A series of rapid, high sensitivity capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation systems have been developed for the analysis of biological analytes and systems. A majority of the work has focused on development of novel instrumentation, in which new injection and detection strategies were investigated to improve the sensitivity of fast CE. A novel optical injection interface for capillary zone electrophoresis based upon the photophysical activation of caged dye attached to the target analyte was developed. The primary advantage of this approach is the lower background and background-associated noise resulting from reduced caged-fluorescein emission in conjunction with the high quantum yield of the resulting fluorescein. Improved detection limits were obtained compared to those observed in photobleaching-based optical gating. A primary drawback of photolytic optical gating CE is the lack of available caged-dye analogs with sufficiently fast reaction kinetics for online derivatization. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a chemical derivatization scheme for primary amines that couples the fast kinetic properties of o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) with the photophysical properties of visible, high quantum yield, fluorescent dyes. The feasibility of this approach was evaluated by using an OPA/fluorescent thiol reaction, which was used to monitor neurotransmitter mixtures and proteins. The utilization of a high power ultraviolet light emitting diode for fluorescence detection in CE separations has been introduced to analyze a range of environmentally and biologically important compounds, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons and biogenic amines, such as neurotransmitters, amino acids and proteins, that have been derivatized with UV-excited fluorogenic labels. To understand cellular chemistry, it is imperative that single cells should be studied. This work was focused on developing CE based method to characterize the cellular uptake of TAT-EGFP. We demonstrated TAT mediated delivery of EGFP protein into HeLa cells and TAT-EGFP loaded single cell was analyzed by CE-LIF to determine the intracellular EGFP content. An application of CE-LIF for the determination of biogenic amine levels in the antennal lobes of the Manduca sexta is also explored and methods were developed to analyze a single antennal lobe dissected from moths. The lobe was digested and contents were labeled with the fluorogenic dye prior to CZE analysis.

Bakgrund: När patienter vårdas på sjukhus görs bedömning om förväntade behov efter att patienten är färdigbehandlad i slutenvården och ska gå hem. När behov av insatser i hemmet bedömts för att ge patienten en trygg utskrivning behöver slutenvård, öppenvård och kommun samverka. Distriktssköterskor i öppenvård och kommunal vård deltar i samverkan runt patienten. Samverkan sker för att vårdansvaret ska flyttas över från en part till en annan samt att insatser från socialtjänst ska kunna säkerställas. 2018 kom en ny lag, Samverkanslagen som anger hur samverkan ska genomföras och studien syftar till att undersöka denna process utifrån distriktsköterskans erfarenheter.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva distriktsköterskors erfarenheter av samverkan mellan öppenvård, slutenvård och kommunal vård kring patienter vid utskrivning från slutenvård. Metod: Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ metod och en induktiv ansats. Då avsikten var att undersöka informanters erfarenheter av en företeelse genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med 7 informanter. Materialet som samlats in analyserades därefter med kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att belysa ett manifest innehåll i materialet. Resultat: Distriktssköterskorna identifierade faktorer som avgjorde hur väl samverkan fungerade när en patient ska skrivas ut från slutenvården. Faktorerna kunde delas in i två kategorier. Den första kategorin var faktorer som främjar samverkan som innefattade underkategorierna att samarbeta över verksamhetsgränser, att vidta försiktighetsåtgärdersamt att patienten medverkar. Den andra kategorin var faktorer som försvårar samverkan som innefattade underkategorierna när inte alla professioner tar sitt ansvar, när patienten inte vill medverka samt när covid-pandemin påverkar samverkan.  Slutsats: Distriktssköterskorna ser en positiv utveckling av samverkan över tid. De tillkortakommanden som identifierats i studien tyder på behov att utveckla organisatoriska förutsättningar för samverkande parters möjlighet att ta ansvar i samverkan. Distriktssköterskorna har ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt och verkar för att överbrygga brister som kan ha en negativ effekt på patientsäkerheten / Background: When patients are cared for in hospital, an assessment of expected needs is conducted after the patient has completed treatment in inpatient care and is deemed ready to go home. When the need for interventions in the home has been assessed necessary in order to give the patient a safe discharge, inpatient care, outpatient care, and the municipality need to cooperate so as to achieve the desired outcome. Collaboration takes place so that the responsibility for care is transferred from one party to another and that efforts from social services can be ensured. A new law was passed in 2018, the Collaboration Act, which states how collaboration is to be implemented. This study aims to investigate the process of collaboration between departments based on the district nurse's experiences. Aim: The purpose is to describe district nurses' experiences of collaboration between outpatient care, inpatient care and municipal care for patients upon dischargement from inpatient care.  Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative method and an inductive approach. As the intention was to investigate informants' experiences of a phenomenon, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven informants. The material collected was then analyzed by qualitative content analysis in order to illuminate a manifest content in the material.  Results: The informants in the study identified a number of factors that determine how well the collaboration works when a patient is to be discharged from inpatient care. The factors could be divided into two main categories. The first category, factors promoting collaborationcontained the subcategories to cooperate across organizational boundaries, to take precautionary measures, and that the patient participates. The second category, factors impeding collaboration contained subcategories when not all professions take their responsibility, when the patient does not want to participate and when the Covid pandemic affects collaboration. Conclusion: District nurses see a positive development of collaboration over time. The shortcomings identified in the study indicate the need to improve the organizational conditions for all collaborating parties in order for them to be able to take their responsibility in collaboration. The district nurses work with a person-centered approach and bridge shortcomings that can have a negative effect on patient safety

This thesis deals with the sociological conception of the dropout (Aussteiger) figure in Wilhelm Genazino’s Ein Regenschirm für diesen Tag (2001) and, in terms of the history of ideas, his predecessors in Heinrich von Kleist’s Michael Kohlhaas (1808) and Franz Kafka’s Die Verwandlung (1913). It discusses if and how Genazino’s protagonist represents a new contemporary dropout model, and discusses the extent to which such figures can be read as dropouts, how their individual dropout characteristics are designed and motivated, and which factors connect these central characters to each other. According to Christian Schüle and his “21 Fragmente über die Identität des Aussteigers” no one can better provide a picture of the state of a society than someone who intentionally exits from it. Thus, the essential process of dropping out is described. If someone is dropping out, he is reacting to circumstances; to what extent he reacts is, however, uneven. There is no prototype of a dropout. To grasp this highly complex and little investigated phenomenon, several sociological concepts are employed, such as assimilation, deviant behaviour, alienation, individualism and the aspect of self-realization. Niklas Luhmann’s Protest serves as another theoretical basis for the concept of dropping-out (Aussteigertum). His book focuses on how protesters choose themes that none of society’s systems would recognize as their own and thereby mirror the state of things in the society as they really are. The thesis then shows how the action of all three protagonists can be associated with these sociological concepts and how Genazino’s character in Ein Regenschirm für diesen Tag is related to previous protagonists such as Kohlhaas and Samsa. Kleist’s “gebrechliche Einrichtung der Welt” becomes the alienated world of Gregor Samsa and turns into Genazino’s “Gesamtmerkwürdigkeit des Lebens” in which melancholia and succussion bring the protagonist near to failing. The experimental setting all three authors use brings to mind the philosophical stream of Existentialism, on which they all seem to verge. Under societal pressure, all three figures begin to protest against their related situations in different ways. Because of having to submit himself to the exigencies of the society, Genazino’s protagonist feels as if he has to degenerate. To escape from these feelings he continuously walks physically through his environment and at the same time applies a philosophy of sight: as a reflective observer in the river of everyday life, as a swimmer against the tide of boredom, he drops out of society in his own way, different from the way Kohlhaas and Samsa did, but still related to them.

This thesis deals with the sociological conception of the dropout (Aussteiger) figure in Wilhelm Genazino’s Ein Regenschirm für diesen Tag (2001) and, in terms of the history of ideas, his predecessors in Heinrich von Kleist’s Michael Kohlhaas (1808) and Franz Kafka’s Die Verwandlung (1913). It discusses if and how Genazino’s protagonist represents a new contemporary dropout model, and discusses the extent to which such figures can be read as dropouts, how their individual dropout characteristics are designed and motivated, and which factors connect these central characters to each other. According to Christian Schüle and his “21 Fragmente über die Identität des Aussteigers” no one can better provide a picture of the state of a society than someone who intentionally exits from it. Thus, the essential process of dropping out is described. If someone is dropping out, he is reacting to circumstances; to what extent he reacts is, however, uneven. There is no prototype of a dropout. To grasp this highly complex and little investigated phenomenon, several sociological concepts are employed, such as assimilation, deviant behaviour, alienation, individualism and the aspect of self-realization. Niklas Luhmann’s Protest serves as another theoretical basis for the concept of dropping-out (Aussteigertum). His book focuses on how protesters choose themes that none of society’s systems would recognize as their own and thereby mirror the state of things in the society as they really are. The thesis then shows how the action of all three protagonists can be associated with these sociological concepts and how Genazino’s character in Ein Regenschirm für diesen Tag is related to previous protagonists such as Kohlhaas and Samsa. Kleist’s “gebrechliche Einrichtung der Welt” becomes the alienated world of Gregor Samsa and turns into Genazino’s “Gesamtmerkwürdigkeit des Lebens” in which melancholia and succussion bring the protagonist near to failing. The experimental setting all three authors use brings to mind the philosophical stream of Existentialism, on which they all seem to verge. Under societal pressure, all three figures begin to protest against their related situations in different ways. Because of having to submit himself to the exigencies of the society, Genazino’s protagonist feels as if he has to degenerate. To escape from these feelings he continuously walks physically through his environment and at the same time applies a philosophy of sight: as a reflective observer in the river of everyday life, as a swimmer against the tide of boredom, he drops out of society in his own way, different from the way Kohlhaas and Samsa did, but still related to them.

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