Motivation för ledarskap styrs av värderingar, personlighet och tro på sin förmåga. Forskning har genererat tre motivationskategorier för ledarskap, affektiv-identitet ledarmotivation, icke-kalkylerande ledarmotivation och social-normativ ledarmotivation. Studien undersökte dessa tre motivationskategoriernas inbördes rangordning och skillnader mellan utbildningsinriktning och kön samt samband med generell self-efficacy och personlighetsegenskaper enligt femfaktormodellen.  192 studenter deltog från en mellansvensk högskola, därav 54 män, 90 från socionomprogrammen, 72 från det internationella businessprogrammet och 30 från två ingenjörsprogram.  De besvarade en enkät bestående av Chan och Drasgows Motivation to lead scale, Chen, Gully och Edens General self- efficacy scale och Shafers femfaktormodell Big Five Marker. Resultatet visar att det finns skillnader mellan motivationskategorier och utbildningsinriktning. Det finns samband mellan motivationskategorier och personlighet. Inga skillnader i self-efficacy mellan utbildningsinriktning eller mellan könen. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån behov av ledarskap i samhället, krav i ledarrollen, utveckling av individer i riktning mot ledarskap och utveckling av nya ledarmodeller exemplifierat med delat ledarskap.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar elevernas motivation i ämnet matematik ur ett elevperspektiv. I undersökningen deltog 16 elever i skolår 5 och det genomfördes kvalitativa enskilda intervjuer. Utifrån intervjuernas resultat presenteras elevernas syn på vilka faktorer som påverkar deras motivation i ämnet matematik. Undersökningen lyfter fram en rad olika aspekter som kan påverkas elevernas motivation och några av faktorerna som presenteras är läromedel, kommunikation, delaktighet och påverkan. I uppsatsen redogörs resultaten av intervjuerna i förhållande till aktuell forskning och teoretisk bakgrund med avseende på motiverande faktorer. Vår undersökning åskådliggör att eleverna är eniga kring ett antal faktorer som påverkar motivationen i ämnet matematik. Eleverna nämner samarbete som en viktig faktor för motivationen, de anser att det är roligare när de får arbeta tillsammans. De talar även om att de vill arbeta med olika material, gärna kreativt och laborativt. Eleverna påtalar vikten av lärarens betydelse och betydelsen av varierad undervisning.

Adolescents intentions to behave in both reactive and instrumental aggression were assessed using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB; I. Ajzen, 1985). Along with examining the TPB, perceptions of self-efficacy (A. Bandura, 1982) towards both types of aggression were also assessed. Self-report questionnaires were administered to 162 grade 10 to 12 students in two independent school districts. Using Path Analysis, the TPB was shown to significantly explain both instrumental and reactive aggression. In the context of reactive aggression, attitudes were found to have the greatest influence on intentions to behave aggressively. As for instrumental aggression, self-efficacy was found to have the greatest influence on intentions. Overall, the results of this study provide support for using the TPB to explain adolescent aggression. In addition, this study further demonstrates the value of distinguishing between reactive and instrumental functions of aggression.

Sjustegsmodellen är väl känd inom beteendemedicinsk sjukgymnastik och kännetecknas av ett samarbete mellan sjukgymnast och patient för att uppnå högt prioriterade mål. Att dosera efter patientens förutsättningar är av stor vikt för att uppnå god behandlingsföljsamhet. Tilltro till den egna förmågan, Self-Efficacy (SE), är då en betydelsefull faktor att ta hänsyn till. Bedömningen av en annan individs hälsa antas vara komplex, då studier har visat att sjukgymnastens uppfattning om problematiken ofta skiljer sig från patientens. En studie visade att sjukgymnasten tenderade att överskatta patientens smärta, medan en annan visade att hon underskattade de interpersonella problemen. Patientens SE är en stark prediktor för om beteendeförändringen kommer att lyckas samt påverkar dessutom smärtupplevelse, hälsostatus, livskvalitet och träningsregelbundenhet. Denna enkätstudie utfördes på ett sjukhus i Spanien, för att kartlägga hur sjukgymnastens skattning av patientens SE till behandlingen förhåller sig till patientens egen skattning. Sjukgymnast och patient fyllde i samma enkät för att möjliggöra analys av eventuella skillnader. Resultatet visade att majoriteten sjukgymnaster hade en uppfattning som skiljde sig från patientens oavsett om SE skattades med hänsyn till hinder på kroppsfunktionsnivå, aktivitet/delaktighetsnivå, omgivningsnivå eller personnivå. Detsamma gällde då inga hinder förelåg. Slutsatsen blev att det var lättare för sjukgymnasten att bedöma generell än mer specifik SE.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if special education and general education student teachers differed significantly in stress and selfefficacy during and following the student teaching semester. The institutional population was special education and general education student teachers at the top ten teacher producing universities in Texas and the sample was drawn from the four institutions which agreed to participate. Student teachers in these institutions were emailed a link to the survey site. The pretest resulted in a response rate of 16.5%, with 59 analyzable responses from participants. The posttest resulted in a response rate of 10%, with 36 analyzable responses from participants. Data from 23 student teachers completed the stress pretest and posttest survey, and 22 student teachers completed the self-efficacy pretest and posttest survey. Data were analyzed using Friedman’s ANOVA and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The survey contained two instruments, the Teacher Stress Inventory, and the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale; and a researcher-developed demographic information sheet. Student teachers were asked to respond to questions pertaining to stress, as well as to how much influence student teachers have with certain aspects of the learning environment. Data analysis utilized descriptive and nonparametric inferential statistics to draw conclusions. Among the major research findings were: 1. General and special education student teachers were significantly more stressed and demonstrated higher levels of self-efficacy from pretest to posttest. 2. Stress was most often caused by poorly motivated students and by students not trying to the best of their abilities. 3. Self-efficacy was highest for the Disciplinary Self-Efficacy Subscale. 4. Special education student teachers did not differ significantly in either stress or self-efficacy from pretest to posttest. 5. General education student teachers differed significantly in both stress and self-efficacy from pretest to posttest. The results of this study may provide a catalyst for further research examining the interplay between stress and self-efficacy, specifically for special education student teachers, and ultimately produce additional findings that may inform student teacher curricula. Additionally, the results may help inform teacher preparation programs about methods to help mediate stress in the early stages of stress onset.

While much research has been devoted to the study of personality, the separate construct of “workplace personality” is beginning to gain empirical attention. The current study takes a closer look at the factor structure of the Workplace Personality Inventory, a measure used to describe workplace personality using sixteen different scales measuring traits associated with positive job performance. This study also uses correlation analyses to determine the relation between workplace personality, personality traits, and self-efficacy. Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) emphasizes the unique and important contribution of self-efficacy to career development and exploration. The present study determines the relationship between personality as measured by the NEO-FFI and workplace personality as it is measured by the WPI. The present study also uses self-efficacy scores and indicators of the Big Five personality factors (as measured by the NEO-FFI) to predict workplace personality. Results show that despite some logical correlations between scales on the NEO-FFI and the WPI, the measures are not redundant, showing the WPI to assess aspects of personality that the NEO-FFI does not. Further, in support of SCCT, self-efficacy was shown to significantly correlate with workplace personality. Practical implications and limitations of the study are also discussed.

The purpose of the study was to investigate relationships among teacher selfefficacy, trust, and collective efficacy among teachers in a southwest Texas school district. The research included three established surveys combined to create a single survey. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to analyze the data from the survey. The study analyzed the results of surveys completed by 746 teachers. The surveys completed were the Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale, Collective Efficacy Scale, and Omnibus T-Scale. Factors considered in the analysis of data included gender, number of years of experience, ethnicity, and the level of mentorship provided. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to assess if differences exist in the Teachers’ Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale subscales of student engagement, instructional strategies, classroom management, Omnibus T-Scale subscale of trust in principal, trust in colleagues, trust in clients, and collective efficacy between schools. The results suggest that simultaneous differences exist in dependent variables between schools. However, further analysis also showed all schools with the exception of one scored higher than 84 percent of the standardized school sample in trust in students’ ability to perform. In comparing survey responses across teacher demographics, results showed gender differences in trust in principal, trust in clients, and collective efficacy. When comparing the responses to national averages, the results were as follows: self-efficacy showed patterns that were below average, trust showed patterns that were above average, and collective efficacy was average. This research study contributes to the theoretical rationale explaining the relationship between self-efficacy, collective efficacy, and trust. Further research could be done in the area for school administrators to improve student achievement through working to raise collective efficacy beliefs and trust of their faculty.

The purpose of this study is to investigate differences found in self-efficacy perceptions regarding mentoring of trained mentors who were trained using a cognitive developmental model of mentor training, with mentor teachers who have received little or no training. The researcher was interested in whether the university based mentors, who participated in a cognitive developmental mentor training, would have a higher sense of self-efficacy and confidence in their mentoring as a result of the training than the campus mentors who received little or no training. Two groups of mentors participated in the study. One group consisted of university mentors who completed the Cognitive Developmental Mentor Training through Texas A&M University’s Mentoring Research Collaborative for Learning and Development. The campus mentors were from a suburban school district and volunteered to mentor. They were required to attend a one time district mentor training session. The university and campus mentors completed three components during the study. The three components included a self efficacy survey, an interview using open ended questions, and the completion of a mentoring narrative. The study followed a mixed method model. The researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data. The researcher felt using both methods would offer the best explanation of the phenomenon of mentor self efficacy. The researcher used the basic interpretive approach, which requires constant comparisons of each type of data. The data collected from the self-efficacy survey indicated little or no difference in self-efficacy perceptions in regards to mentoring between the two groups. However, there were differences in the qualitative pieces of the study. The level of knowledge regarding mentoring differed between the two groups resulting in differences in the participants approach and definition of mentoring.

The present study explored how older adults adapt to the negative changes that often occur as people age. This study sought to provide a comprehensive investigation of how the positive psychology variables of hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy might work together to serve as protective factors against the potentially deleterious impact of negative environmental variables on the subjective well-being of older adults. The negative environmental variables examined in this study included declining health status, lower social support, and negative life events (e.g., loss of spouse, reduced income, etc.). In this study, the subjective well-being in older adults is defined as an overall sense of satisfaction with life, high positive affect, and low negative affect. This study examined three primary hypothesized models, each investigating how positive internal dispositional factors (as measured by taking the composite of hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy), work together to mediate the relationship between the components of subjective well-being and a different environmental variable for each model. Several alternative path analyses models were also run based on modifications to the model that achieved good fit, with the goal of evaluating whether the individual positive psychology constructs either fully or partially mediated between certain environmental variables and each of the components of subjective well-being. Although no adequate fits were attained for the models evaluating social support and negative life events, results of this study showed an adequate fit for the model evaluating the positive psychology cluster as a mediator between health status and the subjective well-being components; more specifically, the positive psychology cluster was shown to mediate the relationship between perceived health and two of the three components of subjective well-being (life satisfaction and positive affect). In addition, correlation analyses revealed that the positive psychology variables were all significantly correlated with each other, as well as with the participant reports of life satisfaction, positive affect, and perceived health. These findings suggest that participants who reported higher levels of the positive psychology constructs experienced higher satisfaction with life and positive affect, and perceived themselves as having a lower occurrence of health problems. Overall, these results provide additional evidence for the protective role that hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy may play in maintaining the well-being of older adults.