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Suicide prevention in mental health patients : the role of primary careSaini, Pooja January 2015 (has links)
Background: Primary care may be a key setting for suicide prevention as many patients visit their General Practitioner (GP) in the weeks leading up to their death. Comparatively little is known about GPs’ perspectives on risk assessment, treatment adherence, management of and interactions with suicidal patients prior to the patient’s suicide and the services available in primary care for suicide prevention. Aim: This study aimed to explore primary care data on a clinical sample of individuals who died by suicide and were in recent contact with mental health services in order to: investigate the frequency and nature of general practice consultations; examine risk assessment, treatment adherence and management in primary and secondary care; gain GPs’ views on patient non-adherence to treatment and service availability for the management of suicidal patients. Method: A mixed-methods study design including data from the National Confidential Inquiry on 336 patients who died by suicide, data from 286 patient coroner files, primary care medical notes on 291 patients and 198 semi-structured face–to-face interviews with GPs across the North West of England. We collected data on GPs' views on the treatment and management of patients in the year prior to suicide, suicide prevention generally and local mental health service provision. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach. Results: Overall, 91% of individuals consulted their GP on at least one occasion in the year before suicide. GPs reported concerns about their patient’s safety in 27% of cases, but only 16% of them thought that the suicide could have been prevented. The overall agreement in the rating of risk between primary and specialist care was poor (overall kappa = 0.127; p = 0.10). Non-adherence was reported for 43% of patients. The main reasons for non-adherence were lack of insight, reported side effects and multiple psychiatric diagnoses. We obtained qualitative data from GPs on their interpretations of suicide attempts or self-harm, professional isolation and GP responsibilities when managing suicidal patients. Limitations: Our findings may not be generalisable to people who died by suicide and were not under the care of specialist services. GPs recruited for the study may have had different views from GPs who have never experienced a patient suicide. Our findings may not be representative of the rest of the UK although many of the issues identified are likely to apply across services. Conclusion: Suicide prevention in primary care is challenging. Possible strategies for future suicide prevention in general practice include: increasing GP awareness of suicide-related issues and improving training and risk assessment skills; increasing awareness in primary care about why patients may not want treatments offered by focusing on each individual’s situational context; removing barriers to accessing therapies and treatments; and, better liaison and collaboration between services to improve patient outcomes.
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Betydelsen av terapeutisk allians vid behandling av självskadebeteende hos unga kvinnorNordenberg, Cornelia, Pantzar, Patricia January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund: Den terapeutiska alliansen är den relation som uppstår mellan den professionella och patienten i behandlingskontexten. Tidigare forskning, som vanligtvis vinklas från den professionellas perspektiv, har visat att en terapeutisk allians gynnar patientens återhämtning och tillfrisknande. Detta är något som både de professionella och patienter anser vara en positiv grund för ett återhämtningsinriktat arbete och därför har vi i denna studie valt att ha vinkeln från ett patientperspektiv. Den form av självskadebeteende som tas upp i denna uppsats är den som inte är av intentionen att ta sitt liv. Vanliga orsaker för självskadebeteende är för att slippa uppleva tomhetskänsla, straffa sig själv eller för att hantera jobbiga känslor. Teorierna som använts vid analysen av den insamlade datan är objektrelationsteorin och anknytningsteorin, då dessa teorier tar upp erfarenheter från tidigare relationer som kan komma att påverka nutida och framtida relationer och kan påverka individernas tillfrisknande. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka betydelsen av den terapeutiska alliansen, vid behandling av självskadebeteende och eventuell bakomliggande problematik hos unga kvinnor mellan 20–29 år. Vi ville ta reda på om patienter med erfarenhet av behandling vid självskadebeteende anser att den terapeutiska alliansen hade en gynnande effekt vid behandlingen. Metod: Denna studie är en kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer både fysiskt och online. Vi valde att intervjua fyra tidigare patienter då vi anser att deras egenlevda erfarenhet och deras infallsvinkel av den terapeutiska alliansen är viktig att både lyfta och synliggöra då deras röst sällan har blivit hörd i tidigare forskning.Resultat: Resultatet i denna studie har visat sig i fyra olika teman. Dessa teman är ”problematik kopplat till självskadebeteende”, ”önskvärda egenskaper hos professionella”, ”icke önskvärda egenskaper hos professionella” och ”hjälpande relationer utanför vården”. Genomgående för alla teman är att den terapeutiska alliansen är en viktig grund för patientens tillfrisknande, och att den professionellas bemötande är av stor vikt vid detta relationsskapande. Detta då grunden för att en behandling ska ha ett positivt utfall då relationen mellan professionell och patient är av betydelse för att patienten ska känna trygghet och förtroende för den professionella. Grunden för en fungerande relation, vilket skapar den terapeutiska alliansen, är att patienten känner en trygghet i att möta den professionella i varje enskilt möte. Konklusion: Det vi kom fram till i denna studie var att den terapeutiska alliansen har en stor betydelse och inverkan för hur patienterna upplever behandling, och därmed hur utfallet av behandlingen blir. Intervjupersonerna föredrog professionella som mötte dem med trygghet, lugn, värme, omsorg och vid behov vågade gå utanför ramarna. Behovet är stort för att möta varje enskild individs individuella behov och den terapeutiska alliansen behövs för att varje patient ska känna sig sedd och hör och bli mött precis där den befinner sig – i varje enskilt möte. Nyckelord: Terapeutisk allians, självskadebeteende, relationer. / Background: The therapeutic alliance is the relationship that arises when the professional and the patient meets during treatment. Previous research, which often is from the professional’s perspective, has shown that the therapeutic alliance promotes a positive outcome for the treatment. This is something that both professionals and patients consider to be a positive basis for the recovery-oriented practice. That is why we have decided to have the patients perspective in this study. The form of self-harm we are writing about in this study is the non-suicidal self-injury. Self-harming is a common thing to do when to avoid experiencing feelings of emptiness, to punish yourself or to deal with tough feelings. The theories that has been used to analyze the collected data is object relation theory and attachment theory. We chose to use these two theories because both of them describe previous relationships that might affect present and future relationships and that might also affect the recovery of every individual. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the importance of therapeutic alliance, when treating young females between 20-29 years with non-suicidal self-injury and other underlying issues. We wanted to find out if the patients with experience of treatment for self-harm considers that the therapeutic alliance had a beneficial effect during treatment. Method: This study is a qualitative study with semi structured interviews, done both in real life and online. We choose to interview four previous patients that have own experience from mental illness and self-harm, that is because we consider their angle of the therapeutic alliance is important to make visible, because their voice rarely has been heard in previous research. Results: The results of this study have been shown in four different themes. These themes are; ”problems related to self-harming”, ”desirable characteristics with professionals”, non-desirable characteristics with professionals” and ”helpful relationships outside of professional care”. The common thing for all of these themes are that the therapeutic alliance is an important basis for the patients recovery, and how the professional chooses to meet and help the patient is of great importance to create a good relationship. A positive outcome for a treatment has its basis in the relationship between the professional and the patient, and the patient needs to trust and feel safe in that relationship. The basis is that the patient feels safe every single time that the patient meets the professional. Conclusion: What we found in this study was that the therapeutic alliance has a big difference and impact when it comes to the patient's experience of the treatment. And that also affects the outcome of the treatment. The people that we interviewed preferred professionals that had characteristics such as being safe, calm, caring and when necessary dared to break some rules. These days the requirement to meet every individuals needs is big and the therapeutic alliance is needed so each patient can feel seen, heard and get the attention it needs - in each individual meeting. Keywords: Therapeutic alliance, self-harm, relations.
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Learning from experience: a longitudinal investigation of the consequences, frequency, and versatility of nonsuicidal self-injuryRobillard, Christina Lauren 26 July 2020 (has links)
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to direct and deliberate damage of one’s bodily tissue without the intent to die. Although NSSI abates over time for most young people, 8-32% of those with a history of NSSI exhibit a severe pattern of engagement characterized by high or increasing NSSI frequency (i.e., number of episodes) and versatility (i.e., number of methods). Unfortunately, despite these markers of NSSI severity conferring risk for psychosocial dysfunction and suicidal behaviour, the mechanisms that explain why NSSI increases in frequency or versatility are poorly understood. Behavioural models of NSSI propose that experiencing desirable emotional and social consequences following NSSI is a key mechanism that increases the intensity/strength of the behaviour. Yet, behavioural models of NSSI do not specify whether experiencing more desirable consequences relative to other people (i.e., between-person) or experiencing more desirable consequences relative to one’s own average (i.e., within-person) more strongly predicts future NSSI severity. To address this gap in theory, the present study investigated the influence of between- and within-person desirable NSSI consequences on the frequency and versatility of NSSI over four lags spaced three months apart. 210 adolescents and adults (93.81% female, Mage = 22.95 [SD = 7.17]) with a history of NSSI were recruited from NSSI communities on social networking websites and completed self-report surveys assessing the desirable consequences, frequency, and versatility of NSSI every three months for one year. At the within-person level, time-lagged hierarchical linear models revealed that experiencing more desirable emotional consequences following NSSI at TimeT, relative to one’s own average, was unrelated to NSSI frequency at TimeT+1, but predicted a rise in NSSI versatility at TimeT+1. Conversely, experiencing more desirable social consequences following NSSI at TimeT, relative to one’s own average, predicted a decrease in NSSI frequency at TimeT+1, but was unrelated to NSSI versatility at TimeT+1. At the between-person level, neither desirable emotional consequences nor desirable social consequences of NSSI predicted NSSI frequency or versatility during the study. While only partially consistent with behavioural models of NSSI, these results suggest that: (1) desirable emotional and social consequences of NSSI exert opposing influences on NSSI severity, (2) within-person increases in desirable emotional consequences of NSSI portend periods of elevated NSSI risk, and (3) empirical tests of behavioural models of NSSI should consider not only how many times but how many ways a person self-injures. By enhancing our understanding of why some individuals persistently self-injure, this study provides a springboard for refining behavioural models of NSSI, advancing longitudinal research on the contingencies that maintain self-injury, and ameliorating intervention efforts that draw on the principle of operant conditioning to reduce NSSI. / Graduate
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Feeling the Urge: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Test the Longitudinal Relationship Between Interocpetion and Multiple Forms of Self-HarmVelkoff, Elizabeth A. 14 July 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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An exploratory study of the relationship between deliberate self-harm and symptoms of depression and anxiety among a South African university populationLippi, Carla January 2014 (has links)
This cross-sectional, exploratory study aimed to determine the prevalence and characteristics
of self-harming behaviours among a sample of South African university students (N = 603),
as well as the relationship between deliberate self-harm (DSH) and symptoms of depression
and anxiety. A battery of instruments, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II),
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) was
administered to participants. Data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics, Chi
Square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression analyses. The findings suggest high rates of DSH
among the sample (46% lifetime prevalence; 36% 12-month prevalence). No significant
gender differences were found in the rates of DSH. Participants from the combined Asian
and Coloured racial group reported significantly higher rates of DSH than both White and
Black participants. Participants aged 20-21 were significantly more likely to report DSH than
those in other age groups. Overall, depression scores in the sample fell within the normal
range (M = 15.79), while anxiety scores were found to be exceptionally high (state anxiety:
M = 46.56; trait anxiety: M = 48.72). The findings suggest that participants with elevated
levels of depression are significantly more likely to report DSH. A significant, negative
relationship was found between DSH and state anxiety, while a positive yet insignificant
relationship was found between DSH and trait anxiety. The findings of this exploratory study
partially support the findings of international research investigating the relationship between
DSH and depression and anxiety, but warrant further exploration in order to better understand
the complexities of these relationships, particularly in the South African context. / Mini-Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Psychology / MA / Unrestricted
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The affordances of narrative group music therapy with adolescents who self harmLotter, Sané 18 May 2018 (has links)
This qualitative study examined how adolescent participants who self-harm narrate motivations for and experiences of self-harm and what a narrative group music therapy process could afford them. Seven participants from a high school in South Africa who engage in self-harm attended narrative group music therapy sessions for six weeks. Multiple interventions were used to create opportunities for self-expression within sessions. Narratives that emerged during this therapeutic process were analysed. Five main narratives were identified: “who I am, becoming and strive to be,” “relationships,” “worldview,” “self-harm,” “music therapy.” / Mini Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Music / MMus / Unrestricted
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Att vårda patienter med självskadebeteende inom den psykiatriska vården : En litteraturstudie med integrativ ansats.Karlsson, Therese January 2020 (has links)
Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende är ett vida utbrett problem världen över och år 2016 vårdades omkring 6900 personer i Sverige för självskadebeteende. Orsakerna till självskadebeteende kan skilja sig åt mellan olika personer och kan bland annat bero på trauma, depression, ångest eller misshandel. Vårdpersonalen kommer ofta i kontakt med patienter som skadar sig själva, där vårdpersonalens föreställningar och attityder skulle kunna inverka på bemötandet och vården av dessa patienter. Syfte: Belysa vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med självskadebeteende inom den psykiatriska vården. Metod: Litteraturstudie med integrativ ansats. Tolv studier inkluderades med antingen en kvantitativ eller kvalitativ ansats, som ligger till grund för resultatet. Analysen genomfördes med stöd av Whittemore och Knafl (2005) i fem steg. Resultat: Analysen genererade fyra kategorier: känslomässigt utmanande, svårigheter att vara professionell och tillämpning av olika interventioner, samt, förutsättningar för ett professionellt förhållningssätt. Slutsats: Föreliggande studie belyste att vården var känslomässigt umanande och visade på brister i bemötande, kunskaper, vård och behandling gällande patienter med självskadebeteende. Bristerna skapade missförstånd och konfliker som påverkade vården negativt, samt ökade patientens självskadebeteende. Genom föreliggande studie kan det antas att en utveckling av vården kring patienter med självskadebeteende kan resultera i ett gott bemötande, samt en gynsam vård och behandling genom utbildning av vårdpersonalen, införande av en alliansbaserad eller lösningsfokuserad vård, samt upprättande av vårdplaner med återinläggning vid försämrat mående. / Background: Self-harm is a worldwide problem and the year 2016 6900 people were admitted to hospital care in Sweden because of their self-harm. The reasons to self-harm vary between people and the cause can be trauma, depression, anxiety or abuse. Healthcare professionals are regularly exposed to patients who self-harm, where the professionals beliefs and attitudes can impact on the care and treatment the patient get. Aim: Highlight the healthcare professionals experience in caring for patients with self-harm in psychiatric care. Method: Literature review with integrative design. Including twelve studies with qualitative or quantitative design, for the foundation of the results. Analysis where conducted in support of Whittemore and Knafl (2005) in five steps. Results: The analysis generated four categories, Emotionally unmanageable, Difficulties in being professional, Application of various interventions, and Presumption for a professional approach Conclusion: The present study highlighted that the care was emotionally unmanageable and showed deficiencies in attending, knowledge, care and treatment regarding patients with self-harm. The deficiencies created misunderstandings and conflicts that negatively affected the care, and increased the patient's self-harm. By the present study, it can be assumed that a development of care around patients with self-harm can result in a good response, as well as favorable care and treatment through training of the healthcare staff, the introduction of an alliance-based or solution-focused care, and the establishment of care plans with re-admission in the event of deterioration.
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Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med ett självskadebeteende : En deskriptiv litteraturstudieAhlmström, Sandra, Sarenbrink, Hanna January 2021 (has links)
Background: About 50 years ago, self-injurious behavior was considered rare, a symptom associated with psychosis or suicidal thoughts. In today's society, self-injurious behavior is a widespread phenomenon, especially among adolescents and adults dealing with mental illness in different ages. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to describe and compile nurses' experiences of caring for patients with self-injurious behavior. Method: A descriptive literature study made up of ten scientific articles. Main results: Nurses in the care of patients with self-injurious behavior described experiences of relationship-building care, the importance of specific knowledge, empathy and professional distance, and the support from colleagues. Conclusion: The results of the literature study showed that several different components were important, these were; relationship-building care, lack of time and staff, the support of colleagues, the importance of specific knowledge as well as empathy and professional distance. These components form the basis for the nurse, to the best of her ability, to care for patients with self-injurious behavior in an adequate way of working. / Bakgrund: För ca 50 år sedan ansågs självskadebeteende vara sällsynt, ett symtom i samband med psykossjukdomar eller suicidbenägenhet. I dagens samhälle är självskadebeteende ett brett fenomen, särskilt hos ungdomar och vuxna som lider av psykisk ohälsa i olika åldrar. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva och sammanställa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med ett självskadebeteende. Metod: En deskriptiv litteraturstudie uppbyggd av tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Huvudresultat: Sjuksköterskor i vårdandet av patienter med ett självskadebeteende beskrev erfarenheter av relationsskapande vård, vikten av specifik kunskap, empati och professionell distans samt kollegialt stöd. Slutsats: I litteraturstudiens resultat framgick det att flera olika komponenter var av betydelse, dessa var; relationsskapande vård, tidsbrist, kollegialt stöd, vikten av specifik kunskap samt empati och professionell distans. Dessa komponenter ligger till grund för att sjuksköterskan enligt sin bästa förmåga ska vårda patienter med ett självskadebeteende på ett adekvat arbetssätt.
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Attityder till personer med självskadebeteende : En litteraturstudie ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv / Attitudes to self-harm : A literature study from a nurse’s perspectiveThorsén, Alice January 2021 (has links)
Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende kan vara ett impulsivt och upprepat beteende. Självskadebeteende är oftast inte menat för att personen ska dö, utan lindra den psykiska smärtan. Det är viktigt att relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient utgår från respekt och trygghet, där sjuksköterskan visar en tillåtande attityd. Sjuksköterskans attityder har en stor påverkan på omvårdnaden. Synen på psykisk ohälsa är oftast negativ och därför görs denna studie för att kunna förbättra omvårdnaden. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors attityder till personer med självskadebeteende. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats, användes som metod. Vetenskapliga artiklar hämtades från PubMed, PsycInfo och Cinahl. Nio vetenskapliga artiklar hittades, varav sju var kvantitativa och två var kvalitativa. Analysen gjordes induktivt. Resultat: Resultatet delas in i kvalitativt- och kvantitativt resultat utifrån de nio artiklar som använts. Det kvantitativa resultatet har två kategorier: negativa attityder och positiva attityder. Det kvalitativa resultatet har tre områden: Negativa attityder, positiva attityder, attityder relaterat till kunskap och erfarenhet. Resultatet visade att de sjuksköterskor med lägre kunskap och erfarenhet hade mer negativa attityder, jämfört med de sjuksköterskor som hade mer kunskap och erfarenhet. Sjuksköterskornas attityder påverkades även av ålder, stigma samt mötet mellan patient och sjuksköterska. Diskussion: Studiens metod diskuterades, i metoddiskussionen, utifrån fyra trovärdighetsbegrepp; trovärdighet, pålitlighet, bekräftelsebarhet och överförbarhet. I resultatdiskussionen diskuterades tre områden; kunskap och erfarenhet, stödjande och stigma. Sjuksköterskors attityder till personer med självskadebeteende påverkas av kunskap, stigma och mötet mellan sjuksköterska och patient
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Hur vården upplevs av personer med självskadebeteende : en litteraturöversikt / How people with self-harm behavior experience healthcare : a literature reviewAgdell, Ingrid, Valdre, Mikko January 2020 (has links)
Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende väcker många känslor och det förekommer en del missförstånd om fenomenet. Beteendet är sannolikt mer vanligt förekommande bland kvinnor än hos män och debuterar ofta i tidiga tonåren men kan drabba vem som helst. Att vårda personer med självskadebeteende är en utmaning för personal inom hälso- och sjukvården. Därför är det viktigt att belysa hur personer med självskadebeteende beskriver sina upplevelser om vad som kan utgöra betydelsefulla vårdinsatser. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur personer med självskadebeteende beskriver möten med vården. Metod: En litteraturöversikt av 12 kvalitativa artiklar har utförts för att på ett systematiskt sätt redogöra för den forskning som gjorts inom det specifika området. Resultat: Personer med självskadebeteende upplevde både avsaknad och tillgång till förtroliga mellan-mänskliga relationer med vårdpersonal. Inom heldygnsvården kunde de mötas av oförstående och respektlös vårdpersonal som var mer intresserad av regler och uppfostrande än av individer i behov av vård och mellan-mänskliga relationer. Ett av de främsta hindren för återhämtningsprocessen var exponeringen för andra personers självskadebeteende. Det som upplevdes främjande för mellan-mänskliga relationer var personal som var genuint omtänksamma och tog sig tid att verkligen lyssna på varje individs unika berättelse. Om det fanns en ömsesidig och förtrolig vårdrelation, fanns en större benägenhet att söka vård i framtiden. Diskussion: Metoden och resultatet diskuteras mot bland annat bakgrund, vårdteoretisk utgångspunkt, lagar, kompetensbeskrivningar och vetenskapliga artiklar. / Background: Self-harm behavior evokes many emotions and there is some misunderstanding about the phenomenon. The behavior is likely to be more common amongst women than men and often starts in the early teens but can affect anyone. Caring for people with self-harm behavior is a challenge for healthcare professionals. Therefore it is important to clarify how people with self-harm behavior describe their experiences of what may represent significant care interventions. Aim: The aim was to find out how people with self-harm behavior experience healthcare. Method: A literature review of 12 qualitative articles has been carried out to systematically account for the research done in the specific field. Results: Individuals with self-harm behavior experienced both a lack of and access to trustful interpersonal relationships with healthcare professionals. In inpatient care they could be met by incomprehensible and disrespectful nursing staffs who were more interested in rules and upbringing than by individuals in need of care and interpersonal relationships. One of the main obstacles to the recovery process was the exposure to other people's self-harm behavior. The foundation for an interpersonal relationship was staffs that were genuinely thoughtful and took the time to really listen to each individual's unique story. If there was a mutual and trustful care relationship there was a greater tendency to seek care in the future. Discussion: The method and result are discussed towards the background, the theory of care, laws, competence descriptions and scientific articles.
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