Self-construal (SC) refers to the way people perceive their identities in relation to self and others (Markus & Kitayama, 1991b). It has been found in the literature to influence thinking, decision-making, and preferences (e.g., Sung, Choi, & Tinkham, 2012) which suggests that a person's SC may affect her/his preference on psychological interventions. However, no empirical studies can be located that examined this relationship. The study examined the effects of independent SC, interdependent SC, general autonomy (GA), and sport autonomy (SA) on athletes' preferences and desire to use the interventions in the future, especially how these relations might vary as a function of the type of intervention. It was hypothesized that the relationship between each of the predictors and preference for and desire to use intervention would be moderated by the type of intervention received. Four hundred and thirty-one current and former athletes were recruited to participate in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire that measured SC, GA, and SA and were then randomly assigned to receive one of two self-talk interventions, representing either a self- or other-focused intervention. Participants were asked to rate their preference for and desire to use the given intervention in the future. Results found positive significant relationships with all predictors and intervention preference, in both self- and other-focused groups. Initial hierarchical multiple and logistic regression analyses did not support a significant moderation effect of intervention type on the relationships between the independent and dependent variables. However, a post-hoc analysis that conducted a hierarchical multiple regression with participants separated by gender found a significant moderation effect of intervention type on the relationship between independent SC and preference for intervention for females only. Additional post-hoc analyses were conducted to replicate Sung et al.'s (2012) analysis procedures in which the SC continuous variables were transformed into categorical ones, and a 2x2 ANOVA and Pearson chi-square analyses were conducted. Post-hoc analyses revealed significant interaction effects of intervention type and participants' dominant self-construal type on their desire to use intervention. Limitations, implications for counseling/consulting, and future research directions are discussed.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis it is argued that the age-old philosophical "Problem of the Self' can benefit by being approached from the perspective of a relatively recent science, namely that of Complexity Theory. With this in mind the conceptual features of this theory is highlighted and summarised. Furthermore, the argument is made that the predominantly dualistic approach to the self that is characteristic of the Western Philosophical tradition serves to hinder, rather than edify, our understanding of the phenomenon. The benefits posed by approaching the self as an emergent property of a complex system is elaborated upon, principally with the help of work done by Sigmund Freud, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett, and Paul Cilliers. The aim is to develop a materialistic conception of the self that is plausible in terms of current empirical information and resists the temptation see the self as one or other metaphysical entity within the brain, without "reducing" the self to a crude materialism. The final chapter attempts to formulate a possible foil against the accusation of crude materialism by emphasising that the self is part of a greater system that includes the mental apparatus and its environment (conceived as culture). In accordance with Dawkins's theory the medium of interaction in this system is conceived of as memes and the self is then conceived of as a meme-complex, with culture as a medium for memetransference. The conclusion drawn from this is that the self should be studied through narrative, which provides an approach to the self that is material without being crudely physicalistic. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word daar aangevoer dat die relatiewe jong wetenskap van Kompleksiteitsteorie 'n nuttige bydra kan lewer tot die eeue-oue filosofiese "Probleem van die Self'. Met die oog hierop word die konseptueie kenmerke van hierdie teorie na vore gebring en opgesom. Die argument word gemaak dat die meerendeels dualistiese benadering van die Westerse filosofiese tradisie tot die self ons verstaan van die fenomeen belemmer eerder as om dit te bemiddel. Die voordele van dié nuwe benadering, wat die self sien as 'n ontluikende (emergent) eienskap van In komplekses sisteem, word bespreek met verwysing na veral die werke van Sigmund Freud, Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett en Paul Cilliers. Daar word beoog om In verstaan van die self te ontwikkel wat kontemporêre empiriese insigte in ag neem en wat die versoeking weerstaan om ongeoorloofde metafisiese eienskappe aan die self toe te ken. Terselfdetyd word daar gepoog om geensins die uniekheid van die self te "reduseer" na 'n kru materialisme nie. In die finale hoofstuk word daar gepoog om 'n teenargument vir die voorsiene beswaar van kru materialisme te ontwikkel. Dit word gedoen deur te benadruk dat die self gesien word as deel van 'n groter, komplekse sisteem, wat die masjienerie van denke en die omgewing (wat as kultuur gekonseptualiseer word) insluit. Insgelyks, in die teorie van Dawkins word die medium van interaksie in hierdie sisteem gesien as "memes", waar die self dan n meme-kompleks vorm, en kultuur die medium van meme-oordrag is. Daar word tot die konklusie gekom dat die self op 'n narratiewe manier bestudeer behoort te word, wat dan 'n benadering tot die self voorsien wat materialisties is, sonder om kru fisikalisties te wees.

Excess, Sex & Elevation is an attempt to understand the desire for truth in the work of Emmanuel Levinas, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Nothing is said about what truth is, but rather why it is wanted and how it is sought. Despite their different religious beliefs (Levinas a Jew, Nietzsche an atheist, Dostoevsky a Christian), the three thinkers hold remarkably similar conceptions of truth. Truth is an individual pursuit -- upwards. The self experiences a crisis of conscience upon discovering its originary excess, which is sex. The self suffers spiritually for what it is physically through the art of ascesis, turning the lust for sex into the desire for truth. And therein begins the self's elevation to the heights of truth.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-24T12:29:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Vitória Canesin Lovato.pdf: 1134635 bytes, checksum: a02b9f4c3d0b9a27bdf4180b778b6e9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T12:29:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Vitória Canesin Lovato.pdf: 1134635 bytes, checksum: a02b9f4c3d0b9a27bdf4180b778b6e9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation intends to investigate the discussions involving the concept of self in the philosophy of the young Charles Sanders Peirce (1834-1914) between 1865 and 1870. Although the thoughts are from his youth years, we will present arguments to show those were years that brought debates of underlying importance for us to understand how and from which theoretical and methodological contexts the theme self emerges. Since 1865, Peirce reasons the relationship between logic and psychology, and argues, explicitly, for a non-psychological position for logic. Within this context, a strong criticism of introspection is born, and it reveals a detachment from the cartesian spirit and the inclination to understand the process of thinking as intuitive or dependable of psychic factors. In general, the criticism of psychologism in logic will demand a revision of the idea of subjectivity and, more specifically, of the self under new philosophical horizons. Therefore, under his then early theory of signs and his social approach to epistemology, Peirce will negate a notion of self characterized by complete individuality and introspection, opening way to a new and positive characterization of subjectivity buoyed by an objective logic, where all knowledge, including of ourselves, proceed in a mediate way and in reference to an outside world. It’s during the years we study in this dissertation that some of the most important – and most commented – characterizations of the self as a sign and of the self as mere negation, if a separate existence is considered, appear. Along this study we will see that, even under the scope if his early logic investigations between 1865 and 1870, Peirce already admitted to a social and opened understanding of the self, giving way to a new approach, one that is broader and sympathetic to less selfish visions / Esta dissertação procura investigar as discussões em torno do conceito de self na filosofia do jovem Charles Sanders Peirce (1834 -1914), durante o período de 1865 até 1870. Apesar de tratar-se de pensamentos de sua juventude, buscaremos argumentar que esses anos trazem debates de fundamental importância para entendermos como e de quais contextos teóricos e metodológicos a temática sobre o self emerge. Desde 1865, Peirce discute a relação da lógica com a psicologia, defendendo explicitamente uma posição não psicológica da lógica. Nesse contexto, já aparece uma forte crítica à introspecção, revelando o afastamento do espírito do cartesianismo e da tendência a entender o processo de pensamento como intuitivo ou dependente de fatores psíquicos. De maneira geral, a crítica ao psicologismo na lógica demandará uma revisão da ideia de subjetividade e, mais especificamente, a de self sob novos horizontes filosóficos. Assim, sob sua ainda inicial teoria dos signos e sua abordagem social da epistemologia, Peirce negará uma noção de self caracterizada pela completa individualidade e introspecção, abrindo caminho para uma caracterização nova e positiva da subjetividade balizada por uma lógica objetiva, onde inclusive o conhecimento de nós mesmos procede de maneira mediata e em referência ao mundo externo. É no ínterim dos anos estudados nesse trabalho que aparecem as importantes – e muito comentadas – caracterizações do self como um signo e do self como uma mera negação, se considerado como uma existência separada. No percurso deste estudo veremos que, mesmo sob o escopo de suas iniciais investigações lógicas, durante os anos de 1865 a 1870, Peirce já admitia um entendimento social e aberto do self, abrindo caminho para uma nova abordagem mais ampla e solidária que distanciase de visões egoístas

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Management and Information Systems. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Federação Luterana Mundial / Esta tese analisa o Paradoxo Absoluto sob a perspectiva do tornar-se cristão. Desenvolve-se o argumento de que o processo de tornar-se cristão acontece sob juízo e graça no encontro com o Paradoxo Absoluto. Na primeira parte é tecida uma articulação paradoxal entre antropologia e cristologia. No primeiro capítulo é analisada a possibilidade do pecado original recorrendo-se ao conceito de angústia. A reflexão é antropológica e se ocupa em investigar a constituição do ser humano tendo em mente a pergunta por como o pecado é possível, e não em afirmar a realidade efetiva do pecado. No segundo capítulo é desenvolvido o entendimento do paradoxo cristológico em Kierkegaard e argumentado que o encontro do indivíduo com o paradoxo acontece sob juízo e graça. Este argumento desempenha papel central na tese tanto para o entendimento da concepção de paradoxo em Kierkegaard como para a compreensão do significado de tornar-se cristão. Na segunda parte da tese o tema da relação paradoxal entre juízo e graça é analisado sob novas nuances. No terceiro capítulo o entendimento antropológico de Kierkegaard é aprofundado a partir de sua compreensão de self. Em decorrência, são analisados os conceitos de desespero e pecado, bem como o conceito de fé enquanto cura para o pecado. A partir desse desenvolvimento é argumentado que se tornar um self é um processo que acontece sob juízo e graça. No quarto capítulo Cristo é apresentado enquanto simultaneamente modelo e redentor e é enfatizada a importância do discipulado cristão enquanto seguir a Cristo. Desenvolvendo o tema do discipulado é tecida uma reflexão sobre o amor cristão destacando o dever de amar o próximo e a manifestação do amor em obras. A categoria da edificação é então trabalhada enquanto modo do amor. Finalmente, é retomado o conceito de paradoxo demonstrando-se que o discipulado cristão acontece continuamente sob juízo e graça. Nas reflexões finais alguns conceitos importantes da tese são relacionados a questões do nosso próprio contexto teológico. / The thesis analyzes the Absolute Paradox under the perspective of becoming a Christian. The argument is developed, that the process of becoming a Christian happens under judgment and grace, when encountering the Absolute Paradox. In the first part, a paradoxical articulation between Anthropology and Christology is elaborated. In the first chapter the possibility of original sin is analyzed making use of the concept of anxiety. This reflection is mainly anthropological and aims to investigate the constitution of the human being, keeping in mind the question of how sin is possible, and not in stating the actuality of sin. In the second chapter, the understanding of the christological Paradox is developed according to Kierkegaard and it is argued that the encounter of the individual with the Paradox happens under judgment and grace. This argument has a central role in the thesis, in understanding the concept of Paradox in Kierkegaard, as well as in the comprehension of the significance of becoming a Christian. In the second part of the thesis the relation between judgment and grace is analyzed under new nuances. In the third chapter the anthropological understanding of Kierkegaard is deepened, taking his understanding of the self as basis. From this concept the categories of despair and sin, as well as faith as cure to sin, are analyzed. Up from this development I argue that to become a self is a process that happens under judgment and grace. In the fourth chapter Christ is presented as simultaneously prototype and redeemer, and the importance of Christian discipleship is stressed as following Christ. Developing the notion of discipleship, it is elaborated a reflection on Christian love, stressing the commandment of loving ones neighbor and the manifestation of love in works. The category of edification is developed as a way of love. Finally I turn back to the concept of paradox arguing that Christian discipleship happens continually under judgment and grace. In my final reflections some important concepts of the thesis are related to questions of our own theological context.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Currently the most influential accounts of personal autonomy, at least in the Englishspeaking world, focus on providing conditions under which agents can be said to exercise self-control. Two distinct accounts of personal autonomy have emerged in this tradition: firstly, hierarchical models grounded in the work of Harry Frankfurt; and secondly, systems division models most famously articulated by Gary Watson. In this thesis I show the inadequacies of both of these models by exploring the problematic views of the self and self-control underlying each model. I will suggest that the problems faced by these models stem from the fact that they endorse a problematic fragmentation of the self. I suggest that a Nietzschean account of personal autonomy is able to avoid these problems. The Nietzschean account can largely, I show, be drawn from Nietzsche’s understanding of both the ‘man of ressentiment’ and his opposite, the sovereign individual. On this picture wholeness of self – rather than fragmentation of the self – is required in order for us to be most fully autonomous. Furthermore, this wholeness of self requires the kind of integrity which is opposed to the problematic fragmentation endorsed by Frankfurt and Watson.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates why human poverty and environmental degradation still exist to the extent that they do in a world where there appears to be sufficient scientific and social knowledge to reduce them considerably. It asserts that the reason they continue to exist on such a large scale is because their root cause - a mistaken understanding of humanity's role in creation - has not been sufficiently examined. Humanity's mistaken understanding of ourselves as the Cartesian lords of creation is addressed by introducing the Biblically-based concept of Shalom, as interpreted by theologians Ulrich Duchrow and Gerhard Liedke in their book, Shalom. Biblical Perspectives on Creation, Justice and Peace (1987). The concept stresses how our exploitative relationship towards creation results in destructive relationships with our fellow human beings and ultimately with God. The thesis argues that global capitalism's central value of accumulating wealth for its own sake has severely disrupted Shalom in society and the rest of creation. Using a second work of theologian Ulrich Duchrow, Alternatives to Global Capitalism. Drawn from Biblical History Designed for Political Action (1995), the social and environmental poverty inducing structures within the world economy are highlighted. It is asserted that in order to reduce poverty and environmental degradation within the economy, this central value of wealth accumulation for its own sake has to be replaced with one that seeks to satisfy the basic needs of all people. The thesis also discusses the inability of the South African government's macro economic strategy - the Growth, Employment and Redistribution plan (GEAR)- to create Shalom. In order for the macro-economic strategy of South Africa to address the exploitative relationships that exist within the economy, it is argued that a more critical attitude towards the values and structures of the market economy is needed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die vraag hoekom armoede en omgewingsaftakeling steeds bestaan in 'n wêreld waar genoegsame wetenskaplike en sosiale kennis beskikbaar is om dit aansienlik te verminder. Dit argumenteer dat die rede waarom hierdie probleme op so 'n groot skaal voortbestaan, is omdat hulle grondoorsaak - 'n verkeerde verstaan van die mens se rol in die skepping - nie voldoende ondersoek is nie. Die mensdom se misverstaan van sigself as die Cartesiaanse meesters van die skepping word aangespreek deur die ondersoek van die Bybels-gebasseerde konsep van Shalom, soos geïnterpreteer deur die teoloë Ulrich Duchrow and Gerhard Liedke in hulle boek Shalom. Biblical Perspectives on Creation, Justice and Peace (1987). Die konsep benadruk hoe ons eksploiterende verhouding tot die skepping resulteer in 'n vernietigende verhouding met ons medemens en uiteindelik, met God. Die tesis argumenteer dat globale kapitalisme, met die akkumulasie van welvaart vir sigself as sentrale waarde, Shalom ondermyn in die wêreld en die res van die skepping. Deur gebruik te maak van 'n tweede werk van die teoloog Ulrich Duchrow, Alternatives to Global Capitalism. Drawn from Biblical History Designed for Political Action (1995), word die strukture wat sosiale- en omgewings-armoede veroorsaak binne die wêreldekonomie, ondersoek. Dit word gestel dat, ten einde armoede en omgewingsvernietiging te verminder, hierdie sentrale waarde van welvaartakkumulasie vir sigself vervang moet word met een wat daarna streef om die basiese behoeftes van mense te bevredig. Die onvermoë van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se makro-ekonomiese strategie, naamlik die Groei-, Werkskeppings- en Herverdelingsprogram (GEAR) - om Shalom te skep, word ook bespreek. Dit word geargumenteer dat, ten einde 'n situasie te bereik waar die makro-ekonomiese strategie van Suid Afrika die eksploiterende verhoudings binne die ekonomie aanspreek, 'n meer kritiese houding ten opsigte van die waardes en strukture van die vryemark ekonomie benodig word.