This thesis considers the proposed business plan which outlines the present difficult conditions which exist in the company. It is derived from a complex analys of the company surroundings, changes and estimates of internal performance parameters aligned to the agreed strategic design. The objective is to produce a definitive document which sets out a clear statement of the future direction of the business and its desired position including the identification of the resources required to achieve that goal

The master´s thesis delas with reporting. In the first part – theoretic one – the thesis explains the conception of reporting as the one of contolling basic functions, SLEPTE analysis and Porter´s model of competitive environment, Kralickuv Quick and SWOT analysis. The practical part deals with charts creation. From these points of view there are presented propsals facilitate improving the firm possition.

The diploma thesis is focused on a preparation of a business plan for the establishment of a new home furnishing fabrics and decorations e-shop. It examines the present market and competition state. It contains a project implementation draft including a financial budget.

The master´s thesis is a proposal of a business plan for establishment of catering company in the city Náměšť nad Oslavou. The theoretical part is focused on the structure of the business plan, necessary analyses, sources of financing, and legal forms of business. In the practical part there is the theoretical knowledge applied to the particular situation, where the feasible entrepreneurial plan will be created.

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård syftar till att ge symtomlindring och om möjligt bibehålla livskvalité. Forskning visar att digital teknik används av sjuksköterskor för att dokumentera mätvärden, journalföring, men även att patienter kan fylla i mätvärden självständigt. Det finns behov av forskning som inriktar sig på och undersöker sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att använda digital teknik inom palliativ vård. Idag använder sjuksköterskor inom palliativ vård alltmer teknisk utrustning för att stödja patienters behov i dagligt liv. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av digital teknik i specialiserad palliativ vård. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ design där sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda digital teknik utforskas för att få ny kunskap. Tio individuella intervjuer genomfördes inom specialiserad palliativ vård. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades med inspiration från Graneheim och Lundmans kvalitativa innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visar sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att använda digital teknik för att främja personcentrerad vård, patienten och sjuksköterskans relation samt hur digital teknik påverkar sjuksköterskors arbetssätt. Resultatet presenteras i ett övergripande tema: min digitala medhjälpare som byggs upp av två teman: främjar personcentrerad vård och digital teknik i sjuksköterskans kliniska arbete. Sex subteman är: patientens röst i journalen, fokus på patient och situation, interaktion och relation, uppgiften styr användningen, hinder och stöd avstår från användning. Slutsats: Resultatet bidrar/stärker personcentrerad palliativ vård och patientens delaktighet i vården, vilket kan kännas igen i modellen om De 6 S:n. Resultatet kan bidra med ökad förståelse och kunskap om digital teknik i specialiserad palliativ vård och bidra till utveckling av personcentrerad palliativ vård. / Background: Palliative care aims to provide symptom relief and, if possible, maintain quality of life. Research shows that digital technology used by nurses is used to document measurements, record keeping, but also that patients can fill in measurements independently. There is a need for research that focuses on and examines nurses' experiences of using digital technology. Today palliative care nurses are increasingly using technological equipment to support patients' needs in daily life. Aim: To describe nurses' experience with digital technology in specialized palliative care. Method: The study has a qualitative design where nurses' experience of using digital technology is explored to gain new knowledge. Ten individual interviews were conducted within specialized palliative care. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with inspiration from Graneheim and Lundman's qualitative content analysis. Results: The results show nurses' experience of using digital technology to promote person-centered care, The relationship between patient and nurse, and how digital technology affects the way nurses work. The results are presented in an overall theme: my digital assistant, which is built up by two themes promotes person-centered care and digital technology in the nurse's clinical work. The six subthemes are: the patient's voice in the medical record, focus on the patient and situation, interaction and relationship, the task controls the use, barriers and support discourages use. Conclusion: The result contributes/strengthens person-centered palliative care and patient participation in care, which can be recognized in the model of the 6 S's. The result can contribute with increased understanding and knowledge of digital technology in specialized palliative care and contribute to the development of person-centered palliative care.

No description available.

認購權證已在台灣發行與交易已接近七年的歷史，提供了更多套利、投機與避險交易的機會給市場參與者，也同時增加資本市場之完整性。而由於認購權證提供持有者在一段期間內依照特定價格購買特定數量標的股票之權利，投資人可以根據其意願與看法於到期日前來決定是否進行履約。而權證投資人購買權證之權利金即是包含內含價值與投資人願意支付的時間價值兩部分。時間價值的多寡反應出投資人對於未來權證履約價格是否可以無限增加的看法。而在其他條件不變之下，距到期時間越久之權證的價值應是越高。不過，是否時間越接近到期日時，投資人對於時間價值的看法就會呈現單純線性下降的狀態，還是另外有其他的資訊內涵會影響投資人對於價值的看法，即為本研究所欲探討之主題。 本研究針對台灣市場中個股型認購權證不同時點之時間價值變化程度，與可能影響時間價值變化的因素進行分析，其研究結果如下： 1.研究樣本並非完全符合越接近到期日時間價值減少的現象越明顯的狀態，顯示時間價值的變化隱含著會有其他之因素影響投資願意支付金額的多寡。且部分權證的確曾發生短期內時間價值大幅衰減的現象。 2.權證之價內外程度、距到期日之遠近、相對交易量的多寡與標的股票是否為電子業，對時間價值減少均有顯著的影響。另外，距到期日之天數、權證相對成交量、標的股票所屬產業與市場是否處於多頭與否均顯著影響短期內發生時間價值大幅衰退之現象。 3.本研究發現目前無法利用權證發行條件的差異，來判斷此權證是否會在存續期間當中發生時間價值急速衰退的現象。 / Warrants has been traded in Taiwan for seven years, and provides more opportunities for participants to arbitrage, hedge and speculate in capital market. Warrant gives holders the right to buy stocks at certain price during a period of time. The premium (price) to long warrants is contained intrinsic value and time value. Other things being equal, the longer the time to expiration day, the higher the value of warrants, since there is larger probability for investors to get more return. However, would any other terms expect time to expiration affect the variations of time value, or if we can find some variables could provide other content of information and result the change of time value. This is what the study focus on. Followings are the results of this study: 1. There are not all thetas of warrants in this sample decreasing simply by the time to expiration. It seems to be other variables would cause the change of theta. Besides, some warrants had serious time-decay in a short period of time. 2. Intrinsic value, time to expiration, trading volume, whether underlying stock in electronic industry or not and the market condition all have obvious effects on decrease of time value and serious time-decay. 3. It is still impossible to use issue information to identify if this warrant will have time-decay in its life.

Ao largo da costa oeste da Am´erica do Sul o sistema de ressurg^encia costeira apresenta uma excepcional produtividade, um resultado da alta efici^encia do ecossistema biol´ogico em converter a produ¸c~ao prim´aria em biomassa. Esses processos qu´?micobiol ´ogicos s~ao fortemente modulados pelo ambiente f´?sico da regi~ao. Por exemplo, durante eventos do El-Ni~no a produtividade pesqueira ´e fortemente prejudicada em resposta a uma inibi¸c~ao da ressurg^encia costeira. Apesar disso ser um fato j´a bastante conhecido desde ´epocas pr´e-colombianas, muita d´uvida ainda persiste sobre o mecanismo pelo qual o sistema costeiro ´e afetado por esses fen^omenos de grande escala. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de se contribuir com esse conhecimento, estudando como ocorreram as mudan¸cas do sistema durante recentes eventos El Ni~no, principalmente na escala intrasazonal. Nessa investiga¸c~ao foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias de an´alise de dados para identificar a natureza dos for¸cantes de oscila¸c~oes significativas observadas durante o El Ni~no 1997-1998. Tamb´em foi investigado se essas oscila¸c~oes foram for¸cadas remotamente e se propagaram como ondas aprisionadas na costa; quais foram suas propriedades espaciais e sua propaga¸c~ao longo da costa. A primeira parte do trabalho consiste na an´alise da variabilidade temporal e a caracteriza¸c~ao das flutua¸c~oes de baixa freq¨u^encia ocorridas durante eventos El Ni~no. Essa an´alise faz uso do espectro de ondeleta aplicado a s´eries temporais longas de dados do n´?vel do mar de esta¸c~oes costeiras distribu´?das ao longo da costa sul do Equador, costa do Peru e costa norte do Chile. O espectro de ondeleta cruzada e o espectro da coer^encia foram usados para avaliar a import^ancia relativa das for¸cantes remota e local das varia¸c~oes do n´?vel do mar associadas com os efeitos do El Ni~no 1997-1998. Na segunda parte, as flutua¸c~oes for¸cadas remotamente foram comparadas com modelos lineares simples e o modelo de Brink e Chapman (1987) para se obter as propriedades das ondas aprisionadas na costa durante o El Ni~no Extraordin ´ario (1997-1998). Uma importante conclus~ao dessas an´alises foi a constata¸c~ao de que variabilidades intrasazonais ao largo da costa do Peru durante esse El Ni~no foi, em parte significativa, o resultado da atua¸c~ao de for¸cantes remotas e locais, associadas com ondas equatoriais incidindo na Costa Oeste da Am´erica do Sul e com o efeito do vento, respectivamente. / Off the western coast of South America, the coastal upwelling system presents an exceptional productivity, a result of the high efficiency of the biological ecosystem in converting the primary production into biomass. These chemical and biological processes are strongly modulated by the physical environment. For instance, during El Ni~no events the fishery productivity is strongly impaired in response to an inhibition of the coastal upwelling. In spite of this fact be widely known since pre-Colombian times, much doubts still persist about the mechanism by means of which the coastal system is affected by the large scale phenomena. The present work was idealized with the intention of contributing for this knowledge, studying how occurred the changes in the system during recent El Ni~no events, with emphasis on the intraseasonal scale. In this investigation, different methodologies of data analysis were used to identify the nature of the forcing which produced significant oscillations observed during the El Ni~no 1997-1998. Also, it was investigated if these oscillations were remotely forced and propagated along the coast as coastal trapped waves; what were their spatial and propagation properties. The first part of the work consists of an analysis of the temporal variability and the characterization of the low-frequency fluctuations occurred during the El Ni~no events. This analysis uses the wavelet spectrum applied to time series of sea level data collected off southern Equador, Peru and northern Chile. The cross wavelet spectrum and coherence spectrum were used to evaluate the relative importance of local and remote forcing of the sea level, associated with effects of the 1997-1998 El Ni~no. In the second part, the fluctuations remotely forced wer compared with results of simple linear models and with the model of Brink and Chapman (1987), in order to obtain the coastal trapped waves properties during that extraordinary El Ni~no event. One important conclusion of these analyses was the confirmation that the intraseasonal variability observed offo Peru during the 1997-1998 El Ni~no was, in part, the result of remote and local forcing, associated with equatorial waves and the wind effect, respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Doutorado Maria Inez Miguel.pdf: 1466295 bytes, checksum: cab4a04224edf6b54669d1e1fa9d3e99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-25 / This researche concentrates on the teaching and learning of the Poisson s Model, whose questioning refers to the use of the Mathematical Modeling, to the steps to be considered and to the results both in the didactic interaction and in the acquisition achieved and mistakes made by the participating pupils. We considered the hypotheses that pair-work, computer use and practical experiments might favor the development of the didactical situations in order to validate it or not. For that purpose, a teaching sequence was elaborated based on our interpretation of the Mathematic Modeling Process suggested by Henry (1997) and it was applied to a group of University undergraduates students from the second year of the College of Electric Engineering and Computer Science. We adopted the Didactic Engineering as methodology, which allows for the validation of hypotheses through the confrontation between the two analysis, a priori and a posteriori, and favors the realignment of the activities during the process. The theoretical framework was constructed with some elements of Chevallard s praxeology and Godino s ontological-semiotic approach to cognition and mathematic instruction; the first guided the analysis of the didactic books and the elaboration and presentation of the proposed tasks in the intended sequence; the second was the basis for the determination of meaningful elements in Poisson s Model to be considered in the teaching and guide the result analysis, allowing for the identification of the knowledge acquired that were in accordance with the intended institutional guidelines and those that could be considered learning mistakes. This research lead to the conclusion that not only the use of the Mathematic Modeling is favorable for the study carried out but also that it made it possible for all the modeling steps to be interpreted, adapted and considered essential for the purposes to be achieved, emphasizing that the experiment carried out should be carefully chosen to serve as motivation for the target public and, if possible, contemplate interdisciplinary. Among the several significant elements of Poisson s Model taken as reference, many were acquired by the group of participating pupils. However, some difficulties related to the use of the software, to the interpretation of terms such as: at least, at most, etc and to the symbolic representation persisted throughout the whole process. The construction of Poisson s Model as hypotheses about the experiment carried out proved to be a viable and efficient strategy, guaranteeing relative easiness in the application the model in the most varied situations, including those with proximity with the Binomial Model; that result allows for the suggestion of the introduction of the mentioned model in the way it is presented, replacing the classical way, consisting of definition, example and exercises, or even, through the proximity with the Binomial Model. The use of a software proved to be efficient to expedite the representations and to make it easier for the visualization of properties; however, learning to handle the software cannot be simultaneous to learning the target content under the risk of compromising it. Pair work proved that information exchange, enriched and complemented by the backgrounds of the two individuals involved, allowed for the emergence of new questions and guaranteed greater reliability in the execution of the proposed tasks. / Esta tese é centrada no ensino e na aprendizagem do Modelo de Poisson, seu questinamento refere-se ao uso da Modelagem Matemática, das etapas a serem consideradas e dos resultados, tanto na interação didática como nas aquisições e erros dos alunos participantes. As hipóteses de que o trabalho em dupla, o uso do computador e o experimento realizado na prática pudessem favorecer o desenvolvimento do projeto foram admitidas, a fim de serem validadas, ou não. Para tal, uma seqüência de ensino, elaborada com base nas etapas de Modelagem Matemática de Henry, foi aplicada a um grupo de alunos do segundo ano de graduação em Engenharia Elétrica e Ciência da Computação de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. No estudo, a metodologia adotada foi a Engenharia Didática que permite a validação das hipóteses pela confrontação entre as análises a priori e a posteriori e favorece o realinhamento das atividades durante o processo. As bases teóricas foram a praxeologia de Chevallard e o enfoque ontológico-semiótico da cognição e instrução matemática de Godino. A primeira norteou a análise dos livros didáticos, a elaboração e a apresentação das tarefas propostas na seqüência pretendida; a segunda fundamentou a determinação de elementos de significado do Modelo de Poisson para serem considerados no ensino e orientar a análise dos resultados, possibilitando a identificação dos conhecimentos adquiridos que estão conforme a pauta institucional e os que podem ser considerados erros de aprendizagem. A pesquisa permitiu concluir que, não só o uso da Modelagem Matemática é favorável ao estudo realizado, como também todas as etapas de modelagem puderam ser interpretadas, adaptadas e consideradas essenciais, para que os objetivos fossem atingidos, salientando-se que o experimento realizado deve ser cuidadosamente selecionado, a fim de servir de motivação aos sujeitos visados e, se possível, contemplar a interdisciplinaridade. Entre os diversos elementos de significado do Modelo de Poisson tomados como referência, muitos foram adquiridos pelo grupo de alunos participantes, embora algumas dificuldades relacionadas à utilização do aplicativo, à interpretação de termos do tipo: ao menos, no máximo, etc., e à representação simbólica persistiram durante todo o processo. A construção do Modelo de Poisson baseada nas hipóteses citadas sobre o experimento realizado mostrou ser uma estratégia viável e eficiente, garantindo relativa facilidade na aplicação do modelo nas mais variadas situações, inclusive, naquelas de aproximação ao Modelo Binomial. O resultado permite que se sugira a introdução do referido modelo nos moldes apresentados, em lugar do modo clássico com definição, exemplo e exercícios, ou ainda, por meio da aproximação ao Modelo Binomial. O uso de um aplicativo mostrou-se eficiente para agilizar as representações e facilitar a visualização de propriedades; no entanto, a aprendizagem da manipulação do aplicativo não pode concorrer simultaneamente com o estudo do conteúdo pretendido sob pena de comprometê-lo. O trabalho em dupla revelou que as trocas de informações, enriquecidas e complementadas pelas duas formações dos sujeitos envolvidos, permitiram o levantamento de novas questões e maior confiabilidade na realização das tarefas propostas.

Ao largo da costa oeste da Am´erica do Sul o sistema de ressurg^encia costeira apresenta uma excepcional produtividade, um resultado da alta efici^encia do ecossistema biol´ogico em converter a produ¸c~ao prim´aria em biomassa. Esses processos qu´?micobiol ´ogicos s~ao fortemente modulados pelo ambiente f´?sico da regi~ao. Por exemplo, durante eventos do El-Ni~no a produtividade pesqueira ´e fortemente prejudicada em resposta a uma inibi¸c~ao da ressurg^encia costeira. Apesar disso ser um fato j´a bastante conhecido desde ´epocas pr´e-colombianas, muita d´uvida ainda persiste sobre o mecanismo pelo qual o sistema costeiro ´e afetado por esses fen^omenos de grande escala. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de se contribuir com esse conhecimento, estudando como ocorreram as mudan¸cas do sistema durante recentes eventos El Ni~no, principalmente na escala intrasazonal. Nessa investiga¸c~ao foram utilizadas diferentes metodologias de an´alise de dados para identificar a natureza dos for¸cantes de oscila¸c~oes significativas observadas durante o El Ni~no 1997-1998. Tamb´em foi investigado se essas oscila¸c~oes foram for¸cadas remotamente e se propagaram como ondas aprisionadas na costa; quais foram suas propriedades espaciais e sua propaga¸c~ao longo da costa. A primeira parte do trabalho consiste na an´alise da variabilidade temporal e a caracteriza¸c~ao das flutua¸c~oes de baixa freq¨u^encia ocorridas durante eventos El Ni~no. Essa an´alise faz uso do espectro de ondeleta aplicado a s´eries temporais longas de dados do n´?vel do mar de esta¸c~oes costeiras distribu´?das ao longo da costa sul do Equador, costa do Peru e costa norte do Chile. O espectro de ondeleta cruzada e o espectro da coer^encia foram usados para avaliar a import^ancia relativa das for¸cantes remota e local das varia¸c~oes do n´?vel do mar associadas com os efeitos do El Ni~no 1997-1998. Na segunda parte, as flutua¸c~oes for¸cadas remotamente foram comparadas com modelos lineares simples e o modelo de Brink e Chapman (1987) para se obter as propriedades das ondas aprisionadas na costa durante o El Ni~no Extraordin ´ario (1997-1998). Uma importante conclus~ao dessas an´alises foi a constata¸c~ao de que variabilidades intrasazonais ao largo da costa do Peru durante esse El Ni~no foi, em parte significativa, o resultado da atua¸c~ao de for¸cantes remotas e locais, associadas com ondas equatoriais incidindo na Costa Oeste da Am´erica do Sul e com o efeito do vento, respectivamente. / Off the western coast of South America, the coastal upwelling system presents an exceptional productivity, a result of the high efficiency of the biological ecosystem in converting the primary production into biomass. These chemical and biological processes are strongly modulated by the physical environment. For instance, during El Ni~no events the fishery productivity is strongly impaired in response to an inhibition of the coastal upwelling. In spite of this fact be widely known since pre-Colombian times, much doubts still persist about the mechanism by means of which the coastal system is affected by the large scale phenomena. The present work was idealized with the intention of contributing for this knowledge, studying how occurred the changes in the system during recent El Ni~no events, with emphasis on the intraseasonal scale. In this investigation, different methodologies of data analysis were used to identify the nature of the forcing which produced significant oscillations observed during the El Ni~no 1997-1998. Also, it was investigated if these oscillations were remotely forced and propagated along the coast as coastal trapped waves; what were their spatial and propagation properties. The first part of the work consists of an analysis of the temporal variability and the characterization of the low-frequency fluctuations occurred during the El Ni~no events. This analysis uses the wavelet spectrum applied to time series of sea level data collected off southern Equador, Peru and northern Chile. The cross wavelet spectrum and coherence spectrum were used to evaluate the relative importance of local and remote forcing of the sea level, associated with effects of the 1997-1998 El Ni~no. In the second part, the fluctuations remotely forced wer compared with results of simple linear models and with the model of Brink and Chapman (1987), in order to obtain the coastal trapped waves properties during that extraordinary El Ni~no event. One important conclusion of these analyses was the confirmation that the intraseasonal variability observed offo Peru during the 1997-1998 El Ni~no was, in part, the result of remote and local forcing, associated with equatorial waves and the wind effect, respectively.