The use of social media increases and is a natural part of many people's life. The impact of social media on our mental health is a current topic, but yet a relatively new research area. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is any relationship between the use of Instagram and self-esteem. The study also aimed to investigate how personality affect usage and self-esteem. Data was derived from a web-based survey. The survey consisted of three forms; Instagram Intensity Scale (IIS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). A total of 163 participants were included in the study (women, N = 125, men, N = 38) aged 18 to 65 years (M = 26.6, SD = 4.3). The results showed no relationship between Instagram usage and self-esteem. However the results showed that personality impacted the usage and self-esteem. Both extraversion and agreeableness had a positive correlation with self-esteem, and neuroticism was a significant predictor for lower self-esteem. Also, extraversion had a positive correlation with Instagram usage. Further research is necessary to determine the relationship between Instagram, self-esteem and personality. Future research should investigate other aspects of usage and how it affects us. / Användandet av sociala medier ökar och utgör en självklar del i mångas vardag. Sociala mediers inverkan på vår psykiska hälsa är en aktuell fråga, men ännu ett relativt nytt forskningsområde. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns något samband mellan användande av Instagram och självkänsla. Studien ämnade också att undersöka personlighetens inverkan på användandet och självkänsla. Data samlades in via en webbaserad enkätundersökning. Enkäten bestod av tre skattningsformulär; Instagram Intensity Scale (IIS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) och Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). Totalt 163 deltagare inkluderades i studien (kvinnor, N = 125, män, N = 38) mellan åldrarna 18 och 65 år (M = 26.6, SD = 4.3). Resultatet visade inget samband mellan instagramanvändande och självkänsla. Däremot framkom det att personlighet påverkade såväl användande och självkänsla. Både extraversion och vänlighet hade en positiv korrelation med självkänsla, medan neuroticism predicerade lägre självkänsla. Extraversion korrelerade även positivt med instagramanvändande. Det behövs ytterligare studier för att fastställa sambandet mellan Instagram, självkänsla och personlighet. Framtida forskning bör närmare undersöka andra aspekter av användande och dess påverkan.

Objectives Self-esteem may affect the processing and regulation of emotion. However, it is unclear whether differences in self-esteem are associated with changes in initial emotional appraisal or engagement of emotion regulation. I investigated whether individual differences in self-esteem predicted brain responses to negative emotional stimuli: 1) when they were viewed without intentional regulation; and 2) during downregulation using cognitive reappraisal. Thirdly, I investigated whether self-esteem predicted reappraisal success. Method Twenty-nine healthy adults (age M=47, SD=15; 16 female) performed a cognitive reappraisal emotion regulation task during fMRI scanning. Participants viewed and subsequently reappraised or attended to negative and neutral images. Trait self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) was included as a predictor in a whole-brain multiple regression analysis. Analyses were thresholded at p<.005, k>p20, p<.05 family-wise error (FWE)-corrected at cluster-level. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; BA32) and the dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC; BA6) were a priori regions of interest (ROI), since both have previously been reported in fMRI studies of self-esteem and cognitive reappraisal. A post-hoc ROI analysis tested the correspondence of self-esteem-related ACC activation with findings from a meta-analysis of emotion regulation. Ratings of negative emotional intensity following reappraisal trials were subtracted from ratings following attend-negative trials to index reappraisal success. Results Self-esteem was associated with potentiated ACC ROI activation during viewing of negative, compared to neutral, images (MNI x, y, z = -6, 17, 38, k=43, punc=.001 at peak, pFWE=.368 at cluster-level). For reappraisal compared to attended negative images, self-esteem was positively associated with activation in the left posterior insula (MNI x, y, z = -30, -10, 17, k=30, punc<.001 at peak, pFWE=.959 at cluster-level) and negatively associated with activation in the mid cingulate cortex (MNI x, y, z = 3, -34, 35, k=50, punc=.001 at peak, pFWE=.805 at clusterlevel). However, only the post-hoc ACC ROI analysis was significant after multiple comparison correction (MNI x, y, z = -6, 23, 38, k=22, punc=.001 at peak, pFWE=.021 at clusterlevel). For reappraisal, self-esteem was not related to activation in the ACC or dorsal PFC ROIs. Trait self-esteem did not correlate with reappraisal success, r =.16, p =.208. Conclusion Trait self-esteem may affect recruitment of the ACC during initial emotional appraisal. This may reflect successful automatic emotion regulation for high self-esteem, consistent with the demonstrated spatial overlap with a meta-analytic emotion regulation cluster. While selfesteem may affect brain responsivity during cognitive reappraisal, the observed trends must be interpreted carefully, since the findings do not survive correction for multiple comparisons, and emotional outcomes of applying reappraisal do not differ as a function of self-esteem. Taken together, these findings suggest that high trait self-esteem may be advantageous for rapid automatic emotion regulation, but not deliberate cognitive reappraisal.

Through using a Positive Youth Development framework and culturally based education program, Konaway Nikka Tillicum Native American Youth Academy aspires to mentor and prepare Native youth through high school and on to higher education. This collaborative research partnership investigated cultural identity, self-esteem, and academic optimism of Native American youth attending the academy. The results of this program evaluation found that cultural identity, self-esteem, and academic optimism were all closely related to each other as well as that they increased significantly when measured before and after the academy. GPA was found to not be predictive of cultural identity, self-esteem, or academic optimism prior to students attending the academy. Lastly, the relationship between cultural identity and academic optimism appeared to be explained through the indirect effect of self-esteem. The results suggest that culturally based education and positive youth development programs such as Konaway are efficacious in increasing protective factors among Native American youth.

The problem with which this investigation was concerned was to determine whether or not fear of death was related to positive future time perspective and self-esteem.

For Research and Application our group decided to do research on the influence Instagram has through high schoolers' and their self-esteem. The reason we choose high school students is because, a lot of groups within our class were focusing on college students and self-esteem through Instagram. The way we collected our data was by sending out a survey asking question about how many likes were satisfactory to these students and did it influence their self-esteem. We also use Rosenberg's self-esteem scale to see how this influenced their self-esteem. Through this research we found that with the literature reviews Instagram does influence ones self-esteem, but through our survey we found that Instagram does not influence ones self-esteem.

Digital natives, who are born and raised with digital technologies, have a deep affinity with social media. Social media has a great influence over an individual's daily life, even on his/her intimate and romantic relationship. As a breakup of romantic relationships can commonly happen to digital natives, and as it is likely to cause distress and psychological symptoms afterwards, this study attempted to find out the impact of breakups on social media use among digital natives. The quantitate survey was conducted with 175 valid participants between the ages of 18-30. These participants were those who currently live in the United States, who use social media at least once a month, who experienced a romantic breakup in the last six months. The results show that negative self-esteem plays a key role between breakup-associated factors and a strong attachment to social media use in their daily lives. Negative self-esteem mediates social media use with a breakup initiation status or depression prompted by breakup. Negative self-esteem also arises when a person's perceived responsibility towards the breakup or the cause of the breakup is high when they are rejected by their partner.

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Intrinsic Spirituality has been linked to lower rates of depression and anxiety and higher positive mental functioning (Pargament, Exline & Jones, 2013). This may be due in part to beliefs which foster values that are important to positive outlook, such as faith, forgiveness, humility, love and community. It is also possible for strongly religious individuals to have maladaptive beliefs that may be problematic for their happiness and adjustment. Understanding how beliefs influence mental health can be helpful to therapists; particularly to those who deal with religious clients who are heavily influenced by their spiritual beliefs. This study looks at the important religious concepts of grace and legalism to identify how they interact with intrinsic spirituality to influence five different positive psychology measures: gratitude, self-esteem, meaning in life, satisfaction with life and optimism. Roughly 560 students from a religious university participated in a self-report survey looking at various spirituality and mental health measurements. Structural Equation Modeling was used to determine if experiencing grace or legalistic beliefs mediated the relationship between spirituality and each of five “life outlook” measures. Moderator analysis was used to identify any interaction effects of grace and legalism on the life outlook variables. Intrinsic spirituality was predictive of belief in grace and negatively predictive of belief in legalism. Belief in grace was also predictive of all five positive mental health measures, and legalism was negatively predictive of gratitude. Interestingly, grace-legalism interaction effects were found for self-esteem, gratitude and satisfaction. Gender differences were significant. Implications for therapy and directions for future research are discussed.

Researchers have found that self-esteem and weight status can impact numerous aspects of an individual’s life, including reproductive health issues. However, there has been limited research specifically examining how self-esteem may affect female sexual functioning. The current study aims to examine whether self-esteem is a significant predictor of sexual functioning, and whether this relationship may change as a function of women’s weight status. Participants consisted of 730 women ranging from 18 to 49 years of age, who were recruited through an online questionnaire. Results indicate that higher levels of self-esteem predict better sexual functioning and weight status was found to be a significant moderator of this relationship; specifically, self-esteem was only found to predict sexual functioning for individuals at average or below-average weight status, and not for individuals who were of higher-than-average weight status. Findings have potential implications for physical and mental health professionals working with individuals trying to improve their sexual functioning.

Although prior research has examined how individual difference factors are related to relationship initiation and formation over the Internet (e.g., online dating sites, social networking sites), little research has examined how dispositional factors are related to other aspects of online dating. The present research therefore sought to examine the relationship between several dispositional factors, such as Big-Five personality traits, self-esteem, rejection sensitivity, and attachment styles, and the use of online dating sites and online dating behaviors. Rejection sensitivity was the only dispositional variable predictive of use of online dating sites whereby those higher in rejection sensitivity are more likely to use online dating sites than those lower in rejection sensitivity. We also found that those higher in rejection sensitivity, those lower in conscientiousness, and men indicated being more likely to engage in potentially risky behaviors related to meeting an online dating partner face-to-face. Further research is needed to further explore the relationships between these dispositional factors and online dating behaviors.