Orientador: Fernando Antonio Lourenço / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T04:57:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_VitorBarletta_D.pdf: 4382131 bytes, checksum: 2281ff4e069b29acc2f48b6da1f0ecfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho lida com dois grandes debates. O primeiro sobre a realidade dos assentamentos rurais de reforma agrária no Brasil ligados ao MST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais SemTerra), que despertam diferentes interpretações e polêmicas. Uma das principais diz respeito à questão dos processos democráticos de tomada de decisão nos assentamentos, envolvendo as relações entre base e lideranças. O segundo sobre o debate em torno do tema do avanço ou retrocesso do processo de secularização, destacandose justamente o caso da sociedade brasileira. A união das duas polêmicas surgiu nos estudos que venho realizando nos assentamentos da cidade de SumaréSP, principalmente no chamado Assentamento II. Durante a pesquisa foram constatadas as relações que existem entre os valores religiosos e os valores envolvidos tanto na organização de luta pela conquista da terra como nas estratégias de sobrevivência dentro dos assentamentos. Na análise de tal aproximação de valores empreguei as perspectivas analíticas e teóricas da sociologia rural e da sociologia da religião, tendo como ponto de partida duas questões básicas: Existe democracia no processo de formação e manutenção dos assentamentos de reforma agrária? Existe um processo de secularização em curso irrevogável na sociedade brasileira? As respostas isoladas propostas para tais perguntas têm sido extremadas dentro dos debates. Pretendese aqui, partindo de uma perspectiva fundamentalmente weberiana, propor uma resposta nova, através da unificação das duas temáticas / Abstract: This work deals with two big debates. The first concerns on the reality of rural settlements of agrarian reform in Brazil linked to the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST), which attract different interpretation and controversy. A key question concerns to the democratic processes of decision making in this settlements, involving the relationship between his basis and leaderships. The second concerns on the debate around the theme of the secularization process advance or goes back, point out the case of Brazilian society. The union of the these two controversies arose in the studies I have been doing in the settlements of the city of SumaréSP, mainly in the socalled Settlement II. During the research it was found the relationships between religious values and the values involved even in the organization of the fight for the land conquest and in the strategies for survival within the settlements. In the analysis of such values approximation I use the theoretical and analytical perspectives of rural sociology and of the religion sociology, taking two basic questions as the starting point: Is there democracy in the formation process of agrarian reform settlements and in their posterior organization? Is there an irrevocable ongoing process of secularization in Brazilian society? The isolate answers to these questions have been put in extremes inside the debates. It is my intend here, from a Weberian perspective fundamentally, to propose a new response, through the unification of these two themes / Doutorado / Doutor em Sociologia

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:55:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michelly Ferreira Elias.pdf: 6485504 bytes, checksum: d190ef4c0c07d5f5976355b211be228d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Study about the agricultural cooperation in the political organization of the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST), more specifically the experiences developed in Maranhão state, under the orientation of the Marxist tradition. It approaches the conceptions that historically influenced the debate about that theme, considering the historical construction of cooperation and cooperativism, associated to the cooperativist movement of the 19th century Europe and its relation with the fight for socialism, based on what identifies the main tendencies of analysis nowadays which orient different conceptions and practices related to cooperation. It points out analysis elements of the MST political organization process in the fight for agrarian reform in Brazil, within the class fight, situating the construction of the agricultural cooperation conception in that movement and the issue involving the relation between agricultural cooperation and the political organization in MST, within the context of the social fights in the country. It presents a reflection about the contribution of agricultural cooperation for the political organization of the rural workers in the MST settlements, facing the agrarian issue, considering the particular experience in Maranhão based in the configuration of agricultural cooperation. In the final considerations, it detaches the difficult task of MST, in the effort to articulate the immediate fight to the mediate one, in the perspective of construction of a new sociability for the rural workers, having as mediation the fight for land and for agrarian reform, in the objective life conditions in the settlements. / Estudo sobre a cooperação agrícola na organização política do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), mais particularmente as experiências desenvolvidas no estado do Maranhão, sob a orientação da tradição marxista. Aborda as concepções que historicamente influenciaram o debate sobre essa temática, considerando a construção histórica da cooperação e do cooperativismo, associados ao movimento cooperativista do século XIX na Europa e sua relação com a luta pelo socialismo, com base no que identifica as principais tendências de análise, na atualidade, orientadoras de diferentes concepções e práticas acerca da cooperação. Aponta elementos de análise do processo de organização política do MST na luta por reforma agrária no Brasil, no âmbito da luta de classes, situando a construção da concepção de cooperação agrícola nesse movimento e a problemática que envolve a relação entre cooperação agrícola e organização política no MST, no contexto das lutas sociais no país. Apresenta uma reflexão sobre a contribuição da cooperação agrícola para a organização política dos trabalhadores rurais nos assentamentos do MST, no enfrentamento da questão agrária, considerando a experiência particular no Maranhão com base na configuração da cooperação agrícola. Nas considerações finais, ressalta-se a difícil tarefa do MST, no esforço de articular a luta imediata à luta mediata, na perspectiva de construção de uma nova sociabilidade para os trabalhadores rurais, tendo como mediação a luta pela terra e por reforma agrária, nas condições objetivas de vida nos assentamentos.

Em países em desenvolvimento, doenças infecciosas se constituem ainda um grave problema de saúde pública. Muitas vezes, essas doenças estão altamente relacionadas a condições urbanas que podem ser encontradas em áreas mais pobres. Nesses casos, o sensoriamento remoto (SR) pode ser utilizado como uma poderosa ferramenta de estudo. Novos produtos de SR se encontram disponíveis no mercado, permitindo o desenvolvimento de análises espaciais cada vez mais profundas e precisas. No entanto, a complexidade que envolve a epidemiologia de doenças, a irregularidade de ocupações urbanas e a heterogeneidade das imagens de alta resolução espacial têm restringido o desenvolvimento de estudos nesse campo científico. O desafio de identificar elementos e tipologias urbanas em imagens de sensoriamento remoto relacionadas à ocorrência da leptospirose justifica-se pela crença de que ferramentas de SR podem ser mais amplamente utilizadas no monitoramento de carências urbanísticas e, consequentemente, na gestão de ações e investimentos públicos. A metodologia contempla uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, com base na qual foram criados modelos de transmissão da leptospirose e investigadas tipologias urbanas presentes na área de estudo. As variáveis baseadas em dados de SR que formam os indicadores dos modelos e que caracterizam as tipologias foram usadas para definir objetos e atributos, alvos das investigações em imagens de alta resolução espacial. Os procedimentos de SR adotados baseiam-se na segmentação multi-nível, classificação baseada em objeto, e utilizam ortofotografias aéreas, imagem QuickBird e base cartográfica do eixo viário do Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador. Para o cálculo das variáveis utilizou-se produtos do processamento da imagem QuickBird. Procedimentos de geoprocessamento foram realizados em sistema de informações geográficas. Por fim, realizaram-se as primeiras análises epidemiológicas que investigam a relação da leptospirose com os elementos e tipologias urbanas identificados por meio de SR, cujos resultados apontam maior influência do percentual de pavimentação das vias, sua largura e qualidade da edificação na possibilidade de ocorrência da leptospirose no Subúrbio. Possíveis fontes de viés são discutidas ao lado de propostas de continuação da pesquisa. Apesar dos problemas e limitações identificados no processo, o estudo mostra que a metodologia desenvolvida baseada em SR se constitui uma poderosa ferramenta de análise do espaço intra-urbano, uma vez que permite a identificação de elementos e tipologias relacionados a situações de risco, apoiando assim, o direcionamento de investimentos públicos que venham refletir na melhoria das condições de saúde da população. / In developing countries, infectious diseases are still a serious public health problem. These diseases are often and highly related to urban conditions found in poor areas, in these cases, remote sensing (RS) can be used as a powerful tool. New RS products are now available allowing the development of more complex and precise spatial analysis. On the other hand, the complexity of epidemiological studies, the lack of regularity of precarious urban settlements and the heterogeneity of high spatial resolution images have been restricting the development of studies in this areas. The challenge of identifying urban elements and typologies related to the leptospirosis using RS products is pursued due the belief that RS can be more used among professionals and researchers in the task of monitoring the urban environment, and directing public investments and actions. The methodology presented consists in a broad literature review, which was used to support leptospirosis transmission risk models and to find urban typologies at the study area. Variables based on RS were identified in the disease models and in the typologies characterization. This models and typologies also defined targets to look for in the high spatial resolution images. RS procedures were based on multi-level segmentation, object-based classification, aerial photography, QuickBird satellite images and street axis vector data of the Railroad Suburb of Salvador. In order to obtain the variable\'s values, results of QuickBird image processing were added to a geographic database and processed using vector and raster over layering techniques. At last, epidemiological analysis were initiated aiming to find its relationship with the urban elements and typologies identified using RS. The results points paved streets, streets wideness and house quality as the RS variables that have more influence on the leptospirosis transmission chance. The dissertation also presents research restrains, potentials, possible sources of bias and future studies proposals. It concludes that the RS based methodology presented is a powerful tool for urban analysis, due to its capabilities for identifying urban targets related to risky situations, and, therefore, for helping direct public investments to improve life conditions an unprivileged city areas.

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2013-12-04T16:37:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Lima, Renata-Dissert-2013.pdf: 7079373 bytes, checksum: 76c26b000231cdb7b67d687686cf299e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-04T16:37:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Lima, Renata-Dissert-2013.pdf: 7079373 bytes, checksum: 76c26b000231cdb7b67d687686cf299e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Esta pesquisa aborda conflitos de terra que configuraram a ocupação territorial fluminense submetida ao projeto colonizador português. O objeto de destaque nestas disputas é uma localidade denominada Quilombo, atualmente situada no município de Casimiro de Abreu (RJ). A presença deste nome em mapas contemporâneos como designação oficial de uma região onde não há negros, mas descendentes de colonos suíços, foi o indício primordial para uma investigação acerca da resistência escrava naquela localidade. Em cartas, ofícios e declarações produzidos durante a década de 1820, colonos suíços afirmaram que prenderam quilombolas e destruíram quilombos, se apossando de suas terras. Notícias de jornal e mapas das três primeiras décadas do século XIX também forneceram informações sobre qui8lombolas e suas instalações nesta região. No âmago das relações de trabalho que constituíram o escravismo colonial brasileiro, o marco cronológico de limiar desta pesquisa é a implantação da família real e corte portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro, em 1808, quando mudanças demográficas expressivas ocorreram, expandindo a colonização antes concentrada no litoral para o interior, com a ocupação da Serra do Mar onde se localizavam quilombos. O marco que finaliza o período desta pesquisa é o término do reinado de D. Pedro I, em 1831, quando foi promulgada a lei Feijó, que garantia liberdade aos escravos chegados ao país a partir desta data, e ano de suspensão oficial das imigrações européias. / This research approach land conflicts that shaped the territorial occupation of Rio de Janeiro submitted to the Portuguese colonizing project. The object highlighted in these disputes is a place called Quilombo (Maroon settlement on runaway slave settlement), currently located in the municipality of Casimiro de Abreu (RJ). The presence of this name in contemporary maps as the official denomination of a region where there are no blacks, but descendants of Swiss colonists, was the primary indication for an investigation into the slave resistance in the locality. In letters, crafts and statements produced during the 1820s, Swiss colonists said they arrested Maroons and destroyed the Maroons settlements, seizing their lands. Newspaper reports and maps of the first three decades of the nineteenth century also provide information about Maroons and their settlement in this region. At the core of labor relations that constituted the Brazilian colonial slavery, the chronological milestone threshold of this research in the transference of the Portuguese royal family and court to Rio de Janeiro, in 1808, where significant demographic changes occurred, before expanding colonization concentrated on the coast to the interior, the occupation of the Serra do Mar (Sea’s Mountain) where was located Maroon settlements. The milestone that ends the period of this research is the conclusion of D. Pedro I’s reign in 1831, when the Act Feijó was enacted, which garanteed freedom to slaves arrived in Brazil as from this date, and year of official suspension of European immigration.

La présente étude propose une synthèse des données relatives aux agglomérations celtiques occupées au cours du IIIe siècle avant notre ère sur l’ensemble de l’espace européen. Une approche globale de ce phénomène des agglomérations a été privilégiée, basée sur la relecture des données. Les problématiques d’identification et de caractérisation de ces habitats forment la trame principale de cette étude. Sur quarante-quatre sites pris en compte initialement pour comprendre les modalités d’émergence et les formes d’occupations, dix agglomérations ont été comparées afin de mettre en évidence leurs fonctions et leurs rôles. La mise en perspective des données permet de renouveler nos connaissances concernant l’organisation territoriale et économique de la société celtique au IIIe siècle avant notre ère, mais également de réévaluer les processus d’urbanisation de l’âge du Fer. Ce phénomène mis en évidence à l’échelle européenne renouvelle considérablement l’image de la société celtique du IIIe siècle avant notre ère et de son mode de fonctionnement. / This study provides a synthesis of the data issued from Celtic settlements (“agglomération”) of the third century BC in the whole European area. Centered on bibliographical data, a large approach of the phenomenon of agglomeration was considered. This study focuses on identification and characterization of these settlements. Among forty-four sites initially selected to understand the emergence and the forms of these settlements, ten were cross-checked in order to clarify their functions and roles. This consideration of the data allows us to improve our understanding of economic and territorial organization of the Celtic society during the third century BC, but also increase our knowledge of the urbanization process in the Iron Age. Over the European area this phenomenon considerably renews the vision of Celtic society of the third century BC and its organization.

The South African democratic government has, since 1994, implemented various programs that aim to alleviate poverty through policy interventions. The Provincial Growth and Development Plan (Eastern Cape 2004-2014) commit its self to halving poverty by 2014. The research seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of poverty alleviation initiatives in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), East London; focussing in Nompumelelo informal settlement. The study applied quantitative and qualitative approaches for biographical and socio economic information; and for in-depth understanding and verification respectively. Data collection was through structured interviews and survey questionnaires. The findings reveal that there are random, short-term poverty alleviation initiatives taking place in Nompumelelo informal settlement area. Projects that could have been self-sustaining collapsed due to lack of skills and training. The study indicates that the level of unemployment is high at 68 percent.

Next year will the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories celebrate the 50th Anniversary. European Union, the most significant trade partner of Israel as well as the biggest donor of Palestine, was for a long time a mere observer of a situation of deepening of the occupation and postponing of its end because of building of Israeli settlements on the one side and of gradual division of Palestinian territories between radical Hamas and Fatah. Just in the autumn of 2015 the European Union decided to take a restrictive step towards Israel by setting clear rules of labelling of Israeli goods produced in those Israeli settlements. However, a harsh response has come both from the Israeli government and from some of EU member states. Therefore this work focuses on evaluation of the legitimacy of this move and on trying to assess the reason of its partial failure.

This thesis deals with a number of selected peace plans for Israeli-Palestinian conflict and their solutions for the most crucial problems of this area. These problems are: Palestinian refugees, Israeli West Bank settlements, Lack of water resources, Jerusalem and Gaza strip. The first chapter summarizes the history of the development of this area before the formation of the state of Israel until today and also presents the current political situation of Israel. Next chapter continues with the research of these problems, which are almost always present and dealt with by new peace plans. The following chapter introduces selected peace plans and analyzes their encompassed solutions for the selected problems. The thesis ends with a chapter, in which the author attempts to suggest a suitable future scenario for the State of Palestine, which would be acceptable for both sides.

Because of a growing number of services offered by the Masaryk University to its students, and because of the ever-changing legislation of the Czech Republic, a need for an implementation of a new information system, capable of processing payments for university’s services, has arisen. The goal of this thesis is to analyse the current condition of payments at the university, consider users’ demands, choose an appropriate information system and project its implementation. It is utterly necessary to keep the costs of implementation at acceptable levels and above all the system must be able to be operated without the need for new employees. The proposed system must be universal because of various natures of services offered and goods sold, as well as it must be efficient. It is required that the system will be able to handle the growth of both number of clients and provided services.

Institute for Rural Development / MRDV