Se ha estudiado la influencia del grado de maduración de la uva y de las técnicas de elaboración en el color de vinos de Monastrell, con objeto de establecer una base sólida para obtener vinos de alta calidad: crianza, reserva y gran reserva. Para ello, se ha realizado un control de la uva desde el envero hasta sobremaduración, así como de vinificaciones con uva de diferente grado de madurez; con aplicación de dos enzimas comerciales (Lallzyme y Rapidase Excolor); dos taninos enológicos (Gallotanin B, tanino hidrolizable y Galotanin R, tanino condensado); tres levaduras comerciales (Fermirouge, Fermicrú VR5 y Rhône 2323); tres tiempos de maceración (15, 25 y 35 días) y dos sangrados parciales del mosto (7.5 y 15 %).Los resultados obtenidos muestran que es necesaria una ligera sobremaduración en la uva, para obtener vinos de alta intensidad de color. Con aplicación de Rapidase Excolor, el vino muestra una mayor estabilidad de color, aunque su efecto se ve reducido al aumentar el grado de maduración de la uva. La adición de taninos enológicos da lugar a vinos con menor intensidad de color y mayor tono que el vino testigo cuando la uva de partida es pobre en antocianos; en cambio, con uva con 14 ºBe y rica en antocianos, la adición de estos compuestos y principalmente el tanino condensado da lugar a vinos con mejores características cromáticas y organolépticas. Con la utilización de Rhône 2323 como levadura de fermentación, se consiguen vinos con mejores características de color y estabilidad. Maceraciones de 15 días son suficientes para conseguir una extracción máxima y equilibrada de compuestos fenólicos y antocianos y también para conseguir una buena estabilidad del color. La aplicación de sangrados parciales antes de fermentación puede ser una práctica aconsejable para mejorar el color de los vinos de Monastrell, aunque la extensión del tratamiento debe ser decidido en función de las características de la uva de partida. Así, el sangrado deberá ser mayor cuando la uva de partida sea pobre en antocianos y menor cuando la uva sea rica en ellos, salvo si empleamos alguna forma de estabilizar estos compuestos (adición de tanino enológico). / The influence of the ripening degree of the grape and the effect of different enological techniques on Monastrell wines color have been studied, with the objective of establishing a solid base to obtain high quality wines (vintage wine). For this reason, a study of the grapes during the maturation period has been made and vinifications with grapes of different ripening degree; together with the application of two commercial enzymes (Lallzyme and Rapidase Excolor); two enological tannins (Gallotanin B, hidrolizable tannin and Galotanin R, condensed tannin); three commercial yeasts (Fermirouge, Fermicrú VR5 and Rhône 2323); three times of maceration (15, 25 and 35 days) and two parcial running-off of must before fermentation (7,5 and 15 %) have been followed to determine the effect of the different enological practices in wine color and its stability.The results obtained show that is necessary a slight overmaturation in the grape to obtain wines with high color intensity. With the application of Rapidase Excolor enzyme, the wines show a more stable color, although its effect is reduced when increasing degree of maturation of the grapes. The addition of enological tannins gives wines with less color intensity and higher tint than the control wine when the grape is poor in anthocyanins, however, with grapes with 14 ºBe and rich in anthocyanins, the addition of these compounds and especially the condensed tannins gives wines with better chromatic and sensorial characteristics than control wines. When the yeast Rhône 2323 was used, the wines show high color and stability. A maceration time of 15 days is enough to obtain a maximum and balanced extraction of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins and also to obtain a good color stability. The application of parcial running-off of the must before fermentation can be promising practice to improve the Monastrell wines color, although the extent of the treatment must be decided on the basis of the characteristics of the grape. Thus, the porcentaje of running-off should be greater when grapes are poor in anthocyanins and smaller when the grapes are rich in them, except if we used some practce to stabilize these compounds (addition enological tannins).

La variedad Malbec (Vitis vinifera L.) es considerada el cultivar tinto emblemático de Argentina, sin embargo a pesar de su importancia económica y cultural existe un gran desconocimiento sobre su composición química. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la composición fenólica de uvas y vinos de esta variedad en relación a otros cultivares, al origen geográfico, a ciertos manejos vitivinícolas y a su valor comercial. Entre los resultados más relevantes, se observaron diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas en los parámetros globales y en el perfil de flavonoides y no-flavonoides en uvas y vinos en comparación con otras variedades tintas, se confirmó la influencia de la región de procedencia y año de cosecha en combinación con las prácticas de aclareo de racimos y sangrado parcial de jugo, y se encontró una mayor riqueza fenólica y polisacarídica en vinos de alta gama. Adicionalmente, los dihidroflavonoles representaron un rasgo taxonómico distintivo de esta variedad. / Malbec (Vitis vinifera L.) is a wine grape variety considered to be the emblematic red cultivar of Argentina, but despite its economic and cultural importance there is a lack of knowledge about its chemical composition. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenolic composition of grapes and wines of this variety compared to other cultivars, geographical origin, some viticultural and winemaking practices, and its commercial value. Among the most relevant results, were observed qualitative and quantitative differences in global phenolic parameters and the profile of flavonoids and non-flavonoids in grapes and wines compared to other varieties, it was confirmed the influence of geographical zone and season in combination with the practices of cluster thinning and partial juice runoff prior to fermentation, and it found a greater phenolic and polysaccharidic richness in premium wines. Additionally, dihydroflavonols represented a taxonomic distinctive feature of this variety.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucimeire Ferrari Dotto.pdf: 567606 bytes, checksum: 961940454fbe5ee02ef74627150da65e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-08 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The dissertation has as object of study the building of one of the key characters in the novel O Coronel Sangrado (1877) by the paraense writer Inglês de Sousa. It deals about Miguel Faria, a character who occupies a central place in this narrative, seen under a clear contrast established between matutice and civility, having as scenario the Amazon region. The analysis demonstrated, at first, through the relationship between the character and the city context (Belém; Óbidos) and the countryside (Paranameri), that she wore a social civilized mask, although she still kept her wild, rough nature, in order to survive in a society ruled by the duality between truth and disguise. Later, however, the analysis focused on the way the narrator s speech inscribes that of the character, under the Bakhtinian conception of novel as a quoted speech, revealed a character who, despite being built with a certain degree of dialogy thanks to the partnership with the narrative point of view through free indirect speech, ends up being conducted by the narrative voice, both acting as a refraction of authorial intention marked by the regional realistic obliquity. The result is a novel structured around two characters Miguel Faria and the one who gives title to the novel: the colonel Sangrado materializing the critical ideological standpoint of Inglês de Sousa about a region such as the Amazon dominated, on the one hand, by the power of colonelism and, on the other hand, by the idilic and exotic image of its wild nature / A dissertação tem por objeto de estudo a construção da personagem Miguel Faria considerada como uma das personagens-chave do romance O Coronel Sangrado (1877) do escritor paraense Inglês de Sousa, estudada à luz do contraste estabelecido entre a matutice e a civilidade, tendo como cenário a região amazônica. A análise demonstrou, num primeiro momento, por meio da relação da personagem com o contexto da cidade (Belém/Óbidos) e do campo (Paranameri), que Miguel vestiu uma máscara social de civilizado, embora mantivesse, ainda, a sua natureza selvagem de matuto, para sobreviver numa sociedade pautada pela dualidade entre o ser e o parecer. Numa segunda etapa, porém, o estudo sobre o modo como o discurso do narrador inscreve o da personagem, sob a ótica da concepção bakhtiniana de romance como discurso citado, revelou uma personagem que, apesar de construída com certo grau de dialogia, graças à parceria com o ponto de vista narrativo por meio do discurso indireto livre, acaba sendo conduzida pela voz narrativa, atuando ambas como formas de refração da ideologia autoral marcada pelo viés regional realista. O resultado é um romance estruturado sobre duas personagens, Miguel Faria e aquela que dá título ao romance: o coronel Sangrado, materializando o posicionamento crítico-ideológico de Inglês de Sousa sobre uma região como a amazônica dominada, por um lado, pelo poder do coronelismo e; por outro, pela imagem idílica e exótica de sua natureza selvagem

El elevado riesgo tromboembólico y hemorrágico en la fibrilación auricular (FA) es altamente heterogéneo y condiciona la morbi-mortalidad de la FA. La anticoagulación oral previene eventos trombóticos y mortalidad, pero conlleva ciertos riesgos. Por ello, los pacientes son estratificados según escalas de riesgo, que se intentan refinar adicionando otros marcadores. Para evaluar su utilidad pronóstica, puntuamos según las escalas CHA2DS2-VASc y HAS-BLED a pacientes consecutivos, anticoagulados de forma estable. Además determinamos los títulos de troponina T (hsTnT) e interleukina 6 ultrasensibles (hsIL6), y el índice tobillo brazo (ITB). La escala CHA2DS2-VASc predice eventos cardiovasculares y mortalidad; la escala HAS-BLED no solo es útil en la valoración del riesgo hemorrágico sino que también muestra valor predictivo de eventos cardiovasculares y mortalidad. Los valores de hsTnT y los de hsIL6 añaden información pronóstica, mejorando el índice de discriminación integrado de ambas escalas. El ITB resultó predictor de eventos trombóticos y hemorrágicos / The high thrombotic risk determines the atrial fibrillation morbi-mortality. Oral anticoagulation results in stroke and mortality prevention, at the expense of bleeding-related risk. These risks are highly heterogeneous, reason why patients are stratified according to risk scores, refined by specific biomarkers. In order to evaluate their prognostic value, we recruited consecutive patients, steady on oral anticoagulation, in whom CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were calculated. In addition levels of high sensitivity troponin T and interleukin 6 (hsTnT and hsIL6 respectively) were determined, and the ankle brachial index (ABI) measured. The CHA2DS2-VASc score predicts cardiovascular events and mortality; HAS-BLED score is not only useful to assess bleeding risk but also shows predictive value for cardiovascular events and mortality. In addition levels of both hsTnT and hsIL6 provided prognostic information, improving the integrated discrimination index of both scores. Abnormal ABI was an independent predictor for all-cause mortality and major bleeding.