This study investigates the question of investigative capacity of South African Police Service general detectives at the local station level with regard to fraud investigation. The research presented in this thesis is based on a qualitative thematic analysis of the systemic investigative capacity of the detectives handling fraud and related offences. Fraud related crimes are consistently dismissed and perceived as less serious than violent crime, yet the impact of fraud affects individuals, organisations, and society. This study includes interviews with n = 15 (83%) participants out of 18 (100%) using a semi-structured interview schedule for data collection. The available literature indicates the increasing incidents of general fraud being inadequately investigated at the local police stations because of investigative incapacity. The complexities of any criminal investigation require sufficient resources to achieve the highest level of investigative performance. In this regard, criminals are gradually outwitting the conventional methods of fraud investigation, especially in terms of technological advancements. The study’s findings reveal how general detectives are systematically tested to their capacity in relation to fraud investigation – inter alia, participants identified the following challenges to meeting investigative objectives: ambiguous general fraud investigation directives, poor training, limited resources, abuse of available resources, unreasonably high workloads, and human resource shortages. These institutional factors need consideration to allow progress in criminal investigation procedures. This study creates the context for the recommendation that a series of systemic reforms be introduced, based on a professional model, pertaining specifically to fraud investigation at the local police station level. This means some of the distinct investigative practices that are effective be inverted and strengthened in recognition of the scope and complexity of general fraud, and the influence this complexity has on investigative methodology. For example, setting up proper and recognised station-level fraud units to handle incoming “general fraud” cases, staffed with trained detectives, who have access to adequate resources. This would create an opportunity to address institutional issues around training to rectify general detectives’ core skill deficiencies prior to them being assigned to criminal cases. Training should include case management, investigative procedures, and the use of technology (to effectively combat digital fraud). Moreover, it is vital to maintain an oversight over the fraud mandates which differentiate the scope of practice between vii specialist and general detectives, with a thorough understanding of what constitutes general fraud and complex, organised fraud. It is furthermore suggested that local and international best practice trends be implemented by general detectives in their fraud investigations. / Thutopatlisiso eno e sekaseka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa go batlisisa jwa matseka a kakaretso a Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Aforikaborwa kwa legatong la seteišene sa selegae malebana le dipatlisiso tsa boferefere. Patlisiso e e tlhagisitsweng mo thesising eno e theilwe mo tshekatshekong e e supang, e tlhatlhoba le go kwala ditiragalo tsa bokgoni jwa go dira dipatlisiso jwa matseka a a dirang ka ditlolomolao tsa boferefere le tse di amanang le tseo. Bosenyi jo bo amanang le boferefere gantsi bo kgaphelwa thoko mme bo tsewa e le bosenyi jo bo sa tsenelelang go tshwana le bosenyi jwa tirisodikgoka, fela ditlamorago tsa boferefere di ama batho, ditheo le setšhaba. Thutopatlisiso eno e akaretsa dipotsolotso le banni le seabe ba le n = 15 (83%) go tswa go ba le 18 (100%), go dirisiwa sejule ya dipotsolotso e e batlileng e rulagane go kokoanya tshedimosetso. Dikwalo tse di gona di supa koketsego ya ditiragalo tsa go se batlisisiwe go go lekaneng ga boferefere jwa kakaretso kwa diteišeneng tsa selegae tsa sepodisi ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya bokgoni jwa go batlisisa. Marara a patlisiso epe fela ya bosenyi a tlhoka ditlamelo tse di lekaneng go fitlhelela tiragatso e e kwa godimo ya patlisiso. Mo ntlheng eno, disenyi di tlhalefetse mekgwa ya tlwaelo ya dipatlisiso tsa boferefere, bogolo segolo mo ntlheng ya tswelelopele ya thekenoloji. Diphitlhelelo tsa thutopatlisiso di bontsha ka moo bokgoni jwa matseka bo lebaganang le teko e e boitshegang ka gona malebana le dipatlisiso tsa boferefere – gareng ga tse dingwe, banni le seabe ba supile dikgwetlho tse di latelang malebana le go fitlhelela maitlhomo a dipatlisiso: dikaelo tse di sa tlhamalalang ka kakaretso malebana le dipatlisiso tsa boferefere, katiso e e bokoa, ditlamelo tse di tlhaelang, tiriso e e botlhaswa ya ditlamelo tse di gona, selekano sa tiro se se kwa godimo moo go sa amogelesegeng mmogo le tlhaelo ya badiri. Dintlha tseno tsa mo setheong di tlhoka go lebelelwa go kgontsha gore go nne le tswelelopele mo ditsamaisong tsa dipatlisiso tsa bosenyi. Thutopatlisiso eno e tlhoma bokao jwa dikatlenegiso tsa gore go itsesewe diphetogo tsa thulaganyo di le mmalwa, di theilwe mo sekaong sa porofešenale, se se totileng dipatlisiso tsa boferefere kwa legatong la seteišene sa selegae sa sepodisi. viii Seno se kaya gore ditiragatso dingwe tsa dipatlisiso tse di dirang sentle di rulaganngwe sešwa le go maatlafadiwa go lebeletswe bogolo le marara a boferefere ka kakaretso, mmogo le tshusumetso ya marara ano mo mokgweng wa dipatlisiso. Seno se kaya, go naya sekai, go tlhoma diyuniti tsa boferefere tse di siameng le tse di lemogwang kwa legatong la seteišene go samagana le dikgetse tse di tsenang tsa "boferefere jwa kakaretso", di na le matseka a a katisitsweng, a a kgonang go fitlhelela ditlamelo tse di maleba. Seno se tlaa dira tšhono ya go samagana le dintlha tsa setheo malebana le katiso go lolamisa tlhaelo ya bokgoni jwa botlhokwa jwa matseka a kakaretso pele ga ba ka rebolelwa dikgetse tsa bosenyi. Katiso e tshwanetse go akaretsa tsamaiso ya dikgetse, tsamaiso ya dipatlisiso le tiriso ya thekenoloji (go lwantsha boferefere jwa dijitale ka nonofo). Mo godimo ga moo, go botlhokwa go nna le tlhokomelo ya dithomo tsa boferefere e e farologanyang tiro ya matseka a baitseanape le a kakaretso, go tlhaloganngwa sentle pharologano magareng ga boferefere jwa kakaretso le boferefere jo bo marara jo bo rulaganeng. Gape go tshitshinngwa gore matseka a kakaretso a diragatse mekgwa ya tiragatso e e gaisang ya selegae le ya boditšhabatšhaba mo dipatlisisong tsa ona tsa boferefere. / Police Practice / D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)

A Educação à Distância é uma modalidade de ensino que permite eliminar a separação geográfica entre educador e educando para atender a um número ilimitado de alunos que estejam em busca de formação, capacitação ou atualização profissional. É também, um processo de auto-aprendizado que é incentivado pela utilização de estratégias didáticas bem elaboradas e adequadas às várias situações vigentes. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo conhecer e explanar a vivência dos alunos do município de Amparo participantes da Especialização em Saúde da Família/UNASUS/UNIFESP, 2012, no processo de ensino-aprendizagem através do ensino a distância mediado por tecnologia e avaliar o impacto da educação permanente na organização dos serviços. Através de um modelo de pesquisa qualitativa, buscou-se estabelecer a percepção dos alunos com relação à metodologia, técnica, estratégias de aprendizagem e mudanças ocorridas nos serviços em que estão inseridos os profissionais capacitados. A metodologia, de natureza qualitativa foi utilizada através de grupos focais como processo de análise, nos encontros presenciais e webconferências, estratificados por eixos estruturantes objeto da pesquisa. O público alvo foram os profissionais formados como especialistas em Saúde da Família pelo curso de UNASUS/ UNIFESP do município de Amparo, 2012. As respostas foram classificadas segundo os eixos estruturantes buscando contextualizar o relato dos atores pesquisados. Após análise e avaliação destes discursos, foram estabelecidas relações e sínteses inerentes ao processo de ensino a distância e avaliação do impacto na organização e implementação dos serviços. Observou-se que, todas as narrativas referem a importância da educação permanente em saúde como eixo propulsor de mudanças nos serviços, e a Especialização em Saúde da Família-UNASUS/UNIFESP foi exímia em qualidade e excelência abrangendo um universo de mais de 4000 profissionais capacitados. Mas oportunamente destacaram, que nem sempre as transformações desejadas acontecem na mesma velocidade do proposto e assimilado pelo curso. Muitos fatores institucionais são barreiras naturais ao avanço de diretrizes e propostas. A práxis da docência traz elementos para que a realidade dos cursos e conteúdos seja apropriada de diferentes formas nos cenários do serviço. Entra neste quesito a habilidade dos profissionais nesta transformação entre o aprendido, apreendido e o executável. A conclusão destaca a importância do reconhecimento que a educação permanente em saúde deve ser sempre incentivada e oferecida aos profissionais, onde seus cenários de prática possam ser reorganizados e fortalecidos, buscando desenvolver propostas qualificadas social e tecnicamente, com aplicabilidade oportunizada por gestores e representantes municipais, estaduais e federais. / Distance Learning is a democratic teaching method that allows eliminating the geographic separation between the teacher and educated to attend an unlimited number of students who seeks graduation or professional refreshment. It is also a self-learning process encouraged by the use of well elaborated teaching resources according to the circumstances and contingencies. The objective of this study was to explore and to expand the experience of the UNASUS / UNIFESP Family Health Specialization Course students from Amparo municipality about the teaching-learning process on technology-mediated distance education and to measure its impact as a continuing education in the service organization. A qualitative research model was used in order to establish the student perception related to the methodology, technique, learning strategies and changes occurred in the services they are related to. In the qualitative nature of the methodology used, the focal groups were used for the analyses process, through face-to-face meetings and web conferences stratified by themes of the object studied. The target audience: professionals from Amparo municipality graduated on UNASUS / UNIFESP Family Health specialization course. The answers obtained were classified by axes to contextualize the researched actors report. After the analysis and evaluation of their speeches, the relations and a summary inherent to the Distance Learning process were established and the impact in the organization and implementation of the service were evaluated. Was noticed that all the narratives concern to the importance of the continuing education in health as a drive shaft of changes in the service. It was also noticed that the specialization was outstanding in quality and excellence. But it was highlighted that the seeking transformation does not always happen in the same velocity as the one proposed by the course. A lot of institutional difficulties are natural barriers to the advance of the guidelines and proposals. The academic praxis brings elements to make the reality of the courses and contents appropriated to different forms in the scenario service. Enters in this point the professional\'s ability in the transformation between the learned and the executable. The conclusion highlighted the importance of the recognition that the continuing education in health must be always incentivized and offered to groups of professionals, where the practical scenarios can be reorganized and strengthened. Seeking to development practical qualified socially and technically with applicability used by the managers and representatives of public power.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-12-01T11:59:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 4992182 bytes, checksum: 52ed8734ff1b5b63c713939ee7da097a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T11:59:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 4992182 bytes, checksum: 52ed8734ff1b5b63c713939ee7da097a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / In the world, a significant number of children still die, before celebrating the fifth birthday, from preventable causes in qualified primary care. Therefore, health care models should be oriented to Primary Health Care and / or structured in accordance with its ordering attributes. Objective: To compare the degree of orientation to the child´s primary health care in basic care units which operate with different models of care. Method: It is a cross-sectional, quantitative and evaluative research in which a total of 1,484 family members and / or caregivers of children under ten years took part. These children were seen in health units which work with different models of care. Data collection was carried out from October 2012 to February 2013 by using the instruments: Primary Care Assessment Tool, Brazil, child version, to evaluate the Primary Care; and the other one covering the families´ socio-demographic and economic data. The analysis was made by means of descriptive statistics with simple frequencies and construction of scores of evaluated attributes, according to the Ministry of Health Manual. To evaluate the most oriented model to Primary Health Care and compare the attributes among the different models, the parametric analysis of variance - associated with Tukey´s multiple comparison test -, and Kruskal-Wallis test - associated with Dunnett´s multiple comparison test - were applied, respectively, both with a 5% significance level. Results: By comparing the models, statistically significant difference was verified in favor of the mixed Basic Health Unit model (p<0,05) to the overall score and superiority to the essential score, even without significant difference. As to the attributes, only the first contact access - use - was satisfactory and did not show any difference between the models. However, among the attributes that showed differences, this was favorable to the mixed model for degree of affiliation, coordination - integration of care, comprehensiveness – available services and provided services, and to the traditional Basic Health Unit model for the dimensions: information system and accessibility. Although the derived attributes have not reached the cut-off point, the models that work with the Family Health Strategy had a favorable difference for family and community orientation. Conclusion: The mixed Basic Health Unit was revealed as the most oriented model to the child´s primary care. This is possibly due to the sum of potentialities of the traditional and the Family Health Strategy models, once even with limitations, they showed overall scores close to ideal. Thus, when integrated into a single structure, they can contribute to improving the work process of the teams towards the reorientation of the child´s primary care. / Por falta de una atención primaria de buena calidad, muchos niños todavía mueren antes de cumplir cinco años en todo el mundo. Para una mejor atención primaria, los modelos de atención a la salud deben estar orientados para la Atención Primaria a la Salud y/o estructurados según sus atributos reguladores. Objetivo: Comparar el grado de orientación a la atención primaria a la salud al niño en las unidades de atención básica que actúan con diferentes modelos de atención. Método: Es una investigación transversal, cuantitativa/evaluativa, realizada con 1.484 familiares y/o cuidadores de niños menores de diez años, atendidas en unidades de salud actuantes en diferentes modelos de atención. Recogemos los datos de octubre de 2012 a febrero de 2013 utilizando los instrumentos Primary Care Assessment Tool, Brasil, versión niño, para evaluar la Atención Primaria y otro observando datos sociodemográficos /económicos de las familias. El análisis fue estadístico descriptivo con frecuencias sencillas y construcción de los escores de los atributos evaluados según el manual del Ministerio de la Salud. Para evaluar el modelo más orientado a la Atención Primaria a la Salud y comparar los atributos entre los diferentes modelos, empleamos el análisis de variancia paramétrica integrado al test de comparaciones múltiples de Tukey y el test de Kruskal-Wallis, asociado al de comparaciones múltiples de Dunnett, ambos con nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados: Verificamos diferencia estadísticamente significativa en favor del modelo de Unidad Básica de Salud mista (p< 0,05) para el escore general y superioridad para el escore esencial, no obstante, sin diferencia significativa. Sobre los atributos, solo el acceso del primer contacto - utilización - fue satisfactorio y no presentó diferencia entre los modelos pero entre los atributos que presentaron diferencia, fue favorable al modelo misto para grado de afiliación, coordinación - integración de cuidados, integralidad - servicios disponibles y servicios prestados incluso al modelo tradicional para las dimensiones sistema de información y accesibilidad. Aunque los atributos derivados no hayan alcanzado el punto de corte, los modelos que actúan con la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, presentaron diferencia favorable para orientación familiar y comunitaria. Conclusión: La Unidad Básica de Salud mista reveló ser el modelo más orientado a la atención primaria en el cuidado al niño. A lo mejor, ese resultado se debe a la suma de potencialidades de los modelos tradicionales y Estrategia Salud de la Familia, pues aunque limitado, presentaron escores generales próximos al ideal. Así, cuando integrados en una misma estructura, pueden contribuir para la mejoría del proceso de trabajo de los equipos hacia la reorientación de la atención primaria en el cuidado al niño. / No mundo um expressivo número de crianças ainda morre antes de comemorar o quinto aniversário, por causas evitáveis diante de uma atenção primária de boa qualidade. Por essa razão, os modelos de atenção à saúde devem estar orientados para a Atenção Primária à Saúde e/ou estruturados em conformidade com seus atributos ordenadores. Objetivo: Comparar o grau de orientação à atenção primária em saúde da criança nas unidades de atenção básica que operam com diferentes modelos de atenção. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, quantitativa e avaliativa, da qual participaram 1.484 familiares e/ou cuidadores de crianças menores de dez anos, atendidas em unidades de saúde que atuam com diferentes modelos de atenção. Os dados foram coletados de outubro de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013, utilizando-se os instrumentos: Primary Care Assessment Tool, Brasil, versão criança para avaliar a Atenção Primária, e outro que contemplou dados sociodemográficos e econômicos das famílias. A análise foi feita por meio de estatística descritiva, com frequências simples e construção dos escores dos atributos avaliados, de acordo com o Manual do Ministério da Saúde. Para avaliar o modelo mais orientado para a Atenção Primária à Saúde e comparar os atributos entre os diferentes modelos, foram aplicados, respectivamente, a análise de variância paramétrica, associada ao teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey, e o teste de Kruskal- Wallis, associado ao de comparações múltiplas de Dunnett, ambos com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Ao comparar os modelos, verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa em favor do modelo de Unidade Básica de Saúde mista para o escore geral (p<0,05) e superioridade para escore essencial, mesmo sem diferença significativa. Quanto aos atributos, somente o acesso de primeiro contato - utilização - foi satisfatório e não apresentou diferença entre os modelos. No entanto, entre os atributos que apresentaram diferença, foi favorável ao modelo misto para grau de afiliação, coordenação - integração de cuidados, integralidade - serviços disponíveis e serviços prestados, e ao modelo de Unidade Básica de Saúde tradicional para as dimensões sistema de informação e acessibilidade. Apesar de os atributos derivados não terem alcançado o ponto de corte, os modelos que operam com a Estratégia Saúde da Família apresentaram diferença favorável para orientação familiar e orientação comunitária. Conclusão: A Unidade Básica de Saúde mista revelou ser o modelo mais orientado para a atenção primária no cuidado voltado para a criança. Isso se deve, possivelmente, à soma de potencialidades dos modelos tradicional e Estratégia Saúde da Família, pois, mesmo com limitações, apresentaram escores gerais próximos ao ideal. Assim, quando integrados em uma mesma estrutura, podem contribuir para melhorar o processo de trabalho das equipes em direção a reorientar a atenção primária no cuidado à criança.

A Educação à Distância é uma modalidade de ensino que permite eliminar a separação geográfica entre educador e educando para atender a um número ilimitado de alunos que estejam em busca de formação, capacitação ou atualização profissional. É também, um processo de auto-aprendizado que é incentivado pela utilização de estratégias didáticas bem elaboradas e adequadas às várias situações vigentes. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo conhecer e explanar a vivência dos alunos do município de Amparo participantes da Especialização em Saúde da Família/UNASUS/UNIFESP, 2012, no processo de ensino-aprendizagem através do ensino a distância mediado por tecnologia e avaliar o impacto da educação permanente na organização dos serviços. Através de um modelo de pesquisa qualitativa, buscou-se estabelecer a percepção dos alunos com relação à metodologia, técnica, estratégias de aprendizagem e mudanças ocorridas nos serviços em que estão inseridos os profissionais capacitados. A metodologia, de natureza qualitativa foi utilizada através de grupos focais como processo de análise, nos encontros presenciais e webconferências, estratificados por eixos estruturantes objeto da pesquisa. O público alvo foram os profissionais formados como especialistas em Saúde da Família pelo curso de UNASUS/ UNIFESP do município de Amparo, 2012. As respostas foram classificadas segundo os eixos estruturantes buscando contextualizar o relato dos atores pesquisados. Após análise e avaliação destes discursos, foram estabelecidas relações e sínteses inerentes ao processo de ensino a distância e avaliação do impacto na organização e implementação dos serviços. Observou-se que, todas as narrativas referem a importância da educação permanente em saúde como eixo propulsor de mudanças nos serviços, e a Especialização em Saúde da Família-UNASUS/UNIFESP foi exímia em qualidade e excelência abrangendo um universo de mais de 4000 profissionais capacitados. Mas oportunamente destacaram, que nem sempre as transformações desejadas acontecem na mesma velocidade do proposto e assimilado pelo curso. Muitos fatores institucionais são barreiras naturais ao avanço de diretrizes e propostas. A práxis da docência traz elementos para que a realidade dos cursos e conteúdos seja apropriada de diferentes formas nos cenários do serviço. Entra neste quesito a habilidade dos profissionais nesta transformação entre o aprendido, apreendido e o executável. A conclusão destaca a importância do reconhecimento que a educação permanente em saúde deve ser sempre incentivada e oferecida aos profissionais, onde seus cenários de prática possam ser reorganizados e fortalecidos, buscando desenvolver propostas qualificadas social e tecnicamente, com aplicabilidade oportunizada por gestores e representantes municipais, estaduais e federais. / Distance Learning is a democratic teaching method that allows eliminating the geographic separation between the teacher and educated to attend an unlimited number of students who seeks graduation or professional refreshment. It is also a self-learning process encouraged by the use of well elaborated teaching resources according to the circumstances and contingencies. The objective of this study was to explore and to expand the experience of the UNASUS / UNIFESP Family Health Specialization Course students from Amparo municipality about the teaching-learning process on technology-mediated distance education and to measure its impact as a continuing education in the service organization. A qualitative research model was used in order to establish the student perception related to the methodology, technique, learning strategies and changes occurred in the services they are related to. In the qualitative nature of the methodology used, the focal groups were used for the analyses process, through face-to-face meetings and web conferences stratified by themes of the object studied. The target audience: professionals from Amparo municipality graduated on UNASUS / UNIFESP Family Health specialization course. The answers obtained were classified by axes to contextualize the researched actors report. After the analysis and evaluation of their speeches, the relations and a summary inherent to the Distance Learning process were established and the impact in the organization and implementation of the service were evaluated. Was noticed that all the narratives concern to the importance of the continuing education in health as a drive shaft of changes in the service. It was also noticed that the specialization was outstanding in quality and excellence. But it was highlighted that the seeking transformation does not always happen in the same velocity as the one proposed by the course. A lot of institutional difficulties are natural barriers to the advance of the guidelines and proposals. The academic praxis brings elements to make the reality of the courses and contents appropriated to different forms in the scenario service. Enters in this point the professional\'s ability in the transformation between the learned and the executable. The conclusion highlighted the importance of the recognition that the continuing education in health must be always incentivized and offered to groups of professionals, where the practical scenarios can be reorganized and strengthened. Seeking to development practical qualified socially and technically with applicability used by the managers and representatives of public power.

This study focused on the association between clients satisfaction with services and the length of time utilizing them. The participants surveyed within this study were from surrounding communities of Central City Lutheran Mission (CCLM) in San Bernardino.

The thesis focuses on specification of intercultural social work, using the example of social service provided by the Residential Centre in Kostelec nad Orlici and the position of Mongolian applicants for international protection. In theoretical part the question of intercultural social work from a perspective of social worker is discussed - philosophical base is stated, scientific findings concerning selected subject are gathered, the situation of Mongolian migrants and the social service is described. Empirical part addresses the client's perception of social service. Using the method of in-depth interviews the research aims to find out how the Mongolian clients understand the social service provided by the Residential Centre Kostelec, whether they claim it useful and whether they see any difficulties in getting use of such service. Some of the insufficiency of provided social service is pointed out and therefore some appropriate arrangements are suggested at the end.

Introduction: Accessible abortion services is a fundamental human right and in March 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated their recommendations for best abortion services practice covering the components Abortion regulation, Services across the continuum of care, Pre abortion care, Abortion care, Post abortion care and Service-delivery options and Self-management approaches. England, Scotland and Wales, the Republic of Ireland, and Northern Ireland have different abortion laws, both currently and historically, but they have strong historical ties to each other, offering a good comparison on how regional difference can impact abortion services. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to investigate the three regions’ abortion service provision using the WHO guidelines as a framework. Methods: A literature review in which 20 articles describing abortion services in the three regions were thematically analyzed using a deductive approach. Results: Access to abortion in all regions is currently safe. However, non-legal barriers, such as lack of trained medical practitioners and conscientious objection, hinder accessibility of care, especially in the Irish regions. Moreover, the accessibility of abortions decreases with higher gestational ages in all regions and women describe a narrative of shame maintained by media and medical staff. The telemedical models introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic has been evaluated as safe, effective and accepted among care recipients Conclusion: Other factors than legal barriers impact the provision of abortion services. These barriers need to be considered when developing abortion service systems. The WHO guidelines serve as a useful tool to evaluate and improve abortion services. / Introduktion: Säker och tillgänglig abortvård klassas som en grundläggande mänsklig rättighet och en viktig tillgång för att främja jämställdhet mellan könen. I mars 2022 publicerade Världshälsoorganisationen en uppdaterad version av sina rekommendationer för högkvalitativ abortvård bestående av komponenterna abortlagstiftning, vård före abort, abortvård, eftervård och tjänsteleveransalternativ och självförvaltningsmetoder. England, Skottland och Wales; Republiken Irland och Nordirland utgör tre olika regioner som verkar under separata abortlagar såväl historiskt som nu. Syfte: Att beskriva de tre regionernas leverans av abortvård med världshälsoorganisationens riktlinjer som utgångspunkt. Metod: En litteraturstudie i vilken 20 artiklar om abortvård i de olika regionerna har analyserats genom en tematisk analys med deduktiv ansats. Resultat: Abortvård bedöms säker i samtliga av de tre regionerna. Icke-rättsliga faktorer, såsom bristande kunskap bland vårdpersonal och samvetsvägran, skapar emellertid hinder för effektiv tillgänglighet av vård, särskilt i Irland och Nordirland. Vidare minskar tillgången till abortvård med stigande gestationsålder och kvinnor från alla regioner vittnar om att abort framställs som något skamligt både i media och inom vården. Telemedicinsk abortvård, som varit tillgängligt under COVID-19 pandemin, har bedömts som säker, effektiv och accepterad bland vårdtagare. Slutsats: Fler faktorer än rättsliga påverkar ett lands tillgång till abortvård och dessa måste tas till hänsyn vid utvecklandet av abortvård. Världshälsoorganisationens riktlinjer utgör ett användbart verktyg för att utvärdera och föreslå förbättringsmöjligheter inom abortvård.

The thesis discusses the conditions of admission assessment of the applicants to a social service home for the elderly . This work compares how 35 selected services home for the elderly provided by the selection of new user requirements with respect to their procedure. The thesis explains the sub concepts such as old age, quality of life, the role of the family in relation to the elderly, social work with the elderly , social service home for the elderly , the role of social worker. The research part consists of an analysis of requests for provision of social services , their attachments and general legislative documents relating to the provision of social services and the selection of a new applicant. Work also focuses on the registration of social services . Last but not least is about ethical aspects related to the selection of a new user.

Contemporary policing in South Africa is similarly beset by some glaring fault lines that are branded by high levels of criminality, power abuses and misconduct within the police ranks. Though it is difficult to quantify how the related issues are perceived by the majority of South Africans, this widespread challenge effectively diminishes the police’s moral right to hold power within communities. Furthermore, the Constitution of the Republic of South African Act (No. 108 of 1996) places the South African Police Service (SAPS) in the frontline against crime and obliges it to protect and secure the inhabitant of the republic and their property, this reads in accordance with Section 205(3) of this Act. However, this will be effective only if the SAPS management consists of employees who are trained professionals with appropriate proficiency and whose integrity is beyond approach. In the light of growing concern about ethics and morality in South Africa, this study present that it is important to gain a better understanding of the natural progression of moral reasoning that comes with maturity. This can be accomplished by evaluating the South African Police Service’s moral right to hold power in the Mankweng area as this study attempt. This qualitative study adopted phenomenography research design to purposively explore perceptions of 20 community members and 5 SAPS management in the Mankweng area. Data was collected using the face-to-face semi-structured phenomenological interview and the data was analysed and interpreted, with the adoption of Textual Analysis (TA). This study establishes that there is no moral alertness of using outreach, educational skills and awareness campaigns by the local SAPS in collaborations with community members and there is a decrease in the resilience of criminal victimisation within the community; coupled with lack of strength regarding the relationship amongst safety and security stakeholders and lack of information sharing about crime fighting initiatives within the community and the police. For the conclusion and recommendations: police actions and an increase of unappealing practices has raised a number of safety concerns among South African citizens, neighbouring countries and perhaps international community observers as well and it is recommended that collaboratively working on these findings can enhance policing in the communal level. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Police Science)

The diploma thesis topic is an impact analysis of how social services affects clients of community living for disabled people. The main goal of this thesis is to answer a question whether the social service leads to decrease of its range. The clients sample of 12 was selected from those who use the service longest. The data analysis of individual service records complemented with qualitative quality available data confirmed the assumed hypothesis. The initial hypothesis assumed that 80% of clients who use the community living for disabled people the longest lead to decreased the need of provided services. The secondary goal of this thesis is to suggest options how to improve the efficiency of provided services to the service providers. This has been accomplished by focus group survey This investigation has led to two proposals for increasing the efficiency of the services provided. Keywords: