The thesis deals with creating and verifying of a set of compensatory excercises for children of younger school-age devoted to modern gymnastics. The experiment ran with two gymnastic groups from Prachatice and Volary. Every girl underwent an examination of hyperlordosis degree and a muscle strength and stretch level. Finally, it was proved that these girls suffer from hyperlordosis indeed. Therefore a set of excercises had been created and later applied on the girl gymnasts. Five months later the second measuring was realised and proved that the experiment was a success.

The Diploma Thesis is focused on the nutritional habits of the pupils of the selected primary schools in Třebíč. The nutritional habits and correct diet in children is very important and can be influenced easily. The children are influenced by the family, school, friends and environment they live in, also by the advertisements, especially on TV and the Internet. Correct diet is the one which provides the human organism with the regular and sufficient supply of energy and food. They play a significant role in the healthy growth and development of the organism. Therefore, they are instrumental to keep the condition in the whole life. The diet should be varied and regular. The theoretical part is aimed at delimitation of the characteristics of the school age, description of particular components of the food, importance of drinking routine and the risk of dehydration. Consequently, it describes suitable and unsuitable drinks for children, diet in children and teenagers and related keeping to the regular eating routine and suitability of certain food, principles of the correct diets and food pyramid. The theoretical part pays attention to the kinetic activities, overweight and obesity in children. The practical part brings the results of the research focused on the above issue. The Thesis was elaborated in a quantitative method {--} in the form of questionnaires. The questionnaires were handed round in four primary schools in Třebíč, namely to the eight-class pupils. The monitored set was made up of 208 respondents; 101 girls and 107 boys. In this part, 2 goals and 3 hypotheses were set. The first goal of the Diploma Thesis was to ascertain the diet habits in the second stage of the selected primary schools in Třebíč. The second goal was to record the Body Mass Index of the chosen group of pupils. Hypothesis 1: Eight-class pupils eat insufficient quantity of fruit and vegetables. Hypothesis 1: Eight-class pupils do not keep the drinking routine. Hypothesis 3: Pupils do not have breakfast. Both goals were fulfilled. Hypothesis 1 was rebutted as for fruit consuming. The bulk of the pupils eat fruit every day, in total number of 130 pupils. The second part of the hypothesis was vindicated. The pupils{\crq} board includes vegetables in minimum cases. Only 79 pupils eat vegetables every day. Hypothesis 2 was rebutted. The majority of the informants drink 2 litres of liquids or more. The drinking routine is kept by 135 interviewed pupils. Hypothesis 3 was vindicated. The pupils do not include breakfast in their meals. There are only 93 children who have breakfast regularly. The findings of the Thesis will be offered to schools in question and the interviewed pupils{\crq} parents.

This diploma work deals with the topic of Picture of God in Younger-school-age Children in the Church of the Brethen. It is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. Theoretical one tries to describe above all religious development of children at the age of 6 till 12 years and also various religious-pedagogical theories of the development of the picture of God. Diploma work is also focused on the picture of God in the doctrine of the Brethen Church. In the practical part, this work offers a closer look at the picture of God in the Younger-school-age Children of two selected congregations of the Brethen Church in towns of Prague and of České Budějovice. This research tell us interesting facts about the religious education of children of that both congregations.

In my diploma thesis, I have focused on relation concerning the weight of school bags and poor posture among the population of school children. The aim of my thesis was to chart the weight of school bags at the first grade of primary school in the region of České Budějovice and Český Krumlov in relation to overloading the children?s locomotive system. A partial objective of this research was charting the content of these school bags. In my diploma thesis, I have described the locomotive system, the function of its parts and I have further analysed the development of the locomotive apparatus in each term of child?s growth organism with the emphasis on term of the younger school age. In this thesis, I have described the right posture and the most common deviations of posture from a physiological point of view. I have considered the risk factors that lead to the rise of poor posture and basic diagnostic tests, which are connected to this issue. Part of my thesis has been dedicated to the inappropriate load of younger school age children in school and the ways that this can be avoided. I have also summarised the issue of school bags. I have described how should the right kind of school bag should look like and what is required by the Czech technical norm. An additional issue I have mentioned in my thesis was the content of these school bags. In the last unit of the theoretical part of my work, I have done some research regarding the moving regimen of children in school and the ways of avoiding rising muscle imbalance. For the researching part, I have used a method of objective measuring and weighing of pupils and their school bags in each class of the first grade of those chosen schools supplemented by the information from a questionnaire given to the parents of these children. The results were processed by means of Microsoft Excel. This research has confirmed two out of four of these hypotheses; the other two were disproved. According to the data from this research, it is possible to confirm that the children were overloaded by their school bags in all classes of the first grade of primary schools, where the research was held and this fact confirms the first hypothesis. Other confirmed hypothesis was the fact that children are not allowed to keep their school supplies in their respective schools. More than half of parents answered that their children have to carry their school equipment with them every day. A positive finding was that children prepare their school bags every day with some help of their parents. Parents sometimes prepare the bags themselves or at least they check a content of the bag. This fact disproved one of the hypotheses. The last hypothesis assumed that parents don?t know about any risks connected to overloaded school bags. This hypothesis was also disproved. The parents of these children were able to state at least one of possible risks in most of cases.

The diploma work is concentrated on colours and how primary children perceive them. The theoretical part of this work deals with colour from the view of physics, optics and physiology. The theory of colours also partly touches on history and culture, and - more extensively - on psychological meaning of colours. It is followed by findings in the development of using colours in art expression of children and existing research on preferences of colours. The research part of this work is concentrated on primary children´s preferences of colours and on their differences in relation to age and gender.

The diploma thesis deals with development of lower elementary school children human figure in motion drawing. The theoretical part of the thesis aims to summarize findings of developmental psychology, it especially describes development of younger school age children during particular stages of development, and further it provides information about child?s artistic expression and its development stages. The practical part of the thesis shows research results of human figure drawings of children from the 1st to the 5th grade. Furthermore, child?s ability to capture the figure in motion is observed and development of this capture is compared. Results were assessed according to criteria determined in advance, and subsequently analyzed.

Dentro de cada ser há um “relógio” interno que regula os ciclos diários da alimentação, sono, vigília, e até mesmo humor. É assim que ocorre: quando sentimos fome devemos comer e quando sentimos sono devemos dormir. As atividades diárias, a imposição de um horário, seja de trabalho ou escolar, afetam de maneira distinta cada pessoa, sendo que para algumas estas determinações atendem em “cheio” a suas preferências e para outras exigem um enorme esforço; muitas vezes, essa adaptação é impossível. Assim sendo, há horas do dia em que cada aluno está mais disposto a fazer determinadas tarefas, como as escolares entre outras. Neste contexto, identificaram-se os grupos de alunos quanto à alocação do ciclo vigília/sono: estudo de suas características e de suas relações com o processo de ensino aprendizagem, validando a Escala Matutino/Vespertino (que resultou no primeiro artigo citado nessa tese). Validada a Escala, o principal objetivo desta tese é relacionar os grupos de alunos de ambos os cronotipos (matutino/vespertino) com o turno escolar e o rendimento escolar, assim como algumas atividades que gosta de realizar fora da sala de aula, com alunos de uma escola pública de Ensino Médio e com alunos de cinco escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental do Município de Farroupilha/RS. Observando que os resultados apresentados do Ensino Médio e Fundamental não foram os mesmos, foi analisado ao longo das idades da amostra, dos 11 aos 17 anos, foram relacionadas às variáveis: idade, cronotipo (matutino/vespertino), turno escolar, rendimento escolar e a taxa de reprovação. Os resultados levaram a conclusão que alunos matutinos do Ensino Fundamental (dos 11 aos 14 anos de idade) apresentam significativamente um rendimento escolar superior aos demais grupos de alunos no turno da manhã, consequentemente, menor taxa de reprovação. No Ensino Médio (15 aos 17 anos de idade) o grupo que apresentou rendimento significativamente superior aos demais grupos foi o dos alunos matutinos que estudam no turno da tarde. Os resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão entre o ritmo biológico/rendimento escolar/turno escolar em distintos níveis escolares e desta forma ajudar pais, escolas e políticas educacionais no sentido de aprimorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O relato de caso aqui apresentado sugere uma interferência do ritmo circadiano no rendimento escolar. Entretanto, estudos com amostragens maiores e mais diversificados são necessários para propor este parâmetro como integrante de políticas públicas a serem adotadas evitando o efeito negativo do ciclo vigília/sono individual sobre o rendimento escolar. / Within each one there is a "clock" that regulates the internal dailycycles of eating, sleeping, waking, and even humor. So it happens: when we feel hungry we eat and when we feel sleepy we sleep. The daily activities, the setting of a time, affects each person differently, whether at work or school, and to some person these determinations is"perfect" to their preferences, and others determinations requires ahuge effort, and often, this adaptation is impossible. Thus, there are times of day that each student is more willing to do certain tasks, such as homework and others. In this context, we identified groups ofstudents by the allocation of the sleep / wake cycle, by studying their characteristics and their relationships with the teaching and learning process and validating the scale Morning / Evening, which resulted inthe first article of this thesis. With the validated scale, the main objective of this thesis is to associate groups of students from both chronotype (morning/afternoon) with school hours and school performance, at first with students from a public high school and later with students from five public schools in elementary school, in thecity of Farroupilha- RS. Noting that the results of the elementary school and high school were not the same, we analyzed the influence of the age of students: from 11 to 17 years. Related variables were: age, chronotype (morning / afternoon), school hours, school performance andfailure rate. The results showed that morning of elementary school students (from 11 to 14 years old) had a significantly higheracademic achievement to other groups of students on the morning shiftand a lower failure rate. In high school (15 to 17 years old), the morning group studying in the afternoon showed significantly higher yield than the other students. With this information, the schools, parents and the Departments of Education might rethink the best school hours to attend school and get better returns. Even the case report presented here suggest a circadian rhythm interference with school performance studies with a larger with sample is needed to indicate it as public politics to be adopted to avoid the negative effect of the sleep / wake cycle on individual school performance.

Orientador: Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:45:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Telles_RenatoKatchadur_M.pdf: 649348 bytes, checksum: 8277622e5d62f8c9e7399060ecf4833c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Introdução: Não existe consenso acerca de um critério diagnóstico universal para sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças. Pela simplicidade de obtenção e aplicabilidade o índice de massa corporal (IMC) vem sendo tema de diversos estudos visando seu uso para estes diagnósticos em pediatria. Objetivo: Determinar a sensibilidade e a especificidade de três critérios diagnósticos de sobrepeso e de obesidade que utilizam o IMC em escolares. Material e Método: Foram analisadas 1595 crianças com idade entre 6,93 a 10,94 anos. Todas foram submetidas às medidas de peso e de estatura. A composição corporal dos avaliados foi obtida por meio da bioimpedância do hemicorpo inferior. Foram avaliadas as medidas da sensibilidade e da especificidade de três critérios diagnósticos de sobrepeso e de obesidade que usam o IMC (MUST, DALLAL e DIETZ-1991; COLE et al-2000; CDC-2000). Para a determinação dos valores de corte diagnóstico de sobrepeso/obesidade foi utilizada a curva ROC. Resultados: A sensibilidade dos três métodos diagnósticos de sobrepeso em meninas e meninos variou de 79,34 a 82,64 e de 91,30 a 97,39 respectivamente, enquanto que a especificidade para este diagnóstico variou entre 95,05 e 96,78 nas meninas e 87,50 a 96,43 nos meninos. A variação da sensibilidade para o diagnóstico de obesidade foi de 27,38 a 51,85 nas meninas e de 51,22 a 78,67 nos meninos enquanto que a especificidade para este diagnóstico foi de 98,41 a 100 para as meninas e de 97,44 a 100 para os meninos. Conclusão: Os três métodos diagnósticos avaliados apresentaram boa sensibilidade para classificar sobrepeso; baixa sensibilidade para diagnosticar obesidade; alta especificidade para o diagnóstico de sobrepeso/obesidade. O ponto de corte do índice de massa corporal igual ou maior que 18,50 para as meninas e igual ou maior que 20,00 para os meninos implica em melhora na sensibilidade sem perder qualidade na especificidade deste método em diagnosticar obesidade nos escolares / Abstract: Introduction: There is no consensus for the universal criteria of overweight and obesity diagnosis in children. Due to its simplicity and applicability, the body mass index (BMI) has been the object of several studies aiming at its diagnostic use in pediatrics.Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of three diagnostic criteria of overweight and obesity that use the BMI method in school children.Material and Method: A total of 1595 school children with ages ranging from 6,93 to 10,94 was analyzed. All children had their weight and their height measured. The body composition of the subjects was obtained by means of leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis. Measurements of sensitivity and specificity of the three diagnostic criteria of overweight and obesity that apply to BMI were assessed (MUST, DALLAL e DIETZ-1991; COLE et al-2000; CDC-2000). To determine the cut-off values for the overweight/obesity, the ROC curve was used. Results: The sensitivity of the three diagnostic methods for determining overweight in girls and boys varied from 79.34 to 82.64 and from 91.30 to 97.39 respectively, while the specificity for this diagnosis varied from 95.05 to 96.78 for the girls and 87.50 to 96.43 for the boys. The sensitivity of variation for the obesity diagnosis was from 27.38 to 51.85 for the girls and for 51.22 to 78.67 for the boys, while the specificity for this diagnosis was from 98.41 to 100 for the girls and from 97.44 to 100 for the boys. Conclusion: The three evaluated methods of diagnosis presented good sensitivity to classify overweight, low sensitivity to diagnose obesity, high specificity for the diagnosis of overweight/obesity. The cut-off point for the body mass index equal or higher than 18.50 for the girls and equal or higher than 20.00 for the boys implies better sensitivity without losing quality in the specificity of this method to diagnose obesity in schoolchildren / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

The thesis focuses on the prevention and correction of arch defects of the foot in children during their first grade of elementary school. In this paper, we analyze whether it is possible within the school curriculum to contribute to the prevention and recovery of students through an exercise program and to include this in the curriculum. We offer a variety of aids that are useful for the program. The aim of the experiment is to assess the extent of those defects in children and the effects of the exercises on the foot. The contribution of the exercise program on the arch of the foot evaluated using plantography before and after the intervention, interviews with pedagogues, questioning of the pupils and their legal representatives. A part of the work is methodical set of exercises, which are useful for daily exercise. The research group consists of 28 students from the second grade of elementary school. After completing the training program, the incidences of children with malformation of the foot arch decreased by 3.6%. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The aim of this dissertation is to find out the level of motoric abilities at younger school age children who take part in social dance. I tested the level of motoric abilities using the test battery Unifittest (6 - 60). I compared the level of motoric abilities at younger school age children who take part in social dance and at younger school age children who only attend PE lessons. I tried to find out the change of the level in motoric abilities at the two above mentioned groups. I also tried to discover the type and frequency of other sport activities which children regularly do in their free time. Empirically focused part of my thesis substantiate that children of the younger school age, who take part in social dance, achieved a bigger improvement of fitness and coordinative motoric abilities. The biggest improvement was in the test of flexibility. On the basis of the questionnaire survey I found out, that children of the younger school age who do not take part in social dance, very often devote to football in their leisure. KEYWORDS younger school age, motoric abilities, social dance, PE, Unifittest (6 - 60)