This work is adicted to observation of younger school age girls posture. Respondents are divided anto two groups. One group consists of girls who are practising sport´s gymnastic and the other group are girls practising different or any sports. Disparity of these two groups is examined by means of a questionnaire In the theoretical part there are all information and continuity which are important for this subject, questions concerning gymnastic exercises respectively sports gymnastics. Such as physiological aspects burden for girls of younger school age, the function of the locomotive system, and the area kinesiology, such as muscle imbalance, muscle balance and upright body position. With respect to the topic, in this thesis also mentions of ontogenetic development of girls and also health education, especially lifestyle.Further the work aspires of the keywords clarificationof the whole research. In the practocal part there are evaluated the before mentioned, further the discussion and the overal results of the research. Where he was found positive influence of gymnastic exercise on posture in girls of younger school age.

This thesis focuses on specific work of primary school teachers that is related to children with the symptoms of ADHD. The theoretical part describes primary school system, young school age children from the perspective of development psychology, further it deals with ADHD in terms of terminology, occurrence, origins of this disorder and description of symptoms ADHD. The practical part of this thesis contains interviews with teachers which encountered children with ADHD during their working experience.It analyses ways of pedagogic work with this disorder in primary schools.

This thesis is named Problems of school maturity (with respect to graphic abilities). It is divided into two parts. The theoretical part defines the concept of pre-school age and of school maturity, it deals with possible reasons for school immaturiry and their improvement. Special attention is given to drawing in connection with school maturity. The practical part derives from judgement of school maturity on the base of graphic abilities. The typical signs and possible differences between boys' and girls' graphic abilities are viewed.

Disease is a very burdensome and unfavorable situation for every person in his life, which, in some cases is connected with necessary hospitalization. Althought there is an attept at hospitalizing individuals only for necessary time, there are still situations where this period of hospital stay is very long for some patients. Particularly child patients who does not fully understand why he can not be at home in his environment with his closest ones. The aim of all healthcare professionals is to provide hospitalized children with an environment that would eliminate negative psychological and physical manifestations in connection with their involuntary stay in the hospital. Nowadays, however, many other professions are involved in the care of hospitalized children than they did before. The aim of the research was to identify pre-emptive measures of preventing hospitalism manifestation of pre-school children used by selected childrens departments. We also found out how these measures are for doctors, nurses, hospitalized children and their parents. Theoretical part of diploma thesis is prepared on the base of professional sources. A qualitative method was chosen for the empirical part, using semi-structured interwievs with doctors, nurses, pre-school aged hospitalized children and their mothers. The interwievs were conducted in February and March 2017 at two childrens departments of hospitals in the South Bohemian and Moravian-Silesian regions. The obtained data were then analyzed by the open encoding method. The analysis procedure was divided into three individual phases. In the first phase interwievs with medical staff were prepared. In the second phase, data from mothers were analyzed. The third phase consist of a detailed analysis of interviews with children. From the results of the research survey, it is obvious, that elimination of the negative cosequences of the pre-school children hospitalization is done mainly by fulfillment of the Charter of Children's Rights in the Hospital. The main focus is on the lenght of hospitalization, the elimination of unnecessary healing and nursing procedures and, last but not least, the creation of conditions for joint hospitalization with the parents, who then become more active participants in the entire healing process. Parents are provided with enough information, they can do basic nursing care, and, most importantly, as they are all the time with the children, they may be sure that children gets the best care. At the same time, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, gets time that they need not only for their professional activities, but also for children who are hospitalized without their parents. Nurses and doctors can wear colorful uniforms, which certainly have a major effect on appropriate child adaptation and can relieve their anxiety. Kiwanis dolls are being used for examination. They may also serve as a mean of healing and nursing procedures demonstration. Kiwanis dolls, accompanying pre-school child during his hospitalization, also serve for demonstration of feelings or as a mean of creative activity or a game. The analysis of the research results shows that teachers, volunteers, and various organizations have also been involved in the care of hospitalized children in the children departments, which brings many ideas, possibilities and projects. This effective and well coordinated cooperation can be of great importance in the care of hospitalized children, moreover it can also make a major contribution to the quality of nursing care in pediatrics. By taking part in department, they create space for the healthcare professionals, who will gain time for their professional work. They also participate in the humanization of department. At the same time, they create programs for children and parrents that will make their time spent in the hospital more pleasant and allow them to forget of their stay in the hospital.

Orientador: José Luiz Guimarães / Banca: Regina de Cássia Rondina / Banca: Raul Aragão Martins / Resumo: Na sociedade atual o consumo abusivo de drogas psicoativas tornou-se motivo de constante preocupação por causar problemas sociais, associados ao tráfico, violência, criminalidade e à saúde do indivíduo usuário. As pesquisas epidemiológicas apontam que o início do consumo de drogas começa no final da infância e inicio da adolescência. O ambiente escolar que é o ponto de encontro por excelência desta faixa etária, torna-se, dessa forma, o local ideal para a realização de atividades preventivas e para promover a educação para a saúde e a qualidade de vida. Visando contribuir para a ampliação do conhecimento qualitativo em relação a uma questão tão proeminente em nossa sociedade, foram analisadas a percepção que professores e alunos têm da questão e a melhor forma de tratá-la na escola. Os participantes são alunos de 12 a 16 anos de ambos os sexos e de diferentes turmas do ensino fundamental e 8 dos seus professores, todos de uma escola pública, de ensino fundamental e médio da cidade de Assis-SP. Os adolescentes foram divididos em 6 grupos focais de 8 membros cada, 3 grupos do sexo masculino e 3 feminino, com os quais utilizou-se a técnica do grupo focal e questionários, para a coleta dos dados. Com os professores, foram usadas entrevistas semidirigidas e questionários. Para analisar os resultados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se uma carência de conhecimento por parte dos professores em relação às drogas e suas características, como conseqüência uma declarada dificuldade para lidar com alunos, por eles identificados como usuários, que despertam... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the current society the excessive psychoactive drug use has become a reason for a constant worrying by causing social problems which are associated to the drug trafficking, violence, criminality and to the drug user health. The epidemiological researches show that the beginning of drug use starts at the end of childhood and in the beginning of adolescence. The school environment that is the meeting place of this age group becomes the ideal local for preventive activities and to organise the education for health and for the quality of life. With the aim to help the qualitative knowledge enlargement in relation to a very much important question in our society it was analysed the perception that the teachers and the students have about the question and the best way to deal with it at the school. The students who took part were from 12 to 16 years old from both sexes and from different classes of middle school, and 8 teachers who teach them. Everyone belong to a public school which was chosen randomly and is situated in the city of Assis-SP-Brazil. The school-age adolescents were divided into 6 focal groups with 8 members each, where 3 groups were male sex and 3 female. To the teachers were applied semi-managed interviews and to the students the focus group technique and questionnaries. In order to analyse the results it was used the content anlysis. It was verified a lack of knowledge by the teachers in relation to the drugs and its characteristics , and on the other hand a great difficulty in dealing with students when the teachers had noticed a student was a drug user and in its turn can arouse different feelings as fear and apprehension. On the other hand... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Dentro de cada ser há um “relógio” interno que regula os ciclos diários da alimentação, sono, vigília, e até mesmo humor. É assim que ocorre: quando sentimos fome devemos comer e quando sentimos sono devemos dormir. As atividades diárias, a imposição de um horário, seja de trabalho ou escolar, afetam de maneira distinta cada pessoa, sendo que para algumas estas determinações atendem em “cheio” a suas preferências e para outras exigem um enorme esforço; muitas vezes, essa adaptação é impossível. Assim sendo, há horas do dia em que cada aluno está mais disposto a fazer determinadas tarefas, como as escolares entre outras. Neste contexto, identificaram-se os grupos de alunos quanto à alocação do ciclo vigília/sono: estudo de suas características e de suas relações com o processo de ensino aprendizagem, validando a Escala Matutino/Vespertino (que resultou no primeiro artigo citado nessa tese). Validada a Escala, o principal objetivo desta tese é relacionar os grupos de alunos de ambos os cronotipos (matutino/vespertino) com o turno escolar e o rendimento escolar, assim como algumas atividades que gosta de realizar fora da sala de aula, com alunos de uma escola pública de Ensino Médio e com alunos de cinco escolas públicas de Ensino Fundamental do Município de Farroupilha/RS. Observando que os resultados apresentados do Ensino Médio e Fundamental não foram os mesmos, foi analisado ao longo das idades da amostra, dos 11 aos 17 anos, foram relacionadas às variáveis: idade, cronotipo (matutino/vespertino), turno escolar, rendimento escolar e a taxa de reprovação. Os resultados levaram a conclusão que alunos matutinos do Ensino Fundamental (dos 11 aos 14 anos de idade) apresentam significativamente um rendimento escolar superior aos demais grupos de alunos no turno da manhã, consequentemente, menor taxa de reprovação. No Ensino Médio (15 aos 17 anos de idade) o grupo que apresentou rendimento significativamente superior aos demais grupos foi o dos alunos matutinos que estudam no turno da tarde. Os resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão entre o ritmo biológico/rendimento escolar/turno escolar em distintos níveis escolares e desta forma ajudar pais, escolas e políticas educacionais no sentido de aprimorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O relato de caso aqui apresentado sugere uma interferência do ritmo circadiano no rendimento escolar. Entretanto, estudos com amostragens maiores e mais diversificados são necessários para propor este parâmetro como integrante de políticas públicas a serem adotadas evitando o efeito negativo do ciclo vigília/sono individual sobre o rendimento escolar. / Within each one there is a "clock" that regulates the internal dailycycles of eating, sleeping, waking, and even humor. So it happens: when we feel hungry we eat and when we feel sleepy we sleep. The daily activities, the setting of a time, affects each person differently, whether at work or school, and to some person these determinations is"perfect" to their preferences, and others determinations requires ahuge effort, and often, this adaptation is impossible. Thus, there are times of day that each student is more willing to do certain tasks, such as homework and others. In this context, we identified groups ofstudents by the allocation of the sleep / wake cycle, by studying their characteristics and their relationships with the teaching and learning process and validating the scale Morning / Evening, which resulted inthe first article of this thesis. With the validated scale, the main objective of this thesis is to associate groups of students from both chronotype (morning/afternoon) with school hours and school performance, at first with students from a public high school and later with students from five public schools in elementary school, in thecity of Farroupilha- RS. Noting that the results of the elementary school and high school were not the same, we analyzed the influence of the age of students: from 11 to 17 years. Related variables were: age, chronotype (morning / afternoon), school hours, school performance andfailure rate. The results showed that morning of elementary school students (from 11 to 14 years old) had a significantly higheracademic achievement to other groups of students on the morning shiftand a lower failure rate. In high school (15 to 17 years old), the morning group studying in the afternoon showed significantly higher yield than the other students. With this information, the schools, parents and the Departments of Education might rethink the best school hours to attend school and get better returns. Even the case report presented here suggest a circadian rhythm interference with school performance studies with a larger with sample is needed to indicate it as public politics to be adopted to avoid the negative effect of the sleep / wake cycle on individual school performance.

This diploma thesis focuses on selected aspects influencing the psychological development of children in homoparental families. The motivation to investigate these aspects is the growing number of children raised in homoparental families, which in turn evokes a debate in our society about possible impacts on the psychological and social development of these children. The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine level of socio-emotional competencies of children in homoparental families and to discover possible differences in their development. This goal was achieved by testing the socio-emotional competencies of a sample of four school-aged children using a standard IDS test and a questionnaire focusing on a challenging school and life situation. To deepen the knowledge about the families and the understanding of the background of upbringing, biographical and anamnestic core data questionnaire was sent to the families before personal meetings and also each child and one or both of his mothers were interviewed. The results of the tests and the questionnaires show no deviation of children raised in homoparental families from the average of heteronormative society in the field of the recognition and regulation of emotions, understanding of social situations and socially competent behavior. The...

The diploma thesis is devided into four chapters. The first chapter descibes children´s development psychology including a game that champions children´s movement and an attitude to sport and excercises in individual growing stages. Next chapter explains the biologic age, biologic acceleration and retardation of kids. I have explained those concepts and different views of the categorisation. The last chapter deals with the suitable activities for an individual and with what should be avoided.

In my work I pay attention to mutual relations between children of middle school-age. In first part I{\crq}m describing child of middle school-age especially in light of psychological and ethical development. In second part I regard with basic scene of their relations {--} their classroom. The classroom represents small social group with all their roles and positions which they express. Further I refer individual methods, which I will use in research. Closing part deals with research itself. The mutual relations between children are in this case described through theirs own interpretation of these relations.

Children´s awareness of dealing with dogs starts to gain importance nowadays. More often we meet the problems of injuries caused in children by our best animal fellows.This situation needs to be solved. Problem cannot be seen only in accused animal. In most cases neither dog nor child is the deliquent. The main cause of a conflict between, in other way, harmonious coexistence of both partners seems to be children´s ignorance of behaviour, body speech and complex responsible attitude towards dogs. However,they cannot learn these basic rules themselves. Theoretical part of the thesis devotes attention to general outline of child {--} dog relation. Separate chapters are focused not only on psychological and social development of both arbiters, but also on their mutual impact, behaviour, care, communication and cooperation. At the same time, the thesis outlines the problems of dog bite-related injuries in children of our or foreign latitude. Last but not least it underlines the need of prevention and measures which could reduce or generally eliminate the rise of dramatic situations between a dog and a child. The main aim of this work was to chart awareness (informedness) of middle school- aged children of treating, care, behaviour and communication with dogs. Further presumption is to find out the knowledge differences in children who have dogs and those who haven´t. The output of practical part of the thesis are the results of quantitative research. There was used a method of questioning {--} technique standard questionnaire for children within the range of 3.-5. class of basic school. Research specimen represents pupils´ knowledge of four basic schools, in total 200 respondents. From the point of regional representation there were children of South Bohemia and Olomouc regions. According to the research there is evident absence in knowledge of dogs´ body speech and consequently the safety of mutual contact that represent the main problem in arising of risk situation between a child and a dog company. Therefore it is important to devote them more attention in future.