Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-31. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:34:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000857839.pdf: 1265917 bytes, checksum: 668aecd70d30203ad662b956638e0da8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar o impacto da breve bloqueio dos receptores canabinóides CB1 ou CB2 durante o período neonatal sobre o crescimento somático e desenvolvimento esquelético durante a infância, puberdade e na idade adulta em ratos. Ratos Wistar recém-nascidos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis grupos, três grupos do sexo masculino e três grupos femininos. Os grupos tratados receberam durante os primeiros sete dias de vida de uma dose subcutânea de antagonistas dos receptores CB1 (AM251) ou CB₂ (SR144528) (3 mg/kg dissolvidos em 50 uL de veículo composto em álcool absoluto e tampão fosfato salino - PBS). Os grupos controle receberam a solução veículo com mesmo volume e período. O peso corporal foi mensurado aos 20, 40, 120 dias de idade e os fêmures direitos foram coletados. O comprimento e a espessura dos fêmures foram medidos e a densidade mineral óssea areal (DMO areal) foi determinada por meio de um densitômetro de dupla emissão de raios-X (DEXA). O teste biomecânico de flexão da cabeça do fêmur foi utilizado para avaliar a força máxima, a energia para fratura, e rigidez extrínseca dos ossos. Ganho de massa corporal, DMO areal e propriedades biomecânicas do osso aumentaram rapidamente com a idade em todos os grupos. Entre animais veículo, os padrões de dimorfismo sexual esquelética foram evidentes após a puberdade. No entanto, o bloqueio neonatal dos receptores canabinóides CB1 e CB2 promoveu um efeito transitório e sexo-dependentes sobre a massa corporal e desenvolvimento ósseo ao longo da vida, e que a inibição neonatal desses receptores nos machos promoveu um efeito bifásico sobre a aquisição de DMO areal ao longo do desenvolvimento, e aumento da fragilidade óssea nos machos AM251 na idade adulta. Este estudo demonstrou que... / The aim of the present study was to characterize the impact of brief blockade of cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors during neonatal period on somatic growth and skeletal development during childhood, puberty, and adulthood in rats. Newborn Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, three male groups and three female groups. The treated groups received during the firsts seven days of life a subcutaneous dose of a CB1 (AM251) or CB₂ (SR144528) receptors antagonist (3 mg/kg dissolved in 50 μl of a vehicle consisting of absolute ethanol and phosphate buffered saline - PBS). Control groups received the vehicle solution in the same volume and period. Body weight was measured at 20, 40, 120 days of age and femurs were collected. The length and thickness of the femurs were measured and the areal bone mineral density (areal BMD) was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Biomechanical femoral neck bending testing was used to evaluate bone breaking strength, energy to fracture, and extrinsic stiffness. Weight gain, areal BMD and bone biomechanical properties increased rapidly with respect to age in all groups. In vehicle animals, skeletal sexual dimorphism patterns were evident after puberty. However, neonatal blockade of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors promoted a transient and sex-dependent effect on the body weight and bone development throughout the life, and that neonatal inhibiting the CB1 and CB2 receptors in males promotes a biphasic effect on the acquisition of areal BMD throughout development, and increased bone fragility in males AM251 in adulthood. This study demonstrated that brief blockade of cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors during neonatal period causes a long-lasting and sex-dependents modification in somatic growth and skeletal development in rats

A identificação de cadáveres, por motivos legais, é uma importante contribuição da prática forense para a sociedade. Existem várias técnicas e fatores para serem esclarecidos, como idade, sexo e cor da pele. A determinação do sexo através de parâmetros odontológicos tem sido bastante utilizada. Medidas dos elementos dentais podem ser importantes para a tentativa de identificar uma pessoa. É importante estabelecer um padrão de medidas dentárias para populações específicas. Neste contexto o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar o dimorfismo sexual em adultos brasileiros através das medidas dentárias. A amostra utilizou modelos de gesso de 200 indivíduos de ambos os sexos com idade de 20 a 30 anos de idade. As medidas utilizadas foram a mésio-distal (MD) e vestíbulo-lingual (VL), sendo mensuradas as dimensões de todos os dentes, excluindo, terceiros molares. Essas medições foram realizadas diretamente nos modelos de gesso, utilizando para isso um Paquímetro Digital da marca Digimess®, com ponta agulhada, e medição em milímetros, com margem de erro de 0.01mm. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o software STATA 12.0. Para testar a confiabilidade da técnica foi utilizado o Coeficiente Intra Classe para os dados Intra- Examinador e Inter Examinador. Para apresentar a amostra, foi realizada estatística descritiva (média, desvio-padrão, e valores mínimos e máximos). Para a comparação entre os dentes homólogos e entre o sexo foi utilizado o Teste t-Student. A análise de dados foi utilizada a regressão logistica e foi criando um ondenamento de acordo com a melhor precisão da técnica. Foram realizadas três técnicas para verificar o dimorfismos sexual a Regressão Logistica, A Função Discriminante Linear e a Função Discriminante KNN. O nível de significância em todos os testes realizados foi de 5%. A população de estudo foi composta por 200 participantes da pesquisa. Desse total, 100 eram do sexo masculino e 100 eram do sexo feminino. A média de idade foi de 24,33 anos e a altura média de 1,69 metros. De acordo com os resultados apresentados no presente estudo podemos concluir que é possível verificar o dimorfismo sexual em adultos brasileiros através das medidas dentárias e podemos destacar que não foi verificada diferenças entre os dentes homólogos; os elementos dentais dos participantes masculinos apresentaram médias maiores que as das participantes do sexo feminino. Os melhores indicadores para verificar o dimorfismo sexual foram as medidas dos dentes caninos e molares. As técnicas multivariadas foram mais precisas e a Analise Discriminante KNN apresentou os melhores resultados. / For legal reasons, the human body identification is an important contribution of forensic dentistry to society. In order to identify a copse, there are many techniques and factors that must be clarified, such as age, sex and race. Sex determination by dentistry parameters have been largely used in human identification and, in this knowledge area, the measure of teeth is an important technique that can be applied. For that reason, it is important to establish a pattern of tooth measure for specific populations. In this context, the aim of this study is to verify the sexual dimorphism in Brazilian adults by tooth measurement. The sample used plaster models from 200 subjects of both sexes, aged 20 to 30 years old. The measures used were the mesiodistal (MO) and buccolingual (VL), using the dimensions of ali teeth, except third molars. These mensuration was performed directly on the plaster models, using a Digital Caliper-rule from Digimess ® brand, with needled tip, and measurement in millimeters, with an error margin of 0.01mm. For statistical analysis we used the STATA 12.0 software. To test the reliability of the technique it was used the Intra Class Coefficient for Intra and Inter Examiner data. To exhibit the sample, descriptive statistic was used (mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values). For comparison between homologous teeth and sex, it was used the Student-T test. The data analysis used was the logistic regression and a moire was created according to the best precision from the technique. Three techniques were performed to check the sexual dimorphism, Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Function and Discriminant Function KNN. The significance levei for ali tests was 5%. The study population was composed of 200 research participants. Of those, 100 were male and 100 were female. The age average was 24.33 years old and the height average was of 1.69 meters. According to the results presented in this study we can conclude that it is possible to check the sexual dimorphism in Brazilian adults through dental measures and we can say that no differences between homologous teeth was seen; dental elements from male participants had higher averages than those from female participants. The best indexes to evaluate sexual dimorphism were the measures of the canines and molars teeth. Multivariate techniques were more accurate and KNN Oiscriminant Analysis showed the best results.

Orientador: Eduardo Daruge Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T12:31:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Picapedra_Alicia_M.pdf: 1408790 bytes, checksum: e6834fc2c4fee057722f3930475c64e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A ciência forense tem se desenvolvido dia a dia, mais notadamente a partir do século XIX. Inicialmente, o processo de identificação se resumia ao simples reconhecimento, mas, posteriormente, com o desenvolvimento da estatística, outras metodologias foram construídas e/ou amplificadas. Como destaque tem-se a antropologia física, que, inicialmente, baseava-se em métodos qualitativos caraterísticos e individuais às diversas etnias existentes. Porém, com o uso da estatística, pôdem-se utilizar métodos quantitativos por meio de regressão logística e, mais tarde, modelos matemáticos que se valem de logitos e probitos. A determinação do gênero, parte integrante da antropologia física, tem-se valido destes modelos matemáticos. Com o advento dos softwares que utilizam logitos, tem ocorrido uma maior facilitação na determinação do sexo. No presente estudo, buscou-se determinar quais seriam as medidas lineares dimórficas aferidas junto aos modelos de gesso ortodôntico tipo 3, de maxilares de 118 indivíduos da clínica de Ortodoncia de IUCEDDU, com idades comprendidas entre 21 e 60 anos, sendo 59 do gênero masculino e 59 do gênero feminino. Constatou-se que as distâncias mésio-distal e gengivo-incisal de ambos caninos superiores (13 e 23), e a área delimitada pelas medidas A, C e B (medida A, espaço compreendido entre o ponto mais proeminente na união das faces vestibular e distal do dente 16 e o ponto interincisivo, localizado no ponto de contato entre os dentes 11 e 21; medida C, espaço compreendido entre o ponto interincisivo e o ponto mais saliente na união das faces vestibular e distal do dente 26; medida B, distância entre os pontos definidos para as peças 16 e da 26; e medida H, correspondente à altura do triângulo, segmento perpendicular a B que passa pelo ponto interincisivo) foram consideradas dimórficas, enquanto que a distância intercanina, espaço compreendido entre as cúspides dos dentes 13 e 23, não o foi. Obteve-se um modelo de regressão logística para determinar o gênero, com um grau de confiabilidade de 69,5%, uma árvore de classificação com um grau de confiabilidade de 79,7% e um indicador do Índice Maxilar Canino de 0.231. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem asseverar que os modelos encontrados irão auxiliar os odontolegistas no processo de identificação humana / Abstract: Forensic science has been gradually developed, especially from the nineteenth century. Initially, identification process was reduced to a simple recognition but later, with the development of statistics, other methods have been created and / or amplified. An example of this is the physical anthropology, based, inicially, on characteristic and individual qualitative methods for each ethnic group. However, with the use of statistics, quantitative methods based in logistic regression and mathematical models began to be used. Sex determination, a branch of physical anthropology, has been using these mathematical models. With the advent of software using logits, sex determination became easier. This study sought to determine the sexually dimorphic linear measurements evaluated on the superior dental casts, in type 3 orthodontic stone, of 118 subjects (59 males, 59 females) in the clinic of Orthodontics IUCEDDU, aged between 21 and 60 years. It was observed sexual dimorphism at the distances mesiodistal (MD) and gingivo-incisal (GI) of both superior canines (13 and 23), and the area bounded by the measures A (from the most proeminent point of the angle formed by the tangents of the buccal and distal faces of the right first molar, to the interincisor point), C (from the most proeminent point of the angle formed by the tangents of the buccal and distal faces of the left first molar, to the interincisor point), and B (the distance between the same points of the superior first molars), and measure H (perpendicular to B, passing through the interincisor point), and no dimorphism in the space between the cusps teeth 13 and 23. The authors obtained a logit regression model to determine the gender with a degree of reliability of 69.5%, a classification and regression tree with a reliability rate of 79.7%, and maxillary canine index of 0,231. The results allow us to inform that the models may assist forensic dentists in the process of human identification / Mestrado / Odontologia Legal e Deontologia / Mestre em Biologia Buco-Dental

<p><strong>Sammanfattning</strong></p><p>Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka och beskriva hur hjärtinfarktsymtom yttrar sig och upplevs av kvinnor och vilka atypiska symtom sjuksköterskan bör vara uppmärksam på i mötet med kvinnor i sjukvården. En beskrivande litteraturstudie genomfördes där vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ och kvantitativ karaktär analyserades. Huvudresultatet visade att central bröstsmärta var ett vanligt rapporterat symtom men att många kvinnor inte hade bröstsmärta som det enda och huvudsakliga symtomet. Kvinnor tenderade mer ofta än män att uppleva besvär från käke, hals och nacke. Rygg och skulderbladsmärta visade sig förekomma i liknande utsträckning som bröstsmärta hos kvinnor med hjärtinfarkt. Extrem trötthet tillsammans med dyspné var två av de mest frekvent rapporterade <em>tidiga</em> teckenen vid hjärtinfarkt, dessa upplevdes ofta lång tid innan hjärtinfarkten men var för kvinnorna svåra att sammankoppla med hjärtinfarkt. Illamående och kräkning var frekvent rapporterande symtom som framför allt visade sig i den akuta fasen av hjärtinfarkt. Svettningar i kombination med andra symtom var också vanligt i den akuta fasen av hjärtinfarkten, kraftig svettning var något som fick kvinnor att reagera på att något var allvarligt fel och det påverkade kvinnors beslut att söka sjukvård.</p> / <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The aim of this literature study was to explore and describe how the heart attack symptoms manifested and were experienced by women and the atypical symptoms the nurse should be alert to when meeting women in health care. A descriptive literature review was conducted in which scientific papers of qualitative and quantitative characteristics were analyzed. The main results showed that central chest pain was a commonly reported symptom, but that many women did not have it as the only and main symptom. Women tended more often than men to experience symptoms of jaw, neck and throat. Back and shoulder pain were found to occur in a similar extent as chest pain in women with myocardial infarction. Extreme fatigue with dyspnoea' were two frequently reported early signs of heart attack, often felt long before the heart attack but difficult for women to connect with myocardial infarction. Nausea and vomiting were symptoms that mainly appeared in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Sweating in combination with other symptoms were also common in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, excessive sweating was something that got women to respond to that something was seriously wrong and it affected women's decisions to seek care.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Sammanfattning Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka och beskriva hur hjärtinfarktsymtom yttrar sig och upplevs av kvinnor och vilka atypiska symtom sjuksköterskan bör vara uppmärksam på i mötet med kvinnor i sjukvården. En beskrivande litteraturstudie genomfördes där vetenskapliga artiklar av kvalitativ och kvantitativ karaktär analyserades. Huvudresultatet visade att central bröstsmärta var ett vanligt rapporterat symtom men att många kvinnor inte hade bröstsmärta som det enda och huvudsakliga symtomet. Kvinnor tenderade mer ofta än män att uppleva besvär från käke, hals och nacke. Rygg och skulderbladsmärta visade sig förekomma i liknande utsträckning som bröstsmärta hos kvinnor med hjärtinfarkt. Extrem trötthet tillsammans med dyspné var två av de mest frekvent rapporterade tidiga teckenen vid hjärtinfarkt, dessa upplevdes ofta lång tid innan hjärtinfarkten men var för kvinnorna svåra att sammankoppla med hjärtinfarkt. Illamående och kräkning var frekvent rapporterande symtom som framför allt visade sig i den akuta fasen av hjärtinfarkt. Svettningar i kombination med andra symtom var också vanligt i den akuta fasen av hjärtinfarkten, kraftig svettning var något som fick kvinnor att reagera på att något var allvarligt fel och det påverkade kvinnors beslut att söka sjukvård. / Abstract The aim of this literature study was to explore and describe how the heart attack symptoms manifested and were experienced by women and the atypical symptoms the nurse should be alert to when meeting women in health care. A descriptive literature review was conducted in which scientific papers of qualitative and quantitative characteristics were analyzed. The main results showed that central chest pain was a commonly reported symptom, but that many women did not have it as the only and main symptom. Women tended more often than men to experience symptoms of jaw, neck and throat. Back and shoulder pain were found to occur in a similar extent as chest pain in women with myocardial infarction. Extreme fatigue with dyspnoea' were two frequently reported early signs of heart attack, often felt long before the heart attack but difficult for women to connect with myocardial infarction. Nausea and vomiting were symptoms that mainly appeared in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Sweating in combination with other symptoms were also common in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, excessive sweating was something that got women to respond to that something was seriously wrong and it affected women's decisions to seek care.

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-65).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Abstract Studies on families and individuals with sex chromosome abnormalities and 46,XY females, together with molecular research, have provided proof that both X and Y chromosome genes are expressed in human tooth crown growth. The Y chromosome promotes the formation of both permanent tooth crown enamel and dentin, whereas the effect of the X chromosome is seen mainly in enamel formation. In particular, the effect of the Y chromosome on dentin formation explains the expression of sexual dimorphism in crown size. When crown growth is complete, root dentin is formed and requires proliferation of epithelial cells in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath to initiate the differentiation of root odontoblasts. These epithelial cells determine the size, shape and number of the roots. There is a clear sex difference in tooth crown sizes, men have larger teeth than women. The aim of this research was to study completed permanent tooth root lengths in individuals with sex chromosome abnormalities and 46,XY females, an approach which might also provide some clues for a further insight into the development of sexual dimorphism in human growth. The underlying hypothesis was that the effect of the X and Y chromosomes on crown growth is also expressed in root growth. The subjects were participants of L. Alvesalo's research project, Kvantti, and comprised 45,X/46,XX females, 47,XYY and 47,XXY males and female sex reversals with insensitivity to androgens (46,XY females). The root lengths were measured from dental panoramic radiographs with a sliding digital calliper. All available teeth (except third molars) with complete root formation on both sides of the jaws were measured. The results showed longer final permanent tooth root lengths in 47,XYY and 47,XXY males, while the roots in 45,X/46,XX females were shorter compared with the values of normal men and women, respectively. The root lengths of 46,XY females were longer compared to normal women and placed on a level with normal men. The root morphology did not reveal any major deviations from normal variation. In terms of population dental developmental standards it is conceivable that changes in these study groups in final size of their permanent tooth roots become evident during a period beginning eight years after birth and continuing up to the age of 14 years, at least. It became clear that the effect of the Y chromosome on tooth root growth is greater than that of the X chromosome, and this may cause the observed sexual dimorphism, males having longer roots than females. It is suggested that root growth may be affected by the same genes on the X and Y chromosomes which promote crown growth.