Inaug. - Diss. - Bonn. / Lebenslauf: p. 59. Bibliography: p. 57-58.

This project traces the historical evolution of warfare and military recruitment in the Senegambia region. It investigates the conscription and recruitment of indigenous troops and their service in royal and jihādist forces, irregular armed groups, and the French colonial military. Whether through the ceɗɗo armies protecting the states of the former Jolof Empire, the sòfa soldiers who fought in jihāds in the interior, or the French-recruited tirailleurs sénégalais, engaging in regular warfare was one of few paths to personal autonomy. Men who embraced a corporate military identity within the caste systems of Senegambia gained power through complex patron-client relationships with civil and religious authorities. For those whose lives were defined by kinship networks, soldiers formed their own stable social category. A second line of inquiry identifies a subset of soldiers known as volontaires sénégalais, professional soldiers who were so integral to the success of the French colonial army in campaigns in the region that they were given compensation and rations on par with European troops, a de facto admission of their military importance. Enlisted Senegalese men became interpreters, porters, recruiters, spies, policemen, soldiers, and non-commissioned officers, playing a decisive role in combat in the territory that would become modern-day Senegal as well as other West African states and kingdoms, particularly Dahomey. Further, this study asks questions about colonial as well as indigenous power relations and caste identity, examining the ways in which access to political and military power structures affected ethnic, caste, and class relationships. It considers the caste identity of Senegalese men who fought in the various realms that make up present-day Senegal and provides a re-examination of their status as “slaves.” Moreover, it focuses on the development of military culture within these groups, the tactics employed in inter-state conflicts and between indigenous states and a burgeoning French colonial army, and the emergence of war making as a vocation. Drawing on studies of martial and organizational culture, this project reorients our understanding of patron-client relationships and provides a new lens through which to view the development of military identity among indigenous troops from Senegambia.

Various aspects of Osprey biology, Pandion h. haliaetus, were studied from museum specimens and in the field. Size, breast markings and crown markings were found insufficient to discriminate populations, but underwing coverts were sufficient. Four subspecies were recognized, corresponding to the Palearctic, North America, the Bahamas and Australasia. However Ospreys can be divided into two groups, a Holarctic group, consisting of Palearctic, North American and Bahaman Ospreys, and the Australasian Ospreys. Ecology was studied in Senegambia during two visits in 1977-80. Over 800 Ospreys were estimated to winter there, mostly at river mouths and in mangrove. Marked Ospreys returned to the same area in consecutive years, and stayed within that area during winter. Dispersion along the coast was random except at a few localities where the birds concentrated. In mangrove, birds were regularly spaced at high tide but went to the coast or more open mangrove at low tide. Along the coast, Fish Eagles, Haliaeetus yocifer, and Ospreys seemed independently distributed, but in mangrove Ospreys avoided hunting in sight of a Fish Eagle, while along rivers and lakes eagles might have excluded Ospreys. The diet consisted mostly of Mugilidae, various Clupeidae, and, during part of winter, of Exocoetidae. Average fish size was generally 200-300 g, but fish were smaller in areas well protected from the open sea. Dive success and search time per capture varied between sites, partly because they were significantly correlated with fish size. Immatures 6 months old were less successful at catching fish than older birds. Foraging efficiency varied from 2.9 to 10 kcal/minute of foraging. Most Ospreys were found in mangrove even though foraging efficiency was lower there. This was most likely because hunting from a perch in mangrove was less demanding than hunting from flight elsewhere. Moult was studied from captured Ospreys and museum skins. A few Ospreys were caught more than once so that the development of the moult pattern of the primaries could be traced. Limits to the growth rate of feathers are emphasized as a major reason for the evolution of the Staffelmauser pattern of moult in large birds. Ospreys do not breed in the tropics, except in Australasia, even though the habitat seemed ecologically suited. In particular, foraging efficiency was as high in Senegambia as on the north-temperate breeding grounds. It is suggested that migrants Ospreys are physiologically inhibited from breeding in the tropics because daylength is too short, while south of the tropic of Capricorn, where migrants might be stimulated to breed, but six months out of phase, they are too scarce to start a permanent breeding population. It is suggested that non-migratory Ospreys have not spread their range south because of the presence of large numbers of migrants in the tropics.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / Typescript. Vita. Bibliography: leaves 205-208.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

No description available.

L’objet de cette thèse est d’analysé les processus de construction de territorialités et de territoires transfrontaliers. Discontinuité géographique majeure, la frontière est traditionnellement définie comme la limite d’un territoire d’Etat, symbole de sa souveraineté. Les frontières Sénégal-Gambie et Sénégal-Guinée Conakry qui gardent cette fonction, créent de nombreux effets-frontières largement exploités par les populations. Les acteurs sociaux et marchands des zones frontalières sénégambiennes, à travers leurs diverses mobilités consécutives à l’effet-frontière connectent divers lieux de part et d’autre de la frontière. Ils produisent ainsi divers territoires, espaces vécus et appropriés. La frontière est ici, lien et couture. Espaces partagés et de fortes solidarités intercommunautaires, ces territoires transfrontaliers sont cependant l’objet de compétitions et de conflits qui sont aujourd’hui pris en charge par les acteurs locaux à travers diverses initiatives de coopération transfrontalière. Le renforcement voire l’institutionnalisation de ces initiatives locales pourrait se faire dans le cadre d’une gouvernance transfrontalière impliquant les diverses familles d’acteurs (société civile locale, collectivités territoriales, Etat). Cette gouvernance transfrontalière bénéficie du processus de décentralisation en cours au Sénégal, en Guinée Conakry et en Gambie et d’autre part, des progrès réalisés récemment par la CEDEAO dans le cadre de l’institutionnalisation de la coopération transfrontalière. Elle pourrait cependant être handicapée par les divergences d’intérêts et les tensions entre les Etats, notamment sénégalo-gambien. / The object of this thesis is to analyze the processes of construction of territorialities and of cross-border territories. Open major geographic, the border is traditionally defined as the limit of a State territory, the symbol of its sovereignty. The borders Senegal-Gambia and Senegal-Guinea Conakry, who keep this function, create many borders-effects widely exploited by the populations. The social actors and merchants of the border areas of Senegambia, through their various motilities, consecutive to the border-effect connect various locations on both sides. Therefore they create various territories, spaces experienced and owned. The border is here, link and separation. Shared spaces and strong communal solidarities, these cross-border territories are however the object of competitions and conflicts which are today supported by local actors through various initiatives for cross-border cooperation. The strengthening or even the institutionalization of these local initiatives could be done within the framework of cross-border governance involving the various families of actors (local civil society, territorial communities, and the State). This cross-border governance benefits from the ongoing process of decentralization in Senegal, Guinea Conakry and the Gambia and on the other hand, the recent progress made by ECOWAS in the framework of the institutionalization of cross-border cooperation. It could however be hampered by differences of interests and tensions between States, including Senegalese-Gambian.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-10-20T12:58:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 beatrizcarvalhodossantos.pdf: 2722624 bytes, checksum: ea3e4cbcac2a5529c7dfe3b2f2a121b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-10-21T13:11:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 beatrizcarvalhodossantos.pdf: 2722624 bytes, checksum: ea3e4cbcac2a5529c7dfe3b2f2a121b8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-21T13:11:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 beatrizcarvalhodossantos.pdf: 2722624 bytes, checksum: ea3e4cbcac2a5529c7dfe3b2f2a121b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A primeira experiência portuguesa na África abaixo do Saara, ainda em meados do século XV, foi marcada pela presença em duas regiões que vieram a formar um espaço integrado; neste trabalho chamada de “Guiné do Cabo Verde”. Esse espaço compreendia tanto as ilhas de Cabo Verde quanto também a costa da Guiné, entre o rio Senegal e a Serra Leoa, na altura de Cape Mount. Os acontecimentos em ambas as regiões estiveram estritamente conectados, uma vez que nas ilhas o povoamento por portugueses em momento algum se descolou das dinâmicas da Costa. O comércio interligado, a presença de escravos e mulheres que vieram a formar a miscigenada sociedade das ilhas foram alguns desses fatores de coesão. Para além disso, muito do observado na formação social insular, devia-se tanto à realidade africana, quanto ao seu passado histórico, marcado por uma crioulização primária. Nesse contexto, indivíduos como André Álvares de Almada, André Donelha e Francisco de Lemos Coelho foram expoentes de um fenômeno social observado tanto na elite das ilhas, como, posteriormente, em outras sociedades Atlânticas. É sobre suas vidas, contexto, trajetórias e obras que esse trabalho se dedica, pensando a formação de suas identidades e reflexos em seus memoriais, produzidos após décadas como comerciantes no espaço cabo-verdiano-guineense. / The first Portuguese experience in sub-Saharan Africa, still in the mid-fifteenth century, was marked by presence in two regions that formed an integrated space, in this work called "Guinean Cape Verde". This area included both the Cape Verde Islands as well as the Guinean coast, between the Senegal River and Sierra Leone, close of Cape Mount. The events in both regions were strictly connected, since in the islands the settlement by Portuguese at no time detached itself from the dynamics of the Coast. The interconnected trade, the presence of slaves and women who came to form the miscegenated society of the islands were some of these factors of cohesion. Moreover, much of what was observed in the insular social formation was due both to the African reality and to its historical past, marked by a primary creolization. In this context, individuals such as André Álvares de Almada, André Donelha and Francisco de Lemos Coelho were exponents of a social phenomenon observed both in the elite of the islands and later in other Atlantic societies. It is about their lives, context, trajectories and works that this work is dedicated, thinking the formation of their identities and reflections in their memorials, produced after decades as traders in the Cape Verdean-Guinean space.

No description available.