222 Legal Framework for Activities of So-Called Alternative Schools in the Czech Republic Abstract This thesis describes the legal aspects of providing primary and secondary education at so- called alternative schools in the Czech Republic. Firstly, the thesis outlines what an alternative school is and how it can differ from a traditional school. Some examples are given below. Then it explains legal provisions of international human rights law and constitutional law concerning the right to education. A state's obligation to respect parent's philosophical, religious, and other beliefs and rights of individuals and organizations to establish and run private educational institutions lies within the scope of the right to education. The author clarifies why, under these provisions, any quantitative restriction limiting number or capacity of private schools is unacceptable. As a result, some current administrative practices of the Ministry of Education not allowing private schools to be established is labeled as unlawful. Secondly, the author thoroughly describes the general legal framework provided by Education Act nr. 561/2004 Sb., especially its aspects concerning private and alternative schools. This thesis concludes that providing education in schools needs to be seen as an act of the so-called "other"...

This paper discusses schoollearning from a cognitive-motivational perspective. A number of relevant ideas are highlighted as relevant to undersrand the cognitive-motivational factors that influence school learning. / El artículo analiza el aprendizaje escolar donde una perspectiva cognitivo- motivacional, en la que se destacan una serie de ideas relevantes de profundizar en la comprensión de los factores cognitivo-motivacionales que inciden en el aprendizaje escolar.

abstract: This study investigates the hidden curriculum of home learning, through participant observation of ten families, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), who chose to educate their children at home. The term "hidden curriculum" is typically used to describe the values and behaviors that are taught to students implicitly, through the structure and organization of formal schooling. I used the concept of hidden curriculum as a starting point for understanding how the organization and process of home learning might also convey lessons to its participants, lessons that are not necessarily an explicit object of study in the home. Using naturalistic inquiry and a multiple case study method, I spent a minimum of ten hours each with ten families, five who homeschool and five who unschool. Through questionnaires, taped interviews, and observation, I documented typical home learning practices and purposes. These families were selected through a combination of purposive and snowball sampling to reflect a diversity of approaches to home learning. Key findings were organized into four main categories that incorporated the significant elements of the hidden curriculum of these homes: relationships, time, the learning process, and technology. The study offers three main contributions to the literature on home learning, to families, whether their children attend public schools or not, to policy makers and educators, and to the general public. First, in the case of these LDS families, their religious beliefs significantly shaped the hidden curriculum and specifically impacted relationships, use of time, attitudes about learning, and engagement with technology. Second, lines were blurred between unschooling and homeschooling practices, similar to the overlap found in self-reports and other discussions of home learning. Third, similar to families who do not home school, these families sought to achieve a balance in children's use of technology and other educational approaches. Lastly, I discuss the significant challenges that lay in defining curriculum, overt as well as hidden, in the context of home learning. This research contributes insights into alternative ways of educating children that can inform parents and educators of effective elements of other paradigms. In defining their own educational success, these families model the kind of teaching and learning advocated by professionals but that remain elusive in institutionalized education, inviting a re-thinking of and discussions about the "one best system" approach. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2012

During 2015 – 2016, thousands of Syrian refugees arrived in Canadian cities, many of them hoping to find permanent settlement and new life opportunities. In the coming years, these refugees will form communities as they settle in Canada, and develop their own understandings of citizenship and belonging. Using an acculturation framework that views schooling as a primary shaper of resettlement experiences, this qualitative study draws on narrative methodology to explore the overarching question: What are the schooling experiences of recently arrived Syrian refugee within the Ottawa public school system? Refugee narratives describe hopes and concerns for the future, and provide insights for school administrators, educators, and policy makers into the previous experiences of refugees, and current challenges. Findings suggest Syrians arrive to Canada with a determination to succeed, and have positive initial schooling experiences, but often face challenges such as: lack of information, change in family roles, and language barriers.

The research reported in this thesis explores national identity construction by students in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). A lower secondary school (6-8 grades, 11-14 years) was the site where the research took place. The study was designed to examine the relationship between students’ construction of national identity and their educational experience. The aim was to reveal and examine the sense of national self this age-group of students in Northern Cyprus had, how through their education they were placed in the immediate community and the broader social and geo-political space, and what factors contributed to the process of the construction of their national identification. The study was undertaken using multimedia data collection methods, specifically (1) primary texts; (2) interviews with students, teachers, school managers, textbooks writers and officials from the Ministry of Education; and (3) on-site observation of the school at work and lessons. The analytic framing for enquiry was based on Foucault's programme of investigation of the constitution of the subject, which approached the process of national identity construction as an interplay of the structural environment of schooling and of individuals’ agency, revealed through a set of practices. The study findings indicated that the schooling experience played a distinct role in shaping national identities of students. The school was shown to actively promote the state, the TRNC, where the school was located. The state rituals and state ideology were reproduced through school practices, which modeled prescriptive patterns of state structures but were also seen as ‘school-specific’. Viewed as such, school practices, through which the students were positioned as belonging to their state, reproduced and sustained the social norms practiced in society. The patterns of students’ positioning as belonging to their state reflected conflicting conditions of the existence of the TRNC. Through their schooling experience, the students were positioned as belonging to the same national group. At the same time, the students were shown to be capable of strategizing in making their individual choices of self-positioning in relationship to the world of states and nations. Several interrelated factors contributing to the process of national identity construction were identified as education policies, schooling environment, teachers’ agency and students’ agency. Theorized through Foucault’s analytic concepts of technologies these factors were seen as parts of the same process and were clustered into a diagram mapping the technologies in relation to one another as four interrelated factors.

M.Ed.

Orientador: Marilda do Couto Cavalcanti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:05:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Candido_RenataRoveri_M.pdf: 1013283 bytes, checksum: 9742811c739a243ebc9b678def85ac80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente estudo tem como foco de investigação o contexto de uma escola multisseriada que atende a alunos das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e está localizada em uma cidade de pequeno porte (9911 habitantes) em um bairro rural no interior do estado de São Paulo. A fim de tentar entender as representações que os alunos e suas mães constroem em relação à escola, assim como as visões das professoras sobre a escola e os alunos na zona rural, foi adotada como metodologia a perspectiva etnográfica (ERICKSON, 1984 e 1986) que implicou a realização de trabalho de campo baseada em observação na escola e na sala de aula, em conversas informais, em visitas às casas de alunos e em entrevistas. Os referenciais teóricos contemplados neste trabalho, inserido na área da Linguística Aplicada entendida como uma área da ciência "transdisciplinar" (SIGNORINI e CAVALCANTI, 1998) ou "mestiça e ideológica" (MOITA LOPES, 2006), contribuem, na análise de dados, para a construção de respostas à seguinte pergunta direcionadora: "No universo desta escola na zona rural, que representações estão em jogo sobre seus alunos, a própria escola e o saber que ela representa, sob o ponto de vista das mães, dos alunos e das professoras?". A visão de cultura aqui apresentada, central para podermos entender todos os outros conceitos que serão discutidos, advém da leitura de teóricos da Linguística Aplicada (MAHER, 2007), da Antropologia (CUCHE, 2002) e dos Estudos Culturais, com Bhabha (2005) e Hall (1997). Na Antropologia, apoio-me ainda em Canclini (2000) para compreender hibridação, conceito também analisado no âmbito da sociolinguística por Rampton (2006). Os termos identidade e representação são vistos à luz da teorização desenvolvida por Moita Lopes (2003) na Linguística Aplicada, por Bauman (2005) na Sociologia e por Woodward (1997) dos Estudos Culturais. Os resultados da análise sugerem que, para as professoras, a escola de zona rural, pelas dificuldades que carrega (distância, "descaso público", "fatores socioculturais dos alunos" etc), não aparece como destino profissional almejado, mas como uma imposição profissional decorrente de políticas institucionais. Para elas, o baixo desempenho escolar dos alunos seria determinado, principalmente, por dois fatores: as salas multisseriadas e as condições sociais das famílias moradoras do bairro. Para as mães e para algumas das crianças a função da escola seria, basicamente, ensinar a ler e a escrever, e o processo de escolarização seria necessário para a futura saída do campo para a vida na cidade. Como resultados, apresento implicações que poderão servir a futuras pesquisas, além de contribuir para a reflexão de novas políticas educacionais e na formação de professores para atuarem contextos muito mais complexos que os que atualmente são abordados na maioria dos currículos dos cursos de Licenciatura do país. / Abstract: This study aims to investigate the context of a multigraded school which receives students attending the first grades of elementary school and is located in the rural neighbourhood of a small town with 9,911 inhabitants in São Paulo State, Brazil. To examine the representations that the students and their mothers build about the school as well as the representations of the teachers about the school and the students, the methodology adopted was ethnographic (ERICKSON, 1984 and 1986) which implied the development of fieldwork based on observation of the school and the classroom, informal conversations, and also visits to students' houses and interviews. The observation was recorded in the journals kept by this researcher. The theoretical framework of this work, which is developed in a vertent of Applied Linguistics seen as a "crossdisciplinary" area of science (SIGNORINI e CAVALCANTI, 1998) or "mixed and ideological" (MOITA LOPES, 2006), contributes to the data analysis for the construction of responses to the following research question: "From the mothers', the students' and the teachers' points of view, what representations are at stake about the school, the students and the knowledge or the instruction that the school represents in the universe of this school located in a rural neighborhood?" The view of culture presented here, central to understand all the other concepts that are going to be focused, is derived from the discussion of theorists from Applied Linguistics (MAHER, 2007), Anthropology (CUCHE, 2002) and Cultural Studies (BHABHA, 2005, and HALL, 1997). In Anthropology, my basis for understanding hybridization is Canclini (2000) This concept is also analyzed in the field of Sociolinguistics by Rampton (2006). The terms identity and representation are seen in the light of the theorization developed by Moita Lopes (2003) in Applied Linguistics, by Bauman (2005) in Sociology , and by Woodward (1997) in Cultural Studies. The outcome of the analysis suggests that for the teachers, the school in the rural area, with its difficulties such as long distances, "public indifference", "the students' socialcultural factors", is not a desired professional aim but it means a professional imposition resulting from institutional policies. According to these policies, the low students' performance is determined mainly by two factors: the multigraded classrooms and the social conditions of the families who live in the rural area. For the mothers and some children the school function is to teach how to read and write, and the schooling process is needed to enable them to move out from the rural area into the city in the future. To close, I present implications that can be used for future research, and besides, can also contribute to the discussion about new education policies and about teacher education courses geared towards more complex contexts than the ones addressed nowadays in most curricula in the country. / Mestrado / Multiculturalismo, Plurilinguismo e Educação Bilingue / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

The belief that society benefits from the adoption of democratic practices and a desire to improve schooling in South Africa, motivate this research. The social objective of the research is therefore to determine what are the causes of the persistent failure of the South African schooling system and to what extent community participation may serve to resolve them. The technological objective is to determine the feasibility of utilising social media for addressing social problems through enabling participative democracy. The potential for community participation in South African schools is therefore viewed through the lens of Internet enabled participative democracy. A design science-inspired research framework is devised in a qualitative study adopting a critical interpretevist epistemology. The study entails three phases applying a mixing of methods to perform critical research, context-based evaluation and critical interpretive evaluation. The first phase reveals the fundamental problems impacting the schooling education system in South Africa and determines that the underlying cause for their persistence lies in a systemic problem of conflicting legislation and policies caused by ideological differences within the ruling tripartite alliance. It further identifies through critical inference, specific practices by school communities which could improve the education system by participative, democratic action. The second phase evaluates the capacity for selected, popularly used social media artefacts to serve as communication and collaboration tools, in the schooling context, to enable community participation. These are found to be inadequate. The third phase is an evaluation of the technologies capable of facilitating activities required to achieve democratic participation of communities in schools and results in the description of an artefact that could enable a “networked social service media” system. The paper substantiates the notion that an appropriately designed, Internet enabled social media artefact, can promote the participation of communities in schools in South Africa.

Yes / This paper analyses the impact of household adoption of mobile money services on child labour and schooling in Tanzania. The paper uses data drawn from the Tanzania National Panel Surveys (TNPS), for the survey periods as follows: 2008/09, 2010/11, 2012/13, and 2014/15. The TNPS are national representative surveys conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of Tanzania in collaboration with the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LMSA-ISA). The surveys collect detailed information on individual, household, and community-level characteristics. The panel nature of the TNPS allows for the same households to be interviewed over time. The study uses a difference-in-differences approach, and instrumental variables strategy to investigate the nexus between mobile money adoption and child labour and school enrolment in Tanzania. The findings of this study reveal a positive and significant effect of mobile money adoption on school enrolment, but a negative effect on children’s labour market activities. Moreover, the study identifies heterogenous impacts across child’s gender and age; and remittances receipt and education expenditure are the potential pathways through which mobile money adoption affects child labour and school enrolment. Overall, the results suggest that policies that enhance financial inclusion such as the introduction of mobile money can be effective in improving child’s school enrolment and a decline in the incidence of child labour.

As more and more families opt to home school their children, public schools are being faced with the need to know more about the families that home school their children within their division because many of these children will later enroll in public school. The purpose of this study was to determine ways that home schooling parents believe public schools can better interface and assist families who choose to home school their children. In light of the information gained from this study, public school officials may gain insight into: 1) how to effectively communicate with parents of home schooled pupils; 2) what services are needed to support the children in the home school settings in their division; and 3) what strategies need to be implemented to provide a positive transition from the home school setting to the public school setting in those circumstances where home schoolers return to public schools. A questionnaire was used to gather demographic information and to identify families to participate in a formal interview. An interview protocol was developed to obtain information. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed. The major findings revealed that most home schooling parents would welcome a collaborative relationship with the public schools they could see benef for their children. Parents were open to receiving assistance from public schools in providing opportunities for their children to attend classes, providing inservice for parents to become more effective teachers, sharing facilities and materials, sharing information regarding curriculum improvement, and sharing ideas and mutual concerns for enhancing learning for all children. / Ed. D.