The present thesis explores the potential role and implications of technology in elderly care from the users’ perspective. This exploration is undertaken in terms of five empirical studies of a telehealth project and a meta-analysis of their contributions. An important insight emerging from this work is the need to rethink the human subject as a body, rather than as a mere mind using technology. The thesis draws on phenomenology to reconceptualize the user of technology, and on this basis, to theorize about the potential role and implications of technology in care. It concludes that, in combination with humans that integrate technology with their other sensory and emotional capacities, technology can produce affect. The findings indicate that technology can contribute to senior citizens feeling safe, cared for and thereby less isolated. The findings further demonstrate that, because of the perceptual capacity gained from technology, the care workers become aware of new health problems that urgently call for their sensory and emotional responsiveness. On this ground, the thesis challenges the determinist view that technology threatens the essentially ‘human’ aspect; rather, it concludes that feeling and other bodily resources are fundamental in the use of technology. Indeed, technology activates such ‘human’ capabilities. Hence, technology plays a role as a complement for rather than as a replacement of care workers. It increases their work burden by informing them about new needs. This may improve care quality but at an increased cost, which is relevant from a practical perspective. At a more general level, the thesis challenges the dualist legacies in mainstream management research that have sought to divorce mind form body, nature from culture and reason from emotion. It can therefore contribute to broader theoretical developments and fuel existing debates beyond the care setting.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Ο σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η αξιολόγηση των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών και η μελέτη του βαθμού ικανοποίησης των ακαδημαϊκών βιβλιοθηκών όλων των ελληνικών ΑΕΙ. Η αλήθεια είναι ότι έχουν υλοποιηθεί πληθώρα ερευνών σχετικές με την αξιολόγηση των υπηρεσιών των ακαδημαϊκών βιβλιοθηκών στην Ελλάδα. Οι μελέτες που έχουν γίνει όμως, αφορούν σε κάθε βιβλιοθήκη ξεχωριστά. Δεν έχει γίνει κάποια συνολική προσπάθεια μέτρησης αξιολόγησης υπηρεσιών των ακαδημαϊκών βιβλιοθηκών και ικανοποίησης των χρηστών τους. Στην παρούσα έρευνα όπου συμμετέχουν εγγεγραμμένοι χρήστες των ελληνικών ακαδημαϊκών βιβλιοθηκών όλων των ΑΕΙ της χώρας, γίνεται προσπάθεια να αποτυπωθούν αξιόπιστα οι αντιλήψεις, οι προσδοκίες και η πραγματική κατάσταση διάφορων θεμάτων των βιβλιοθηκών αυτών. Ο καθορισμός του ερευνητικού προβλήματος και επομένως του σκοπού της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας, ορίζεται από: Γνώση και χρήση παραδοσιακών και ηλεκτρονικών υπηρεσιών των ακαδημαϊκών βιβλιοθηκών, καθώς και μέτρηση αξιολόγησης και σημαντικότητας των υπηρεσιών αυτών από την μεριά των χρηστών. Εντοπισμός προσδοκιών των χρηστών και πραγματικής κατάστασης σχετικά με τη συλλογή, το προσωπικό και τις εγκαταστάσεις των ακαδημαϊκών βιβλιοθηκών της χώρας. Δηλαδή των τριών διαστάσεων του μοντέλου LibQual, σχετικά με την ποιότητα στις βιβλιοθήκες. Καθορισμός παραγόντων ικανοποίησης χρηστών, καθώς και επιβεβαίωση του μοντέλου που χρησιμοποιήθηκε στην παρούσα εργασία. Ένας τελευταίος στόχος είναι η διαμόρφωση του προφίλ των χρηστών που χρησιμοποιούν τις ακαδημαϊκές βιβλιοθήκες. Το ερωτηματολόγιο διαρθρώνεται σε τέσσερις βασικές ενότητες. Η κάθε ενότητα περιλαμβάνει ερωτήσεις του κάθε στόχου. Τα πρωτογενή στοιχεία αντλήθηκαν με χορήγηση ερωτηματολογίου σε 950 χρήστες Στη συνέχεια κωδικοποιήθηκαν και ακολούθησε η επεξεργασία τους με το στατιστικό πακέτο SPSS 19.0. Επίσης πραγματοποιήθηκε έλεγχος των υποθέσεων που είχαν τεθεί, μέσω της ανάλυσης παραγόντων που ανέδειξαν νέες μεταβλητές οι οποίες μετά από την υψηλή αξιοπιστία και συνοχή τους ( α-Crombach > 0,9 ). Από τα ευρήματα της έρευνας προκύπτουν σημαντικά στοιχεία κατάλληλα για την διοίκηση της κάθε ακαδημαϊκής βιβλιοθήκης, προς βελτίωση των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών και κατ’ επέκταση παροχή ποιοτικότερων υπηρεσιών και τελικά ικανοποίηση των χρηστών τους. Είναι σημαντικό να πραγματοποιούνται παρόμοιες έρευνες κατά τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα, ώστε να εντοπίζονται και να αντιμετωπίζονται έγκαιρα τυχών αδυναμίες και προβλήματ / The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the services and the satisfaction of the users of all Greek academic libraries. A lot of users surveys have been made , however, relate in each library separately. There has been no attempt to measure overall assessment services for academic libraries and satisfaction of users. In the present investigation involving registered users of Greek academic libraries of all universities in the country, trying to reliably reflected the perceptions, expectations and the actual situation of different issues of these libraries. Defining the research problem and therefore the aim of this thesis is defined by: Knowledge and use of traditional and electronic services of academic libraries and measurement evaluation and significance of such services on the part of users. Locating user expectations and the actual situation on the collection, staff and facilities of the academic libraries in the country. Ie three dimensional model LibQual, on quality in libraries. Defining user satisfaction factors and confirmation of the model used in this work. A final goal is to develop a user profile using academic libraries. The questionnaire is divided into four main sections. Each section includes questions for each objective. The primary data are obtained by administering a questionnaire to 950 users Then coded and followed by treatment with the statistical package SPSS 19.0. Also took control of matters raised by analyzing factors revealed new variables after the high reliability and consistency. The survey findings show significant data appropriate for the administration of the academic library to improve services and thus provide better quality services and ultimately satisfaction of their users. It is important to undertake similar surveys at regular intervals in order to identify and address weaknesses early fortunes and problematic

p. 1-156 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T17:40:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 635165 bytes, checksum: bc6484aa1d22996d0a583516a1f269cf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:32:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 635165 bytes, checksum: bc6484aa1d22996d0a583516a1f269cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 635165 bytes, checksum: bc6484aa1d22996d0a583516a1f269cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A inserção da saúde bucal no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) tem sido marcada por conflitos e contradições desde a sua criação. Esta tese, apresentada na forma de três artigos, corresponde ao resultado de uma investigação realizada no município de Salvador-Bahia sobre as práticas de saúde dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CD) que trabalham na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), com foco nos desafios do trabalho em equipe multiprofissional. A coleta dos dados foi realizada nos anos de 2009 e 2010. O primeiro artigo, de natureza quantitativa, teve por objetivo descrever e analisar o perfil e as percepções dos CD sobre o trabalho em equipe multiprofissional, a gestão desse trabalho e a assistência que se realiza em saúde bucal a partir de análise documental, observação direta do trabalho e aplicação de um questionário semi-estruturado a oitenta profissionais lotados em quarenta e cinco Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF). O segundo, de natureza qualitativa, correspondeu à análise das narrativas acerca desse trabalho em equipe multiprofissional (na gestão, na assistência e na promoção da saúde) obtidas de uma sub-amostra de oito CD, a partir de entrevistas em profundidade, grupos focais e observação direta do trabalho, considerando dimensões simbólicas e estruturais. O terceiro artigo, também de natureza qualitativa, buscou focar nas concepções de autonomia, poder e hierarquia que permeiam a dinâmica desse trabalho em equipe. Os achados demonstram que o modelo assistencial assumido pela ESF pouco influenciou na mudança das práticas de saúde bucal: a prioridade continua sendo o pronto-atendimento e há, ainda, uma ênfase na ocupação da agenda com ações assistenciais curativas em detrimento das ações de proteção individual e coletivas. Podemos identificar também entraves nas práticas de gestão, com destaque às limitações das reuniões de planejamento e avaliação nas equipes estudadas, seja pela falta de periodicidade destas, seja na aparente deficiência de reconhecimento destes procedimentos como sendo de construção e responsabilização da equipe, ou ainda na falta de valorização da participação coletiva nesses processos. Além da ineficiência e carência dos recursos humanos, a insuficiência de recursos financeiros e físicos foi também explicitada pela maioria dos entrevistados. A gestão da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) e a Coordenação de Saúde Bucal do Município foi uma das principais dificuldades para o desenvolvimento das atividades de atenção na saúde bucal segundo os entrevistados. Destacam-se ainda outros fatores dificultadores: a precariedade nas modalidades de contratação, a irregularidade na remuneração dos profissionais, a carência de educação permanente, assim como dos problemas de infra-estrutura e de manutenção dos equipamentos. Esta pesquisa traz alguns elementos para o entendimento do trabalho dos CD na esfera pública. Almeja contribuir com a reflexão acerca dos desafios e descaminhos para a consolidação da saúde bucal e sobre a articulação possível das ações de promoção, proteção, curativas e reabilitadores no cotidiano dessas práticas. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:22:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao erika.pdf: 682060 bytes, checksum: 134342a39d7367beba0e759a6d0a5418 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-19 / The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of professionals from the Brazilian Family Health Strategy (BFHS) on the performance of the dental health team in Goiânia-GO, Brazil. We have conducted a qualitative study using focus group technique to collect data. Four focus groups were held with health professionals of the BFHS who had worked with oral health teams for at least one year. Sample included community health workers (N= 11), assistant nurses (N= 5), nurses (N= 4) and doctors (N= 4) from ten BFHS health centers. During data collection professional categories were grouped according to level of formal education. The topics covered were the ideal characteristics for a dentist working in the BFHS, activities undertaken by the oral health team and opinion about the performance of this team. The interviews were transcribed and data were analyzed using a thematic analysis of content. For the professionals interviewed, the characteristics that a dentist should have in order to work in the BFHS are: profile to work in the public health field, communication skills, good interpersonal relationship, ethics, creativity in difficult situations and emotional balance. The respondents perception on the performance of the oral health team is affected by the great volume of treatment needs which result in high demand and short supply, as well as by frequent problems with equipment and resources supply. Although the interpersonal relationship of the oral health team with the other professionals and the community was considered positive, opinion regarding the impact of the actions on the oral health condition of the population covered by the BFHS is divided. / O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a percepção social dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre a atuação da equipe de saúde bucal (ESB) em Goiânia-GO. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo utilizando a técnica de grupo focal para a coleta de dados. Realizaram-se quatro grupos focais com profissionais de saúde da ESF do município que haviam trabalhado com equipes de saúde bucal por um período mínimo de um ano. Participaram agentes comunitários de saúde (N=11), auxiliares de enfermagem (N=5), enfermeiras (N=4) e médicos (N=4) de dez unidades da ESF. Na coleta dos dados, as categorias profissionais foram agrupadas de acordo com o nível de escolaridade. Os temas abordados foram as características ideais para um cirurgião-dentista atuar na ESF, atividades desenvolvidas pela ESB e opinião sobre a atuação desta equipe. As entrevistas foram transcritas e os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a análise temática de conteúdo. Na percepção dos profissionais entrevistados, as características que um cirurgião-dentista deveria ter para atuar na ESF são: perfil para atuar no campo da saúde pública, capacidade de comunicação, bom relacionamento interpessoal, ética, criatividade em situações difíceis e equilíbrio emocional. A percepção dos respondentes sobre a atuação da equipe de saúde bucal é afetada pelo grande volume de necessidade de tratamento que resulta em alta demanda e pouca oferta, assim como por constantes problemas com equipamentos e fornecimento de insumos. Embora o relacionamento interpessoal das ESB com os demais profissionais e a comunidade tenha sido considerado positivo, as opiniões são divergentes sobre o impacto das ações na condição de saúde bucal da população assistida pela ESF.

Estudo descritivo exploratório com o objetivo geral de contribuir para uma avaliação do Projeto Floresce uma Vida em um município do interior do estado de São Paulo, em seus componentes de estrutura e processo desenvolvidos em uma das etapas de sua proposta original, que propõe a articulação da atenção hospitalar com a rede básica de serviços públicos de saúde, na perspectiva da saúde integral ao recém-nascido (RN). Como objetivos específicos buscou-se descrever a área física, os recursos humanos e materiais disponibilizados para a realização das atividades; descrever o processo de trabalho da equipe que atua nas maternidades, incluindo as ações desenvolvidas com a clientela e as articulações com outros setores e serviços do hospital e rede básica de saúde; comparar o processo efetivamente realizado com o preconizado pelo próprio Projeto Floresce uma Vida e pelo Ministério da Saúde; apreender a visão dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos no Projeto sobre a atenção integral ao RN, a partir dos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e da Atenção Primária à Saúde. O referencial teórico foi o modelo de avaliação de qualidade proposto por Avedis Donabedian. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Secretaria Municipal da Saúde (SMS) do município, em três maternidades vinculadas ao SUS, dois Núcleos de Saúde da Família e um ambulatório de atendimento especializado. Utilizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada com os 15 profissionais de saúde envolvidos no Projeto, observação não participante do trabalho executado pela equipe de enfermagem da SMS nas maternidades e análise documental. Identificou-se no documento original, a ausência de dados referentes à estrutura necessária para seu funcionamento, não constando dados relativos aos recursos humanos, físicos e materiais necessários para a realização do Projeto. Mediante a análise das entrevistas os dados empíricos foram agrupados em categorias, emergindo os temas: \"Finalidades do Projeto Floresce uma Vida: as concepções e os avanços\"; \"Acessibilidade: possibilitando a entrada do RN no serviço básico de saúde\"; \"Compreendendo a criança na sua integralidade\"; \"A continuidade do cuidado para mãe e criança\"; \"Coordenação da atenção: compartilhando informações, aprimorando a atenção à mãe e à criança\"; \"Ações que permeiam o trabalho no Projeto Floresce uma Vida e os desafios para a qualidade do cuidado\". A avaliação do processo evidenciou fortalezas, como a freqüente articulação intra e extra-hospitalares, o agendamento do RN na puericultura, o encaminhamento para serviços preventivos quando necessário, a realização de visitas domiciliares diante de situações de riscos e a interação e comunicação entre os diferentes serviços envolvidos. Porém, observou-se certa fragilidade nas relações entre algumas unidades de saúde e outros serviços disponibilizados à criança, como falta de conhecimento do que cada serviço está oferecendo. O desafio atual é revitalizar as articulações entre os serviços de saúde na perspectiva do cuidado integral à saúde, procurando garantir acesso aos níveis de atenção à saúde e a efetividade dos princípios como primeiro contato, longitudinalidade, integralidade e coordenação, em um constante processo reconstrutivo. / A descriptive study that aims to make a contribution to the evaluation of the components of structure and process of the \"Floresce uma Vida\" project in a city in the state of São Paulo. The components were developed in one of the phases of the original proposal and articulate hospital care and public health care, based on newborn integral care. The specific aims are to describe the physical area, human resources and materials available to develop activities; to describe the work process of the maternity team including client and other service sector relationships; to compare activities developed with those recommended in the original project and by the Ministry of Health; to understand the team\'s views on newborn integral care, based on the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) and Primary Health Care. Donabedian model of quality evaluation was used. Empirical data was collected at the Municipal Health Department, three public maternities, two Family Health Units and one specialized outpatient clinic. Semistructural interviews with health teams, non participant observation of team work on maternities and documental analysis were used. We identified that there was no data about the necessary structure for the project to function, nor data about human, physical and material resources in the original documents. From the interview analysis, empirical data was grouped into categories, emerging themes: \"Purposes of Floresce uma vida: conception and progress\"; \"Accessibility: providing access for the newborn into the public health service\"; \"Understanding the child in it\'s integrality\"; \"Continuity of care for mother and child\"; \"Coordinating care: exchanging information to improve care\"; \"Actions of Floresce uma Vida and challenges to improve care\". Process evaluation showed strengths such as: frequent intra and extra hospital articulations; referrals to preventive health services; the making of appointments to start puericulture; requests of home visits especially when risks were identified and interactions and communication between different health services. However, we noted some fragile relationships between health units and other health services, such as poor knowledge about how each service works. Our challenge is to revitalize articulation between health services from the perspective of integral health care. Also to guarantee access to all levels of health care and to respect the principles: first contact, longitudinality, integrality and coordinated care, in a constant reconstructive process.

This dissertation consists of three essays in health economics concerned with measuring the determinants of health care resource utilization and health. In the first chapter, I study entry barriers in healthcare provider markets. In the U.S., proponents of regulatory entry barriers called CON programs claim that they reduce waste by limiting "unnecessary" entry. I examine CON programs in the dialysis industry, where their effects on market structure, access, health, costs, and welfare are poorly understood, and where patients are sensitive to access and quality. I combine quasi-experimental policy variation in low population areas with a structural model of patient preferences to find that marginal entrants improved access significantly, reduced hospitalization rates, and generated for patients the utility value of traveling 275-344 fewer miles per month; but there is evidence that they contributed even more to fixed costs. Using policy variation throughout North Carolina, I also find evidence that the NC dialysis CON program created a mechanism through which incumbents could block potential entrants by expanding in tandem with their local patient populations. Taken together, my findings suggest that stronger regulatory entry barriers in low population areas may raise total welfare at patients' expense---but they also amplify concerns that CON programs dampen competition statewide. In the second chapter, I study an empirical framework commonly used in health economics research to measure the impact of an event over time using observational data: the event study. Dating back to at least Snow (1855), event studies have been used in health economics research to study mortality, health care utilization, health insurance enrollment, provider competition, and much more. Under no anticipation and parallel trends assumptions, difference-in-differences are known to identify the event's average treatment effect on the treated when units experience one event at most. In this paper, I introduce a new event study framework to accommodate settings where units may experience multiple events. I introduce a matching estimator which consistently and transparently estimates the average treatment effect on the treated of a single event under generalizations of the conventional no anticipation and parallel trends assumptions. I show that the matching estimator is equivalent to a weighted least squares estimator for a particular set of weights. I also introduce a parallel pre-trends test which can be used to scrutinize these assumptions in the usual sense. Finally, I demonstrate in a series of Monte Carlo simulations that the estimator and parallel pre-trends test work well for a wide range of treatment effects, including dynamic, non-stationary, and history-dependent treatment effects. In the third chapter, I study when and why emergency departments initiate ambulance diversions, and what happens to diverted patients. Efficiently distributing scarce healthcare resources among patients with time sensitive healthcare needs and uncertain arrival rates is a hard problem. When an emergency department gets too full, ED managers sometimes request that incoming ambulances reroute their patients to alternative destinations. While such ambulance diversions can sometimes help an overcrowded ED manage its caseload, it can also harm incoming patients and reduce systemwide EMS responsiveness. In detailed administrative records cataloging when, where, and why diversions occur, as well as who got diverted, I document that diversions commonly last exactly 1 hour, approximately 4 hours, and exactly 8 hours (indicating that managerial frictions may directly affect ED availability); that diverted patients have different characteristics than non-diverted patients (including potentially more severe symptoms); and that diverted patients spend 65% longer on the road to the hospital than non-diverted patients. I also find that diversions often occur not only because of crowdedness, but also because of hospital systems failures. I identify directions for future research.

近二十年來台灣經濟發展快速，國民生活所得提高，使得生活水平不斷上升，消費意識跟著抬頭，新公共管理學派「顧客導向」蔚為風潮，並同時強調價值的調和與課責的概念，因此「評鑑」是決定績效或品質的有效方法。而有鑑於過去殯葬市場資訊封閉，民眾（消費者）在資訊不完全、不對稱的情形，無從得知殯葬禮儀服務業者的優缺點、服務項目與收費、申訴管道等，復以民眾對於喪葬儀式與服務品質亦有所新要求，政府應如何實施殯葬評鑑以提供民眾資訊，加強業者的企業倫理與社會責任，己刻不容緩。 本文旨對台北市政府自民國89年實施殯葬禮儀服務業評鑑之情形做一探討，以質性研究及文獻分析對不同規模葬儀業者、評鑑承辦人員及殯葬消費者等360度績效評估方法進行訪談，以期了解葬儀業者是否依評鑑的要求進而提高其人員素質及服務品質；另民眾對殯葬消費方式的選擇是否會受評鑑結果的影響，以及對殯葬服務之滿意度，這些就成為目前政府與民眾所關注的重要議題，也是本文探討的核心焦點。 本研究發現：一、殯葬禮儀服務業者與殯葬消費者均對辦理殯葬評鑑表示接受或肯定；二、殯葬評鑑的確會提升葬儀業者的人員素質及服務品質；三、殯葬評鑑宣導不足；四、殯葬評鑑未達獎優懲劣效果。再依研究發現提出七項建議：：一、針對業者規模「量身訂做」評鑑評分表；二、評鑑委員的配置需以不同領域之專家學者同組；三、評鑑獎項多元化；四、提供多元管道，加強宣導殯葬評鑑的資訊；五、殯葬消費價格及項目公開化；六、合理對殯葬業者獎優懲劣；七、加強對業者及民眾之教育。 目前國內生死意識抬頭、且生死教育正在起步，惟國內外均無殯葬評鑑之相關研究，期望本研究之濫觴，促使政府及民眾對殯葬評鑑之重視。 / The living standard has risen dramatically together with its consumers’ rights consciousness due to the rapid economic growth and the raising income in recent twenty years in Taiwan. In addition, the customer orientation of new public management has become a tendency and the reconciliation of its value and the concept of accountability are highly valued at the same time. Therefore, it is an effective way to decide the result or the quality by the evaluation. In view of the information of funeral markets is closed in the past and customers cannot know the advantage, disadvantage, service, charge and grievance system of morticians under the situation with incomplete information. Moreover, customers have new demand for the funeral ceremonies and the quality of services. Hence, the government should implement the funeral evaluation immediately in order to provide more information to customers and reinforce the business ethics as well as social responsibility of undertakers. The research aims at exploring the situation of implementing the funeral service evaluation of Taipei city government since 1990. This paper researched qualitatively and analyzed the literature by interviewing different scale of undertakers, people who are responsible for the evaluation and customers with multi-source assessment model in order to understand if morticians enhance their quality and services according to the demand of the evaluation. On the other hand, whether the evaluation’s results influence customers’ choice of a particular funeral service provider and their satisfactoriness become the important issues which the government and the public concern a lot at present. Furthermore, they are also the main focuses that this paper discusses about. It is found that both morticians and customers show their acceptance or approval of the funeral service evaluation. In addition, the funeral service evaluation indeed raises the quality and services of undertakers. Next, the education of the funeral service evaluation is not enough. Last, the funeral service evaluation does not achieve its effect of rewarding and punishing. Furthermore, seven suggestions are presented according to the research. First, make appropriate evaluation form in accordance with the scale of morticians. Second, the arrangement of evaluation committee members should be composed of scholars and experts in different fields. Third, the evaluation reward can be diversified. Fourth, provide various ways to reinforce the instruction of the funeral service evaluation information. Fifth, the prices and details of funeral services should come into the open. Sixth, reward the good and punish the bad undertakers reasonably. Finally, reinforce the education of morticians and the public. The public pay more attention to the consciousness of life and death at present and the education of life and death is beginning but there is no related research about the funeral service evaluation in Taiwan or abroad. The researcher hopes the source of this study will promote the government and the public value the funeral service evaluation.