Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Women who are medically underserved may be less likely to obtain provider-based cervical cancer screening because of structural and intrapersonal barriers. Self-collection for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, a method for women to collect their own sample through a vaginal swab or urine collection, has accuracy comparable to provider-based cervico-vaginal HPV testing and may be useful in overcoming barriers to provider-based cervical cancer screening. The purpose of this dissertation study is to examine factors associated with self-collection for HPV testing, psychometrically test Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) instruments, and identify preferences for self-collection for HPV testing. Three distinct aims were developed: 1) factors (sociodemographic, health-related, and theoretical variables) associated with mailed return of vaginal self-collection for HPV testing, 2) psychometric examination of DOI ÷instruments (relative advantages and complexity), and 3) dimensions of self-collection and characteristic preferences to self-collection for HPV testing stratified by age cohorts. This dissertation involved two cross-sectional studies. In Chapters 2-3, data were collected from women (n=168) at food pantries and online. Women were eligible if they were: 1) female, 2) between the ages of 30-65, 3) could read and speak English, and 4) at 2019 federal poverty guidelines for income and family size as defined by the Department of Health and Human Services. Women were not eligible if they had a history of hysterectomy or were adherent to cervical cancer screening guidelines. Logistic regression analyses, item analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, exploratory factor analysis, and tests were used to analyze data. Chapter 4 involved collection of data from an online survey with a sample (n=878) provided by Dynata. Participants evaluated 9 scenarios that varied along 4 attributes: HPV self-collection kit type (vaginal swab or urine collection), HPV self-collection kit delivery (mail, pharmacy pick-up, or clinic pick-up), HPV self-collection kit return (mail, pharmacy drop-off, or clinic drop-off), and HPV test result communication (mail, phone call, or text message). Ratings-based conjoint analysis (RBCA) determined how each attribute influenced the ratings of each scenario.

The notion of learner autonomy is one of the major theoretical constructs studied in L2 learning. Drawing on Deci and Ryan's (1985) Self-Determination Theory (SDT), I sought to investigate and describe L2 learner autonomy and how an educational intervention influences it. The SDT conceptualizing human motivation for learning as existing on a continuum from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation provides ways of measuring learner autonomy and a rationale for educational interventions for developing it. First, Japanese adult EFL learners' characteristics were described in terms of learner autonomy-related psychological constructs (motivation, affect, and strategy use) according to levels of learner autonomy based on SDT. Second, the adapted VSS yielded significant effects on the participants' vocabulary learning and L2 learning anxiety (for the high and low autonomous motivation groups) and social strategy use (for the low autonomous motivation group). Third, the implementation of the adapted VSS into the adult L2 English classes was considered in terms of the development of linguistic and autonomous forms of learning quoting from the participants' quantitative and qualitative responses for this approach. / CITE/Language Arts

In recent years, the requirements for last mile deliveries have increased and therefore it has become important for e-commerce companies to offer their customers different delivery methods to meet their requirements. Because of these increasing demands and requirements, suppliers are given stronger reasons to evolve their delivery methods to achieve a balance between customer satisfaction and efficiency. Therefore, it is important that suppliers know what their customers are asking for. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the factors that lie behind and influence consumers' choice of delivery options when shopping online in Sweden. To answer the purpose, two questions were formulated. The first question concerns the factors that influence customers' choice of delivery options when shopping online. The second question concerns which delivery option among home delivery, pick-up points and in-store pickup e-commerce customers prefer, and the reason behind that. In order to answer the purpose and the questions, the collection of relevant information from previous research has taken place where a theoretical overview of the chosen topic was created. Two focus group interviews were also carried out, which were then analyzed and connected with previous research. The study's findings show that the factors that often underlie customers' choice of delivery options are time, convenience, price, previous experience with delivery failure and, in some cases, Word of Mouth. It was also found that the most preferred delivery option is pick-up points. The reason is that delivery points are often considered to be the convenient option. According to customers, it is also a safe method as the risk of failed deliveries is lower. In addition, it contains an innovation, smart parcel boxes that are appreciated by several customers. / I takt med e-handelsutvecklingen, har kraven på sista milen leveranser ökat och därför har det blivit viktigare att erbjuda kunder olika leveranssätt som uppfyller deras krav. På grund av dessa krav som ökar, får leverantörer starkare skäl att utveckla sina leveransmetoder för att uppnå en balans mellan kundnöjdhet och effektivitet. Därför är det viktigt att leverantörer känner till vad e-handelskunder efterfrågar. Syftet med denna studie är att analysera vilka faktorer som ligger bakom och påverkar konsumenters val av leveransalternativ vid onlinehandel i Sverige. För att besvara syftet formades två frågeställningar. Den ena frågeställningen handlar om vilka faktorer som påverkar e-handelkunders val av leveransalternativ när de handlar online. Den andra frågeställningen handlar om vilket leveransalternativ bland hemleverans, utlämningsställen och hämtning i butik e-handelskunder föredrar, och vad anledningen är till detta. För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna har insamling av relevant information från tidigare forskning skett där en teoretisk överblick om det valda ämnet skapades. Det utfördes även två fokusgruppsintervjuer som därefter analyserades och kopplades ihop med tidigare forskning. Studiens resultat visar att faktorerna som ofta ligger bakom e-handelkunders val av leveransalternativ är tid, bekvämlighet, pris, tidigare erfarenhet av leveransmisslyckande och i vissa fall, Word of Mouth. Det konstaterades även att det mest föredragna leveransalternativet som oftast används av e-handelskunder är utlämningsställen. Detta eftersom att utlämningsställen ofta anses vara det bekväma alternativet. Det är enligt kunderna även ett säkert alternativ då risken för misslyckade leveranser är mindre. Dessutom innehåller det en innovation, paketboxar som uppskattas av flera kunder.

Background: The strong growth of e-commerce and the connected last mile delivery problems as well as the increasing customer demands have driven forward delivery innovations in the past years. One of them, parcel locker networks, were developed and have been growing for several years. However, customers still seem to prefer the traditional home delivery, which is highly inefficient for last mile delivery actors. Thereby, it has to be evaluated whether customers are satisfied with the parcel locker technology and which factors determine the satisfaction.  Purpose: This study aims at evaluating the factors influencing customer satisfaction in regard to parcel lockers. Therefore, relevant constructs about satisfaction and acceptance models in the last mile context were derived from the literature. Method: In order to accomplish our purpose, a quantitative study was conducted using a questionnaire among end customers in Austria and Germany. The proposed framework and hypotheses were analysed by using structural equation modelling. Furthermore, a multigroup analysis was conducted to identify differences between sociodemographic categories.  Conclusion: The results show that perceived ease of use, perceived quality and convenience perception all have an influence on customer satisfaction in Germany and Austria. However, the direct influence of perceived ease of use and convenience perception cannot be confirmed, both constructs are entirely mediated by perceived quality. Furthermore, the multigroup analysis determined significant differences in the gender category for the path between perceived ease of use and convenience perception, in the living area category for the relationship between convenience perception and perceived quality and in the age category for perceived quality and customer satisfaction.