There is a surprising dearth of research related to the phenomenon of self-injurious behavior/nonsuicidal self-injury (SIB/NSSI), such as cutting. Research conducted on SIB has revealed that this maladaptive behavior is more common among adolescents than other populations. The act of posting SIB on social media deserves research attention, as it seems to contradict what had previously been considered a very private behavior. The goal of this qualitative case study was to better understand why adolescents engage in SIB as well as investigate why they post these behaviors on social media. Merton's theory of social strain and anomie, which focuses on impulse control and management being dependent on having social order; Erikson's developmental stages, specifically Identity Versus Role Confusion; and Siegel's research with the adolescent brain were used for the study's theoretical framework. A qualitative observational case study of 30 YouTube videos was conducted to examine what individuals posted about their SIB, why individuals engaged in SIB, and why individuals posted their SIB on social media. Explanations for posting SIB on YouTube ranged from describing the actual objects used for self-harm to expressing shame for engaging in the behavior. The responses for engaging in SIB revealed that the need for self-expression was significant and that the behavior was a means for coping with mental illness or trauma, familial conflict, or some shame related to a failure to conform to social norms. The implications for positive social change include an increased awareness of this behavior for parents, teachers, medical personnel, and mental health providers to better inform treatment and interventions.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a form of psychopathology characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability with emotion regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and sense of self. While not a required diagnostic marker, the majority of individuals with BPD engage in some form of deliberate self-harm (e.g., suicide attempts, nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior) or suicide-related behavior (e.g., suicidal ideation, suicide threats). Longitudinal data from a sample of adolescent psychiatric inpatients who were hospitalized for deliberate self-harm and suicide-related behavior were followed for 5 years to investigate whether deliberate self-harm or suicide-related behaviors predicts BPD at 3-year follow-up and 5-year chart review. The extant data set consisted of 132 consecutively admitted adolescent psychiatric inpatients who completed a series of self-report questionnaires assessing deliberate self-harm and suicide-related behaviors, maladaptive familial behavior, peer victimization, and emotion regulation difficulties. Data regarding index psychiatric hospital admission diagnoses, childhood maltreatment, and BPD diagnoses were abstracted from the patient’s medical and psychiatric records and BPD was also assessed though a structured clinical interview. Suicide threats were the only variable found to be predictive of BPD at 5-year chart review. Other empirically (e.g., history of childhood maltreatment, maladaptive familial behavior, and peer victimization) and theoretically (e.g., emotion regulation difficulties) grounded constructs were also examined and were not found to be predictive of BPD in the current study. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate prospective associations between deliberate self-harm and suicide-related behaviors and BPD. Future directions and limitations of the research are discussed.

The aim of this thesis is to map self-harm characteristics of adolescents with personal history of traumatic experience including the purpose and development of self-harm over time. First, in the theoretical section of this paper, the developmental stage of adolescence and its risks for engaging in self-harm is portrayed. Then, the topic of trauma, its diagnostic background and neurobiological impact is described, followed by chapter about self-harming itself, its forms, frequencies, functions, etiology and its association with suicide. By the end of this section the role of adolescent resilience in coping with the impact of trauma and self-harm is discussed. The follow up empirical research project of qualitative nature conducted under Dětské krizové centrum includes a set of case studies that were holistically evaluated for all aspects of self- harm and its development over time. Keywords Adolescence; trauma; child abuse neglect; self-harm; suicide; resilience.

No description available.

Background: Self-harming behavior among adolescents has increased over the years and is the second most common cause of death among adolescents. Nurses who meet these teenagers in healthcare and schools have a central role in promoting the health of adolescents and analyzing risks in different forms of behavior. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to explore nurses' experiences of working with adolescents with self-harming behavior.Method: A general literature study with an inductive approach that is basedon nine scientific articles. Results: It appeared that education about selfharm and knowledge on how to manage self-harming behavior was requested by the nurses. It could generate a positive development for adolescents with self-injurious behavior, but also for the nurses who meet these adolescents. The challenge lies in the fact that nurses feel fear about the subject or set their own values and step away from the professional boundary. Conclusion: By highlighting the lack of resources, competence and the problems facing future development, the subject can be raised and generate more research and resources around self-harming behavior / Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende hos tonåringar har ökat genom åren, och ärglobalt sett den näst vanligaste dödsorsaken bland tonåringar.Sjuksköterskor som möter dessa tonåringar inom sjukvård och skola, har encentral roll i att främja tonåringars hälsa och analysera risker i olika formerav beteende. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att utforskasjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta med tonåringar medsjälvskadebeteende. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansatssom utgår från nio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Det framkom attutbildning kring och kunskap om hantering av självskadebeteendeefterfrågades av sjuksköterskorna. Utbildning kunde generera en positivutveckling för tonåringarna, men även för sjuksköterskorna som möttetonåringarna. Utmaningen berodde på att sjuksköterskor ofta kände enrädsla kring ämnet eller hade egna värderingar och gick ifrån denprofessionella gränsen. Konklusion: Genom att belysa avsaknaden avresurser och kompetens samt problematiken inför den framtidautvecklingen, kan ämnet lyftas och generera i mer forskning och resurserkring självskadebeteende.

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa är ett stort folkhälsoproblem i världen och i Sverige. I många fall är det sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvården som erbjuder den inledande vården för personer med självskadebeteende. Både sjuksköterskor och patienter upplever att akutsjukvården är bristfällig och att akutsjukvårdsmiljön är dåligt anpassad för patientgruppen. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta personer med självskadebeteenden inom akutsjukvården. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes med en induktiv ansats. Resultat: Tio vetenskapliga resultatartiklar användes i studien. Tre huvudkategorier identifierades: känslor, brister inom vården, kompetensbrist. Sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom akutsjukvården känner att de inte har tillräcklig utbildning, vana och erfarenhet för att vårda personer med självskadebeteende. Konklusion: Träning, utbildning och praktiska strategier krävs för att personer med självskadebeteende ska bemötas med medkänsla, respekt och värdighet inom vården. / Background: Mental illness is a big public health problem in the world and in Sweden. In many cases it’s the emergency nurses who provides the initial care for persons with self-harm behavior. Both nurses and patients experience deficiency in the emergency care and that the emergency care environment isn’t suited for this type of care. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses´ experiences of encountering persons with self-harming behavior within the emergency care. Method: A literature study was conducted with an inductive approach. Result: Ten scientific result articles were used in the study. Three main categories were identified: emotions, deficiency in healthcare, lack of competence. Nurses who are working in the emergency care feels that they don’t have enough education, practice and experience to be able to provide the best care for persons with self-harm behavior. Conclusion: Training, education and practical strategies are required for persons with self-harming behavior to be treated with compassion, respect and dignity.

No description available.

Background: Self-harm is an old phenomenon. There is no distinct definition of it, though, nor is there enough research on how nurses and nurses’ assistants experience caring for people with self-harm. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore nurses and nurses’ assistants’ experiences of caring for people with physical self-harm behaviour. Methods: This is a literary study based on eight qualitative studies. Database search was conducted in Cinahl and PubMed. The articles were analyzed using Friberg’s five step model. Results: The results showed that caring for people with self-harm behaviour is seen as difficult in many ways, according to the participants. The care given was affected by the nurses and nurses’ assistants’ emotions and attitudes, but also by organizational and financial factors. Conclusion: Caring for people with self-harm behaviour is hard and stressful, but also rewarding according to the participants. It is a complex group of patients, why knowledge and education are required. Nurses and nurses’ assistants consider it to be important in order to provide good care. Support from both colleagues and managers is also important to nurses’ and nurses’ assistants and having adequate resources available. Further research on what can be done to improve nurses and nurses’ assistants’ experiences of the care given is needed. / Bakgrund: Självskadebeteende har funnits sedan lång tid tillbaka. Det finns dock ingen entydig definition av begreppet. Det finns heller inte tillräckligt med forskning som beskriver hur vårdandet av personer med självskadebeteende upplevs av vårdpersonal. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka vårdpersonalens upplevelser av att vårda personer med fysiskt självskadebeteende. Metod: Detta arbete är en litteraturstudie av kvalitativ ansats där åtta vetenskapliga artiklar hittades efter sökningar utförda i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. De analyserades därefter enligt Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: Resultatet visade att vårda personer med självskadebeteende upplevs av vårdpersonal som svårt på flertalet olika sätt. Vården påverkades enligt vårdpersonalens av deras känslor och attityder, men också av organisatoriska och ekonomiska faktorer. Konklusion: Att vårda patienter med självskadebeteende upplevs av vårdpersonal som både krävande och påfrestande, men också givande. Patientgruppen upplevs komplex att arbeta med, därför behövs mer kunskap och utbildning. Vårdpersonal anser att det är viktigt för att bedriva en god vård. Stöttning från både kollegor och chefer är viktigt för vårdpersonal, och att tillräckliga resurser finns tillgängliga. Vidare forskning om vilka åtgärder som kan utföras för att förbättra vårdpersonalens upplevelser av vården de ger behövs.

Suicidality and self-harm behaviors among sex offenders remain underreported in the clinical literature and are often misunderstood in this complex population. The present study aims to identify rates of suicide attempts and self-injurious behaviors in a sample of 1,184 psychiatric inpatients, 462 of whom are sexual offenders. Between-group comparisons revealed significant differences in history of suicide attempts and self-harm behaviors, with sexual offenders evidencing greater rates of both. Significant psychiatric correlates of suicide attempts and self-harm behaviors among sex offenders varied by group and included a variety of psychiatric symptom presentations. These are compared with the general literature on suicide risk and the sex offender population. Implications for treatment of these behaviors in a sex offender population are discussed.

Empirical research suggests a link between childhood abuse and adult onset of depression, anxiety, personality disorders, and psychosis. Research also suggests a positive relationship between childhood abuse and both self-harm behaviors and suicide. However, important relationships between these variables remain unclear, nor have they been studied within the context of significant comorbidity. The current study looks at the relationship between multiple occurrences of childhood abuse and self-harm behaviors and suicide attempts, within the context of depression, anxiety, borderline personality disorder, and psychosis. We hypothesize that these diagnoses mediate relationships between recurring childhood abuse and selfharm behaviors and suicide attempts. A sample of 494 psychiatric inpatients were used for analysis (54.7% Caucasian, 41.7% African American, 1.6% Hispanic, .5% Asian, .6% Native American, .6% Mixed, and .4% other/unknown). Over half of the patients presented with a mood disorder (55.9%) and/or a psychotic spectrum disorder (61.5%). The study found a positive and significant correlation between abuse history and the presence of self-harm (r=.241, p<.001) as well as number of suicide attempts (r=.176, p<.001). These results were expected and are consistent with the current empirical literature. The significant relationship between abuse and self-harm was mediated by depression (rpartial=.229), anxiety, (rpartial=.234), and borderline personality disorder (rpartial=.211). Similarly, the relationship between abuse and suicide attempts was significantly mediated by depression (rpartial=.166), anxiety (rpartial=.155), and borderline personality disorder (rpartial=.157). This suggests a strong relationship between abuse and self-harm behaviors as well as suicide attempts that is impacted be various psychiatric diagnoses. Depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder serve as significant mediators while psychosis showed no significant influence. These effects are interesting because psychosis is most impacted by biological factors where as depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder are influenced greatly by experience. These findings allow us to better understand the nature of suicide and self-harm behavior within the context of abuse and psychiatric comorbidity in order to help in treatment planning for such individuals.