study is based on the hermeneutic science tradition with a social constructivist approach to reality. Theory and empirical evidence are related through a deductive research approach in a case study. A qualitative method through ten semi-structured interviews form the basis of the empirical material, which subsequently is analyzed in a thematic analysis. Result & Conclusions: The study suggests that employees experience the effects of Lean Production as higher demands coupled with low job control. However, the negative effects this can entail on the well-being seems to be reduced if the employees receive a strong social support from colleagues, line manager and family. Suggestions for further research: Primarily we find two areas in the study where we believe that a deeper understanding could be achieved through further research. The first is a complementary anonymous survey where employees' relationship with their line manager is studied. The second is a detailed literature study about colleagues' intrinsic desire to help each other in the workplace. In addition, we believe that further research on whether shorter working hours can increase productivity and employee well-being would be interesting. Contribution of the thesis: The study highlights the importance of social support for the perceived well-being among employees. Social support seems to be especially important in jobs that are associated with high demands and low degree of job control, such as in manufacturing.

Neste trabalho consideramos o modelo de Potts na árvore de Cayley submetida a um campo magnético. Esse campo pode ser representado pela interação dos spins da árvore com um spin adicional, denominado spin fantasma. Essa nova rede passa a ser chamada de árvore de Cayley fechada e assimétrica. Sendo uma rede hierárquica, ela representa soluções exatas que são obtidas quando as técnicas do grupo de renormalização no espaço real são aplicadas. Subtraindo os efeitos de superfície e considerando somente o interior da árvore (rede de Bethe), esses resultados reproduzem os resultados da aproximação de campo médio de Bethe-Peierls. Com a finalidade de estudar a função de correlação do modelo de Potts na rede de Bethe, consideramos primeiramente uma cadeia de Potts interagindo com um spin fantasma. Através das regras de composição em série e paralelo e do método da quebra e colapso para as trasmissividades térmicas (função de correlação) obtemos uma fórmula de recorrência para a função de correlação entre quaisquer dois spins na cadeia. Mostramos então que pela invariança translacional da rede de Bethe qualquer par de spins pode ser mapeado no sistema anterior. A seguir consideramos o modelo de Potts de um estado na árvore de Cayley fechada e assimétrica. Decimando os spins interiores da unidade geradora da rede, obtemos um mapa polinomial quadrático para a transformação do grupo de renormalização (mapa de Bethe-Peierls). O diagrama de fase desse sistema é então obtido do conjunto de Mandelbrot através de uma transformação de Mobius. O mapa de Bethe-Peierls apresenta dois pontos fixos, que são relacionados com as fases ferro e paramagnética e o regime caótico é identificado com a fase vidro de spin. Esse sistema revela ser o exemplo mais simples de vidro de spin de McKay-Berker-Kirkpatrick. Na rede de Bethe e a campo nulo esse sistema apresenta transições de fase de segunda ordem. Analisando o comportamento crítico da função de correlação e de suas derivadas, vemos que se identificarmos a função de correlação entre o spin fantasma e qualquer spin da rede com a magnetização (por spin) e a função de correlação entre dois spins primeiros vizinhos com a energia interna do sistema, cinco expoentes críticos ((&#948, &#946, &#947 &#8217, &#945, &#945 &#8217) são calculados e satisfazem as relações de escala. Para ilustrar o procedimento recursivo apresentado para calcular a função de correlação entre dois spins separados por ligações m na rede de Bethe, consideramos os spins de Potts de um estado. Obtemos então de forma explícita as correlações para m=1, 2 e 3.0 / In this work we consider the Potts model on the Cayley tree subjected to a magnetic Field. This field can be represented by the interaction of the tree spins with an additional one, denominated ghost spin. This new lattice is then called closed-asymmetric Cayley tree. Being a hierarchical lattice it comes to have exact solutions which are obtained when the real-space renormalization group techniques are applied. Subtracting the surface effects and considering only the tree interior (Bethe lattice), these results reproduce the results of Bethe-Peierls mean-field approximation. With the objective of studying the pair-correlation function of the Potts model on the Bethe lattice, we at first consider a Potts chain interacting with a ghost spin. Throughout the series-parallel composition rules and the break-collapse method for the thermal transmissivities (pair-correlation function) we obtain a recursive relation for the correlation function between any two spins on the chain. We then show, due to the translational invariance of the Bethe lattice, that any pair of spins can be mapped into the latter system. Next we consider the one-state Potts model on the closed asymmetric tree. Decimating the inner spins of the generating unit for the lattice, we obtain a quadratic polynomial map for the renormalization group transformation (Bethe-Peierls map). The phase diagram of this system is obtained from the Mandelbrot set throughout a Mobius transformation. The Bethe-Peierls map has two stable fixed points which are related to the ferro and paramagnetic phases and the chaotic regime is identified with the spin-glass phase. This system turns out to be the simplest example of a McKay-Berker-Kirkpatrick spin glass. On the Bethe lattice with vanishing field this system presents second-order phase transitions. Analyzing the critical behavior of the pair-correlation function and of this derivatives, we see that if we identify the correlation function between the ghost spin and any spin on the lattice with the magnetization (per spin), and the correlation function between two nearest-neighbor spins with the internal energy of the system, five critical exponents (&#948, &#946, &#947 &#8217, &#945, &#945 &#8217) are calculated and they satisfy the scaling relations. In order to illustrate the recursive procedure presented to calculate the pair-correlation function between spins m bonds apart on the Bethe lattice, we consider the one-state Potts spins. We obtain explicitly the correlation for m=1, 2 and 3.

This diploma thesis based on a result of the European Union's intention to increase the share of electricity produced from renewable energy sources in the total production, Slovak Republic currently subsidises building gasifier power plants (high efficiency combined production) to produce electricity and thermal energy from the biomass. Therefore, this thesis aims to build a financial plan of gasifier, which will be used for the evaluation of the investment from the point of view of an investor. Valuation depends mainly on the economic benefits of the project with regards to the assessment of business environment. The work contains a sensitivity analysis to determine what impact on the value of the cash flows will make a percentage change in one variable.

Many problems in financial world are being modeled by means of differential equation. These problems are time dependent, highly nonlinear, stochastic and heavily depend on the previous history of time. A variety of financial products exists in the market, such as forwards, futures, swaps and options. Our main focus in this thesis is to use the numerical analysis tools to solve some option pricing problems. Depending upon the inter-relationship of the financial derivatives, the dimension of the associated problem increases drastically and hence conventional methods (for example, the finite difference methods or finite element methods) for solving them do not provide satisfactory results. To resolve this issue, we use a special class of numerical methods, namely, the mesh free methods. These methods are often better suited to cope with changes in the geometry of the domain of interest than classical discretization techniques. In this thesis, we apply these methods to solve problems that price standard and non-standard options. We then extend the proposed approach to solve Heston' volatility model. The methods in each of these cases are analyzed for stability and thorough comparative numerical results are provided.