Research object – Risk of international settlements. The aim of this work is to analyze the process of the management of international settlements risk and foresee the opportunities of risk management in Lithuania. The set tasks for achieving the aim of this research: to introduce the understanding of international settlements risk; to set the kinds of international settlements risk; to set the process of the management of international settlements risk; to set the international settlements risk management means; to set the usage opportunities of these means in Lithuania. There are four kinds of international settlements risk described in this work: political, liquidity, currency rate range and economical risk. There are introduced means of risk management for every kind of risk in this work. There you can also find opportunities of usage of international settlements risk management in Lithuania. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of literature, logical analysis and synthesis, statistics analysis.

The theme of this dissertation is reflected in its title and was written to capture this particular historical juncture in post-apartheid South Africa. It was inspired by a variety of factors, including the harsh historical experiences of the Indian population since their arrival as indentured labourers in 1860, the current reassertion of ethnic identities and widespread ethnically based conflicts throughout the world, and the minority rights campaign that is gaining momentum in Europe. The significance of the last point is that West European countries generally enjoy the status as trendsetters on social policy issues, and the rest of the developing world often tends to follow suit. In this respect, this dissertation attempts to illustrate how the views of the Indian minority on transformation, in between the 1994 and 1999 democratic general elections, have been influenced and shaped. Their experiences were important in ascertaining their perceptions and responses to transformation. Research was carried out in the Greater Durban Area across class boundaries, covering suburbs such as Reservoir Hills, Clare Estate, Asherville, Overport, Phoenix and Chatsworth. The outcome of this effort is contained in 229 pages consisting of ten chapters. It is viewed in the context of the circumstances that prevailed just before the county's first democratic general election of 27 April 1994, up to the period of the next general election of 2 June 1999. Of central concern here were the dynamics surrounding the inevitable transfer of power from the White minority to representatives of the Black majority, and how the smallest ethnic minority i.e. the people of Indian origin, were reacting to this process. Research was carried out on the issues about which respondents felt very strongly. These translated into chapters on the history of violence against Indians in South Africa, the widespread impoverishment that is overshadowed by the visibility of the Indian middle and upper classes, their perceptions of informal settlements, Indian priviledge versus African empowerment in the public transport sector in Durban, finding new schools, and emigration - viewed as a solution to some and a dream to others. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2000.

This study documents the emergence of an Indian cultural enclave located on the periphery of the colonial town of Durban, its subsequent rise to a flourishing communal space by the mid twentieth century, and its decline in the apartheid era. The focus on change and transformation locates the research question within the broad ambit of historical geography. Clairwood and District grew into a densely-populated informal living space with all facilities and institutions built by the community. Based on a cultural inheritance in the form of language, the extended family system and religious beliefs , the Indian settlers and their descendants developed an elaborate network of kinship and communal relationships which formed the moral and social framework for the process of communal space construction. Entering the colony of Natal predominantly as indentured labour, the Indians were from the outset ostracized and subjugated by the white settlers and perceived as an alien temporary group. This identity was henceforth embodied in discriminatory legislation which marginalized the Indians in South Africa and resulted in their neglect and spatial containment. Parallel to the organic process of Indian communal space construction occurring in southern Durban was the sustained policy of land-use transformation embarked upon by the Durban municipality. The goal of this policy was to create a 'productive zone' south of Durban within an explicit racial zoning plan. The application of this goal resulted in a clash between the dominant white culture and the subordinate Indian culture as each.sought to retain control of the southern corridor and define its land-use and identity. After a protracted struggle the Durban municipality succeeded in imposing a formal industrial landscape upon the communal living space with the exception of the small node in Clairwood itself which has remained a residential enclave. This vestige of the former flourishing residential area of Clairwood and District suffers from industrial penetration and a physically degraded environment. However, it retains a sense of place of the former vibrant community. Clairwood is currently undergoing a process of revitalization under the auspices of the Durban municipality with a subsequent redefinition of identity. The study documents the cultural meanings that have been produced in a unique urban landscape in a South African city revealing the need to uncover the historical geographies of minority groups as a source of identity and a resource for future urban reconstruction. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1994.

The problem of informal settlement is well established in many urban areas of South Africa and in many other developing countries. Efforts to upgrade urban informal settlements have largely failed due to lack of effective participation in the planning processes which are conventionally driven by professional land use planners. This study was carried with the objectives to determine the causes of failure of conventional land use planning in upgrading informal settlements and the resulting spatial implications. There also sought to investigate current best practices of in-situ upgrading of informal settlements and to use these in formulating a proposed approach that would include community-driven planning into the local integrated development planning. In a case study of the Hanipark Informal Settlement in Matjhabeng Local Municipality, Free State Province key informants identified from the various stakeholders involved in the upgrade process were interviewed in order to establish the causes of failure of the planning processes. Ortho-rectified imagery of 2000 and 2003 were also analysed to establish the spatial trends of the informal settlement during the informal settlement upgrade of the study area. The results showed that the in-situ upgrade of the Hanipark Informal Settlement was largely driven by the Matjhabeng Local Municipality planners using the conventional technical approach with minimum participation of the beneficiary informal settlement dwellers. It was revealed that while the upgrade planning was in progress, new informal dwellers continued to settle. Over a three-year period between 2000 and 2003, the number of informal settlement dwellers increased by more than 1,000 households, increasing settlement density and expanding the area extent of the informal settlement by more than 10 ha. The study results suggest that an adaptation of the current practices centred on the UN_HABITAT procedure could be more successful in informal settlement upgrading. A three-phase approach is proposed to include as the first phase, the formation of a Stakeholders Forum which conducts a land audit, identifies policy instruments and accessible resources and establishes a partnership with the private sector; as the second phase, a land zoning procedure and the establishing of a suitable land tenure framework and carrying out detailed planning and implementation as the third phase. / Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.

Urban informality is a process established by people in the informal urban context to shape existing formal cities to form new informal cities that facilitate their everyday lives. This phenomenon has grown substantially in Latin American, Asian and African cities to a point that people have transformed many of their formal post-colonial cities within these regions to informal cities that can facilitate urban informality. Instead of seeing this process as a way where people living in the informal urban context are trying to create cities and infrastructure that suite their context and way of life, architects and urban design professionals are repeatedly adopting 'western norms‘ to solve urban informality rather than facilitating it. This starts to create a gap between the architectural built form and the way people live. The research was then undertaken to bridge this gap between built form making and the lived realities in the informal urban context by using the underlying principles of urban informality defined by the people to generate meaningful built form within the South African, African context. To achieve this, the research carried out investigations on current literature that dealt with three main principles that defined urban informality that could be used to generate an appropriate built form with the informal urban context. These principles were; socio- economic principles, emergence and the culture of urban informality and these started to suggest a flexible built form that can be adapted by its users to suit their needs. These principles were then tested against precedent and case studies to see their validity in the global and South African context. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a number of professionals that had a better understanding of the case studies than the author to make sure that the analyses and the conclusions based on those analyses were accurate. The research findings ultimately defined an indeterminate built form that is formed through a participatory process between the collaboration of urban design professionals and the future inhabitants of the built form. This built form is 'loosely‘ defined and its inhabitants can manipulate and reconfigure it, to a certain extent, to suit the future unforeseen states of urban informality. The research also outlined a framework that can be applied in the design phase of a multi-purpose trade hub in Durban, South Africa. / M. Arch. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2013.

Freie Univ., Diss--Berlin, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 285 - 296.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAO.pdf: 1931713 bytes, checksum: 715979b0e2a07a88c914afb68d880684 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-10 / This discourse analyzes the technical assistance concerning the rural settlement, which is seen as a demand of the social movement that claims for agrarian reformation, and is a goal of II PNRA, launched in may 2004, as a essential national public politics on process of building and consolidation of settlement and familiar agriculture, proposing the return of technical assistance service and rural extension in Brazil, which were started in the and of 1940 s. We analyze, in particular, the technical assistance program, social and environmental agrarian reformation, on model settlement, a program created, especially, to the rural settlements, coordinated by INCRA. Based on the documental analyze and local study, it is noticed that the experience of technical assistance implemented on model settlement shows the non continuation and fragility on technical assistance actions to rural workers. This context goes against the lately technical assistance governmental apparatus, which ensures to make settlements stronger, to support and to get important the familiar agriculture system. This way, technical assistance execution, trough the tertiary service, follows the neoliberal strategy and, the State, besides decreases the estimate to public politics, takes its actions control from the State to the shared control through partnership and transferring of responsibility, expressing its historic lack of attention to the worker class demands. In spite of workers resistance, expectative and hope, the lack of these services, as well as the other politics deficiencies, which are necessary to the settlements, are endangering its activities and threatening its survival in the settlement / Essa disserta??o analisa a assist?ncia t?cnica no contexto dos assentamentos rurais, vista como parte das reivindica??es dos movimentos sociais que lutam por reforma agr?ria, e se constitui meta do II PNRA, lan?ada em maio de 2004, como uma Pol?tica P?blica Nacional priorit?ria no processo de constru??o e consolida??o dos assentamentos e da agricultura familiar, propondo uma retomada dos servi?os de Assist?ncia T?cnica e Extens?o Rural no Brasil, iniciados no final da d?cada de 1940. Analisamos, em particular, o Programa de Assessoria T?cnica, Social e Ambiental ? Reforma Agr?ria, no Assentamento Modelo, um programa criado, especificamente, para os assentamentos rurais, coordenado pelo INCRA. A partir da an?lise documental e da pesquisa de campo, percebemos que a experi?ncia de Assessoria T?cnica implementada no Assentamento Modelo sinaliza a descontinuidade e as fragilidades nas a??es de assist?ncia t?cnica aos trabalhadores rurais. Contexto que contraria o atual aparato governamental de assist?ncia t?cnica, pois este assegura fortalecer os assentamentos, apoiar e priorizar o regime de agricultura familiar. Assim, a execu??o da assist?ncia t?cnica, atrav?s da terceiriza??o dos servi?os, segue a estrat?gia neoliberal e, o Estado, al?m de reduzir o or?amento para as pol?ticas p?blicas desloca a gest?o de suas a??es da esfera estatal para a gest?o compartilhada por meio de parcerias e transfer?ncia de responsabilidades, expressando sua hist?rica desaten??o ?s demandas da classe trabalhadora. Apesar da resist?ncia, expectativas e esperan?a dos trabalhadores, a descontinuidade desses servi?os, bem como a defici?ncia das demais pol?ticas necess?rias aos assentamentos v?m comprometendo suas atividades e amea?ando sua sobreviv?ncia no assentamento

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:49:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PARTE 1 - HALINE MOURA JORDAO.pdf: 5886183 bytes, checksum: c1152a24406090bb6e88043f28d3cd0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as experiências de intervenções urbanas em áreas de posse realizadas no município de Goiânia no período de 1997 a 2012, com ênfase na área de posse do Jardim Goiás I. A análise engloba da gestão ao complexo processo de concepção e execução de projetos e obras de urbanização nessas áreas, demonstrando, por meio do relato das experiências realizadas no período citado, que é possível a proposição de diretrizes adequadas às especificidades e características físicas, socioeconômicas e culturais dos assentamentos, baseadas em parâmetros de qualidade que garantam intervenções que ampliem o acesso à moradia adequada e à integração da favela à cidade. No entanto, nem sempre as intervenções urbanas propostas atingem níveis satisfatórios de adequação. Para que os programas de urbanização, regularização e integração de assentamentos precários obtenham sucesso torna-se necessária uma gestão integrada entre as políticas habitacionais, sociais, econômicas e ambientais, com uma estratégia unificada para o desenvolvimento das cidades.