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Lávka pro pěší / Pedestrian BridgeHibš, Daniel January 2019 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the design of a new bridge construction over a multi-lane communication. The converted road is a pedestrian and biking trail connecting significant agglomerations. Three studies were worked out in this thesis and the C variant was selected for further detailed processing. It is an unsymmetrical suspended bridge with a cast-in-place deck. In the section above the communication, the bridge is made up of prefabricated segments. Suspension of the structure is made of two sloping pylons forming a V-shape. The analysis of the construction was carried out in the MIDAS Civil program, where a complete model of construction was entered, including a subsequent estacade. The model describes the construction process and includes creep and shrinkage of the concrete. The traffic, temperature and wind loads were used. The design was assessed for the ultimate limit states and serviceability limit states. The assessment was carried out in the IDEA StatiCa program, supplemented by manual calculations. The static calculations also include assessment of the harmonic response. Subsequently, overview drawings, detailed drawings and visualizations were developed.
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Contribution à l'analyse et à la détection automatique d'anomalies ECG dans le cas de l'ischémie myocardique / Contribution to analysis and automatic detection of ECG anomalies in case of myocardial ischemiaHadjem, Medina 29 March 2016 (has links)
Les récentes avancées dans le domaine de la miniaturisation des capteurs biomédicaux à ultra-faible consommation énergétique, permettent aujourd’hui la conception de systèmes de télésurveillance médicale, à la fois plus intelligents et moins invasifs. Ces capteurs sont capables de collecter des signaux vitaux tels que le rythme cardiaq ue, la température, la saturation en oxygène, la pression artérielle, l'ECG, l'EMG, etc., et de les transmettre sans fil à un smartphone ou un autre dispositif distant. Ces avancées sus-citées ont conduit une large communauté scientifique à s'intéresser à la conception de nouveaux systèmes d'analyse de données biomédicales, en particulier de l’électrocardiogramme (ECG). S’inscrivant dans cette thématique de recherche, la présente thèse s’intéresse principalement à l’analyse et à la détection automatique des maladies cardiaques coronariennes, en particulier l’ischémie myocardique et l’infarctus du myocarde (IDM). A cette fin, et compte tenu de la nature non stationnaire et fortement bruitée du signal ECG, le premier défi a été d'extraire les paramètres pertinents de l’ECG, sans altérer leurs caractéristiques essentielles. Cette problématique a déjà fait l’objet de plusieurs travaux et ne représente pas l’objectif principal de cette thèse. Néanmoins, étant un prérequis incontournable, elle a nécessité une étude et une compréhension de l'état de l'art afin de sélectionner la méthode la plus appropriée. En s'appuyant sur les paramètres ECG extraits, en particulier les paramètres relatifs au segment ST et à l'onde T, nous avons contribué dans cette thèse par deux approches d'analyse ECG : (1) Une première analyse réalisée au niveau de la série temporelle des paramètres ECG, son objectif est de détecter les élévations anormales du segment ST et de l'onde T, connues pour être un signe précoce d'une ischémie myocardique ou d’un IDM. (2) Une deuxième analyse réalisée au niveau des battements de l’ECG, dont l’objectif est la classification des anomalies du segment ST et de l’onde T en différentes catégories. Cette dernière approche est la plus utilisée dans la littérature, cependant, il est difficile d’interpréter les résultats des travaux existants en raison de l'absence d’une méthodologie standard de classification. Nous avons donc réalisé notre propre étude comparative des principales méthodes de classification utilisées dans la littérature, en prenant en compte diverses classes d'anomalies ST et T, plusieurs paramètres d'évaluation des performances ainsi que plusieurs dérivations du signal ECG. Afin d'aboutir à des résultats plus significatifs, nous avons également réalisé la même étude en prenant en compte la présence d'autres anomalies cardiaques fréquentes dans l’ECG (arythmies). Enfin, en nous basant sur les résultats de cette étude comparative, nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche de classification des anomalies ST-T en utilisant une combinaison de la technique du Boosting et du sous-échantillonnage aléatoire, notre objectif étant de trouver le meilleur compromis entre vrais-positifs et faux-positifs. / Recent advances in sensing and miniaturization of ultra-low power devices allow for more intelligent and wearable health monitoring sensor-based systems. The sensors are capable of collecting vital signs, such as heart rate, temperature, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, ECG, EMG, etc., and communicate wirelessly the collected data to a remote device and/or smartphone. Nowadays, these aforementioned advances have led a large research community to have interest in the design and development of new biomedical data analysis systems, particularly electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis systems. Aimed at contributing to this broad research area, we have mainly focused in this thesis on the automatic analysis and detection of coronary heart diseases, such as Ischemia and Myocardial Infarction (MI), that are well known to be the leading death causes worldwide. Toward this end, and because the ECG signals are deemed to be very noisy and not stationary, our challenge was first to extract the relevant parameters without losing their main features. This particular issue has been widely addressed in the literature and does not represent the main purpose of this thesis. However, as it is a prerequisite, it required us to understand the state of the art proposed methods and select the most suitable one for our work. Based on the ECG parameters extracted, particularly the ST segment and the T wave parameters, we have contributed with two different approaches to analyze the ECG records: (1) the first analysis is performed in the time series level, in order to detect abnormal elevations of the ST segment and the T wave, known to be an accurate predictor of ischemia or MI; (2) the second analysis is performed at the ECG beat level to automatically classify the ST segment and T wave anomalies within different categories. This latter approach is the most commonly used in the literature. However, lacking a performance comparison standard in the state of the art existing works, we have carried out our own comparison of the actual classification methods by taking into account diverse ST and T anomaly classes, several performance evaluation parameters, as well as several ECG signal leads. To obtain more realistic performances, we have also performed the same study in the presence of other frequent cardiac anomalies, such as arrhythmia. Based on this substantial comparative study, we have proposed a new classification approach of seven ST-T anomaly classes, by using a hybrid of the boosting and the random under sampling methods, our goal was ultimately to reach the best tradeoff between true-positives and false-positives.
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AN AUTONOMOUS SATELLITE TRACKING STATIONAnderson, Mike, Militch, Peter, Pickens, Hugh 10 1900 (has links)
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / In 1998, AlliedSignal Technical Services (ATSC) installed three fully autonomous 13-meter satellite tracking systems for the Integrated Program Office of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) at the Command and Data Acquisition Station
near Fairbanks, Alaska. These systems track and command NOAA Polar Orbiting Weather
Satellites and Defense Meteorological Satellites.
Each tracking system operates for extended periods of time with little intervention other
than periodic scheduling contacts. Schedule execution initiates equipment configuration,
including establishing the RF communications link to the satellite. Station autonomy is
achieved through use of a robust scheduler that permits remote users and the System Administrator
to request pass activities for any of the supported missions. Spacecraft in the
mission set are scheduled for normal operations according to the priority they have been
assigned. Once the scheduler resolves conflicts, it builds a human-readable control script
that executes all required support activities. Pass adds or deletes generate new schedule
scripts and can be performed in seconds.
The systems can be configured to support CCSDS and TDM telemetry processing, but the
units installed at Fairbanks required only telemetry and command through-put capabilities.
Received telemetry data is buffered on disk-storage for immediate, post-pass playback,
and also on tape for long-term archiving purposes. The system can autonomously support
up to 20 spacecraft with 5 different configuration setups each. L-Band, S-Band and X-Band
frequencies are supported.
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Guidelines for preliminary design of beams in eccentrically braced framesDara, Sepehr 09 November 2010 (has links)
Seismic-resistant steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) are designed so that that yielding during earthquake loading is restricted primarily to the ductile links. To achieve this behavior, all members other than the link are designed to be stronger than the link, i.e. to develop the capacity of the link. However, satisfying these capacity design requirements for the beam segment outside of the link can be difficult in the overall design process of an EBF. In some cases, it may be necessary to make significant changes to the configuration of the EBF in order to satisfy beam design requirements. If this discovery is made late in the design process, such changes can be costly.
The overall goal of this research was to develop guidelines for preliminary design of EBFs that will result in configurations where the beam is likely to satisfy capacity design requirements. Simplified approximate equations were developed to predict the axial force and moment in the beam segment outside of the link when link ultimate strength is developed. These equations, although approximate, provided significant insight into variables that affect capacity design of the beam. These equations were then used to conduct an extensive series of parametric studies on a wide variety of EBF configurations. The results of these studies show that the most important variables affecting beam design are 1) the nondimensional link length, 2) the ratio of web area to total area for the wide flange section used for the beam and link, 3) the angle between the brace and the beam, and 4) the flexural stiffness of the brace relative to the beam. Recommendations are provided for selection of values for these variables in preliminary design. / text
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Identification des paramètres inertiels segmentaires humains / Identification of human body segment inertial parametersCouvertier, Marien 18 December 2018 (has links)
L'objectif de ce travail est d'identifier les paramètres inertiels segmentaires humains, c’est-à-dire la masse, la position du centre de masse et la matrice d’inertie de ces segments. Ces paramètres, au nombre de dix par segment, constituent une donnée d'entrée indispensable aux calculs de dynamique inverse utilisés dans les études de biomécanique. Bien qu'il existe des méthodes pour avoir accès à ces paramètres par le biais de tables anthropométriques ou le calcul des volumes segmentaires, l'identification apparaît nécessaire dès lors que les sujets étudiés sont atypiques (handicapés physiques, femmes enceintes, sportifs présentant des hypertrophies musculaires). L'originalité de ce travail est de proposer une approche mixte dans l'écriture du problème d'identification combinant une formulation vectorielle et matricielle des équations du mouvement d’un système poly-articulé supposé rigide, qui ont déjà été établies au sein de l'équipe dans les travaux de thèse de Tony Monnet. La première permet d’identifier les masses et les centres de masse segmentaires. La deuxième permet d’identifier, elle, les matrices d’inertie segmentaires. Les paramètres d’entrée de cette méthode d’identification sont les matrices rotations segmentaires, leurs dérivées secondes, les accélérations segmentaires, ainsi que le torseur externe. Si ce dernier est directement mesuré par une plateforme de force, les autres grandeurs sont obtenues après des opérations sur la mesure de la cinématique segmentaire du sujet obtenue par un système opto-électronique. Ce système mesurant la cinématique du sujet grâce à des marqueurs cutanés, cette cinématique diffère de la cinématique théorique obtenue si les segments sont rigides, du fait des mouvements des masses molles. Ce travail a donc porté sur le calcul d’une matrice rotation optimale, basée sur une transformation matérielle décrivant le mouvement segmentaire.De plus les mouvements des masses molles ainsi que les instruments de mesure induisent un bruit dans les signaux cinématiques. Du fait de la double dérivation de ces signaux pour le calcul des accélérations segmentaires et des dérivées secondes des matrices rotations, ce bruit devient prépondérant sur le signal porteur. Ce travail a donc également porté sur le filtrage à effectuer pour atténuer ces bruits. Cinq filtres utilisés dans la littérature (filtre de Butterworth, lissage de Savitsky-Golay, moyenne glissante, lissage par spline et analyse spectrale) ont été implémentés et leurs effets sur les paramètres inertiels identifiés ont été comparés. Les résultats montrent que les paramètres identifiés avec la méthode vectorielle ne nécessitent pas de traitement. L’identification des matrices d’inertie nécessite, elle, un traitement et le lissage optimal est obtenu avec le moyenne glissante.Enfin, une modélisation du membre supérieur par une chaîne cinématique a également été implémentée afin de rigidifier la cinématique acquise. Les premiers résultats ne sont pas satisfaisants mais le modèle retenu peut être affiné avant de conclure sur l’intérêt de cette modélisation pour l’identification des paramètres inertiels. Finalement, l’approche mixte développée permet l'identification des dix paramètres inertiels des segments du corps humain. La méthode a été validée en identifiant les paramètres inertiels des segments constituant le membre supérieur de dix huit sujets. Les paramètres obtenus ont ensuite été comparés à ceux issus d’une table anthropométrique. Les résultats montrent que les paramètres identifiés sont très proches de ceux estimés. Cela montre donc que l’identification des paramètres inertiels est fiable et permet d’avoir accès aux paramètres inertiels de sujets atypiques, pour qui les tables anthropométriques ne sont pas disponibles. / The aim of this thesis is the identification of body segment inertial parameters (BSIP), i.e. the segment mass, center of mass location and inertia tensor. Those ten parameters per segment are a mandatory input for inverse kinetics methods which are widely used in biomechanics studies. Despite the fact that methods exist to estimate them from anthropometric tables or segment volumes measurements, identification is useful when subjects are atypical (such as disabled people, pregnant women or athletes with muscular hypertrophies). The originality of this work is to use a mixed approach to write the identification problem, combining a vectorial and a matrix formulations of rigid multi-body motion equations, based on previous work did in the RoBioSS axis by Tony Monnet during his PhD. The first one permit to identify segmental masses and center of mass locations. The second one identifies segmental inertia tensors.Inputs of identification algorithm are rotation matrices, their second derivatives, segmental accelerations, and external torsor. Even though this external torsor is directly measured with a force plate, the others inputs are derived from kinematics measurements performed by an optoelectronical device. This device measures kinematics with skin mounted markers tracked by cameras, and the obtained kinematics deviate from the theoretical kinematics of rigid bodies, because of the soft tissues artefacts. In order to deal with these artefacts an optimal rotation matrix computation, based on material transformation, has been performed.Also, noise appears during measurement because of the soft tissues artefacts and the measure device. When double numerical derivatives are applied, this noise becomes greater than the carrier signal. In order to deal with it, five filters, i.e. Butterworth filter, Savitsky-Golay smoothing, sliding average window, spline smoothing and singular spectrum analysis, taken from literature have been implemented and compared. Results show that BSIP identify from vectorial formulation didn’t need any filtering. On the other hand, inertia tensors identification needed smoothed inputs and the best way to smooth them was the sliding average window.Finally, a kinematic chain model of the upper limb has been implemented to rigidify the kinematics. Preliminary results aren’t satisfying but the chain model can be improved before assuming kinematic chain aren’t well suited to enhance BSIP identification. Ultimately, the developed mixed approach has been validated by upper limb inertial parameters identification of eighteen subjects. Identified inertial parameters have also been compared with ones estimated with an anthropometric table. The conclusion is that the identified parameters were very close to the estimated ones, which shows that identification will be reliable to estimate inertial parameters of atypical subjects for whom anthropometric tables aren’t available.
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Biologia reprodutiva da jararaca da Amazônia, Bothrops atrox (Serpente: Viperidae) / Reproductive biology of the Amazonian lancehead, Bothrops atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae)Silva, Karina Maria Pereira da 11 February 2015 (has links)
Bothrops atrox é uma serpente de grande importância ecológica devido a sua ampla distribuição geográfica no vasto e diversificado habitat amazônico. Informações sobre a biologia reprodutiva de B. atrox são escassas e pontuais, sendo a maioria dos dados provenientes de serpentes mantidas em cativeiro. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o ciclo reprodutivo de B. atrox, bem como as estratégias reprodutivas relacionadas a este ciclo tais como: maturidade e dimorfismo sexual, fecundidade, estocagem de espermatozoides e hipertrofia do segmento sexual renal nos machos. Além disso, o trabalho visou ainda relacionar tais estratégias com as condições ambientais (temperatura e precipitação). Para tanto, foram examinados 325 espécimes de B. atrox, sendo machos e fêmeas (maduros e imaturos), provenientes da Amazônia brasileira, preservados em nove coleções herpetológicas. Resultados mostraram haver diferenças relacionadas ao dimorfismo sexual: filhotes machos exibiram a coloração da ponta da cauda amarela, enquanto fêmeas apresentaram a ponta da cauda com coloração escura. Foi também observado que filhotes machos possuíram pigmentação escura na região gular e fêmeas apresentaram coloração clara. As fêmeas adultas foram significativamente maiores que os machos e atingiram a maturidade sexual com maiores tamanhos corpóreos. A vitelogênese foi sazonal (janeiro a agosto), entretanto, não houve sincronia entre a ocorrência de fêmeas prenhes e o período de nascimento dos filhotes. Assim, a extensão observada no ciclo reprodutivo das fêmeas foi possível devido à estocagem de espermatozoides, já que a cópula é sazonal. O ciclo reprodutivo dos machos foi descontínuo, sazonal semi-sincrônico. A produção de espermatozoides ocorreu ao longo do ano, no entanto, a espermiogênese foi observada principalmente no início da estação chuvosa (IEC) e a regressão testicular no início da estação seca (IES). Estocagem de espermatozoides nos ductos deferentes foi observada durante todos os meses do ano e o segmento sexual renal apresentou hipertrofia no IEC e final da estação chuvosa (FEC), sincronizado, portanto com a espermiogênese. Dessa forma, as condições ambientais (temperatura e pluviosidade) foram fundamentais na determinação do tipo de ciclo reprodutivo em B. atrox. Fêmeas prenhes foram encontradas durante vários meses do ano e o pico da atividade testicular ocorreu na estação chuvosa / Bothrops atrox is a snake of large ecological importance due to its wide geographic distribution in the vast and diversified Amazonian habitat. Information about the reproductive biology of B. atrox are scarce and punctual, with most information derived from snakes kept in captivity. Thus, this paper aimed to describe the reproductive cycle of B. atrox, as well as reproductive strategies related to this cycle as: maturity and sexual dimorphism, fecundity, sperm storage, and the hypertrophy of sexual segment of the kidney in males. Moreover, this work also aimed to relate such strategies with environmental conditions (temperature and precipitation). For that, it were examined 325 specimens of B. atrox, being males and females (mature and immature) from the Brazilian Amazon, preserved in nine herpetological collections. Results showed some differences related to sexual dimorphism: neonates males had the coloration of the tail tip yellow, whereas females showed the tail tip with dark coloration. It was also observed that neonate males had dark pigmentation in the throat region, whereas neonate females showed lighter coloration. Adult females were significantly larger than males, and attained sexual maturity at larger body sizes than males. Vitellogenesis was seasonal (January to August), however, there was no synchrony between the occurrence of pregnant females and birth periods. Thus, the extent observed in the female reproductive cycle was possible due to the sperm storage, since mating is seasonal. Male reproductive cycle was discontinuous, seasonal semi-synchronous. Sperm production occurred throughout the year, however, spermiogenesis was observed mainly in the beginning of the rainy season (BRS) and testicular regression in the beginning of the dry season (BRS). Sperm storage in the ductus deferens was observed during all months of the year and the sexual segment of the kidney presented hypertrophy in BRS and in the end of the rainy season (ERS), thus synchronized with spermiogenesis. Therefore, environmental conditions (temperature and rainfall) were essential in determining the type of reproductive cycle of B. atrox. Pregnant females were found during several months of the year and the peak of testicular activity occurred in rainy season
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Das estratégias imobiliárias à produção da cidade como negócio: o caso Alphaville Francisco Brennand - PE / From Real Estate Strategies to City production as a Business: the Alphaville Francisco Brennand - PE caseGonçalves, Raquel Carapeba 11 December 2018 (has links)
Este trabalho propõe-se a investigar as modificações no espaço urbano do Recife, empreendidas pelo mercado imobiliário, especialmente a partir dos anos 2000, quando se intensificaram as estratégias políticas do Governo Federal e Estadual para a construção de grandes empreendimentos industriais e imobiliários em municípios lindeiros ao Recife. Dessa forma, áreas distantes do centro do Recife foram dinamizadas, o que contribuiu para a expansão imobiliária de alto padrão e seguindo um novo perfil espacial de elitização das bordas, engendrado nos projetos de grandes condomínios fechados. Considerando a atuação do setor imobiliário e suas táticas de incorporação de terras e implantação de megaprojetos que potencializam os mecanismos de reprodução e acumulação do capital e evidenciam o valor de troca e a valorização do solo urbano, toma-se a análise do caso Alphaville Francisco Brennand. Frente a essa conjuntura, a metrópole do Recife vem experimentando novas estratégias de acumulação na ordem urbana, assinaladas, sobretudo, pelo sentido hegemônico do mundo da mercadoria. A primazia do capital caracteriza o momento atual da produção do seu espaço urbano sob a generalização da mercadoria e do valor de troca em detrimento do valor de uso. Esse fenômeno vem assumindo um caráter singular no loteamento Alphaville Francisco Brennand, localizado em área periurbana na zona oeste da região metropolitana do Recife. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa teve como escopo principal abordar a especificidade do mercado imobiliário no caso do Alphaville Francisco Brennand, no qual verificou-se que a acumulação capitalista se realiza através de investimentos do capital no setor imobiliário não edificado. Trata-se da realização dos lucros no âmbito das operações fundiárias, antes mesmo do momento da construção efetivamente, através dos ganhos auferidos pela atividade da especulação imobiliária. Ou seja, a realização do capital ocorre na valorização fundiária, e não precisa se concretizar na edificação para garantir a rentabilidade do negócio, o que garante particularidades na realização da lógica da cidade como negócio por meio do monopólio da propriedade da terra. / This project proposes to investigate the modifications in the urban space of Recife undertaken by the real estate market, especially from the years 2000, when the Federal and State Governments political strategies for the construction of great industrial and real state enterprises in municipalities bordering Recife were intensified. Thus, areas far from the center of Recife were dynamized, which contributed to the high-quality real estate expansion, following a new spatial profile of \'edge elitisation\' engendered in projects of large closed condominiums. Considering the performance of the real estate sector and its tactics of land incorporation and implantation of megaprojects, that potentiates the mechanisms of reproduction and accumulation of capital and shows the value of exchange and the valorization of the urban land, the analysis of the Alphaville Francisco Brennand case is taken. Facing this situation, the Recife\'s metropolis has been experimenting new strategies of accumulation in the urban order, mainly pointed out by the hegemonic sense of commoditys world. The capitals primacy characterizes the present moment of its urban space production under the commoditys generalisation and the value of exchange in detriment of the value of use. This phenomenon has been assuming a unique character in Alphaville Francisco Brennand allotment, located in a peri-urban area in the western zone of Recifes metropolitan region. In this context, the main objective of the research was to address the specificity of the real estate market in Alphaville Francisco Brennand case, where it was verified that the capitalist accumulation happens through capital investments in non-building real estate. It is the realization of profits in the scope of land operations, even before the effective construction, through the gains earned by the activity of real estate speculation. That is, the realization of capital takes place in land valuation, and does not have to be constructively concretized to guarantee the profitability of the business, which guarantees particularities in the realization of the city\'s logic as a business through the monopoly of land ownership.
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Prevalens av nedsättning av hjärtats vänsterkammares longitudinella funktion hos patienter med aortastenos / Prevalence of reduction of the heart's left ventricular longitudinal function in patients with aortic stenosisRabe, Nasim Estelle January 2019 (has links)
Background:Left ventricular function is particularly important to investigate since it has prognostic significance in some heart diseases such as aortic stenosis. One of the relatively new methods to evaluate this is deformation analysis that can produce a measure of global longitudinal strain with speckle-tracking. Objective:The objective was to examine the possibility of measuring left ventricular longitudinal function in patients with aortic stenosis from ECG-gated computed tomography images with the new software Segment CT and investigate prevalence of its reduction. Additionally, a second objective was to evaluate the feasibility of global longitudinal strain analysis from ECG-gated computed tomography in comparison with echocardiography and ejection fraction in a subset of patients. Material and methods:This study included 97 patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent evaluation before planned treatment with transcatheter aortic valve implantation during 2016-2017 at Uppsala Hospital. Global strain was calculated from ECG-gated computed tomography and echocardiography with dedicated software. Results:Left ventricular function measured by global strain was impaired in all patients while ejection fraction was decreased in 31 %. Mean global longitudinal strain by ECG-gated computed tomography was -6.46±3.51 % and by echocardiography -10.69±4.23 %. The mean difference between the methods was 4.23 %, which was statistically significant (p=0.02) while the correlation was good (r=0.74). Conclusions:The strain analysis of ECG-gated computed tomography images was successful in less than a half of the patients. The results of the two methods showed good correlation but not agreement, further research is thus needed with a higher number of patients.
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Consultas de segmentos em janelas: algoritmos e estruturas de dados / Windowing queries: algorithms and data structures.Franco, Alvaro Junio Pereira 06 July 2009 (has links)
Neste trabalho estudamos problemas relacionados com a busca de pontos e segmentos em janelas retangulares com os lados paralelos aos eixos. É dado um conjunto de segmentos (ou pontos) no plano. Em uma primeira fase estes segmentos são organizados em estruturas de dados de tal forma a tornar buscas por aqueles que estão contidos em janelas retangulares mais eficiente. Na segunda fase são dadas as janelas de maneira online. Várias destas estruturas de dados são baseadas em árvores balanceadas, tais como, árvore limite, árvore de busca com prioridade, árvore de intervalos e árvore de segmentos. Na dissertação mostramos detalhadamente estas estruturas de dados e os algoritmos para resolver este problema para conjuntos de pontos (versão unidimensional do problema) e para segmentos no plano, tanto horizontais e verticais como com qualquer orientação (sem cruzamentos). Os algoritmos são analisados de forma rigorosa quanto ao seu uso de espaço e de tempo. Implementamos também os vários algoritmos estudados, construindo uma biblioteca destas estruturas de dados. Apresentamos, finalmente os resultados de experimentos computacionais com instâncias do problema. / In this work we study problems about point and segment query in rectangular windows whose edges are parallel to the axis. Given a set of segments (or points) in the plane. In a first phase these segments are organized in data structures such that queries for segments in windows are done more efficiently. In the second phase windows are given online. The data structures are balanced trees as range tree, priority search tree, interval tree and segment tree. In this master\'s thesis we show in details data structures and algorithms for solving windowing queries to sets of points (unidimensional version of the problem) and of segments in the plane, as horizontal and vertical as any orientation (without crossings). The algorithms are analysed rigorously regarding their space and time used. We implement the algorithms studied, building a library of these data structures. Finally, we present, the results of computational experiments with instances of the problem.
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Estruturas lamelares de madeira para coberturas / Wood segmental-lattice vaults structures for roofsFerreira, Núbia dos Santos Saad 19 March 1999 (has links)
As estruturas lamelares de madeira foram introduzidas na Europa em 1908, no Brasil em 1922 e nos Estados Unidos em 1925. Foram muito empregadas entre as décadas de 20 e 60 para cobrirem ambientes que abrangessem grandes áreas como galpões industriais, ginásios, auditórios, pavilhões de exposição, garagens, depósitos, igrejas, salões de clube e outros. Estas estruturas são constituídas por elementos de barras denominados lamelas, que compõem uma malha losangular tridimensional em formato de abóbada. Este trabalho tem por finalidade a apresentação das recomendações de dimensionamento destas estruturas a partir da determinação dos esforços atuantes nas barras e deslocamentos dos nós, com base na atual norma brasileira NBR 7190:1997 - Projeto de estruturas de madeira. Para esta finalidade foi desenvolvido um abrangente estudo teórico e experimental a respeito do sistema estrutural e construtivo destas estruturas. Os resultados obtidos mostram a viabilidade técnica e econômica (racionalização do uso de materiais) na utilização destas estruturas para coberturas de médios a grandes vãos. / The wood segmental-lattice vaults were introduced in Europe in 1908, in Brazil in 1922 and in the United States in 1925. They were very used between the twenties and sixties for covering big areas as industrial sheds, gymnasiums, auditoriums, exposition pavilions, garages, storaged structures, churches, club salons and others. These structures are constituted by bar elements that are parts of a three dimensional quadrangular net, forming a vault. The purpose of this work is to present the design recommendations of these structures from the determination of the active efforts on the bars and nodal displacements, with basis on the Brazilian standard NBR 7190:1997 - Timber structures project and, for this purpose, was developed a broad theoretical and an experimental studies about the structural and constructive systems of these structures. The results show the technical and economic viabilities (rationalization in the use of materials) in using these structures for covering medium and long roof spans.
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