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(In)visible Bodies: Disability, Sexuality and Constitutional LawReale, Carla Maria 02 April 2020 (has links)
This study aims to investigate the field where law, sexuality and disability meet, with a particular focus on constitutional law. Through the use of comparative law and an interdisciplinary approach, the study will try to understand whether the law might have a role in overcoming social barriers affecting people with disabilities in the sphere of sexuality, and which are the criteria the State should follow when intervening in this complex field.
Drawing on different notions of disability, we will sketch how law itself is slowly enacting a paradigm shift in disability law, while leaving outside some of the ultimate inquiries elaborated by disability theorists.
It is the case of the issue of sexuality, which still remains a "silenced discourse" both on the international and domestic level. In spite of its relevant legal implications (e.g. forced sterilization and legal denial of sexual agency) and recent efforts to secure its negative aspects, the right to sexuality for people with disabilities has not been the object of positive measures, with few exceptions (e.g. Denmark).
One of the most debated instruments in this field is currently sexual assistance: a controversial praxis, even in its definition and boundaries. It was observed, both at the domestic level and by comparative analysis, that the legal status and the factual development of this tool is strictly linked to the regulation on sex working. An alternative solution, namely framing sexual assistance as a form of personal assistance in Italy, will be theorized.
Sexual assistance, however, is condemned to be ineffective if not surrounded by other tools (such as inclusive sexual education, sexual counselling etc.) aimed at fostering self-determination in the sexual sphere for people with disabilities. These policies need to be developed down the constitutional path already traced by the jurisprudence, starting from the experience and questions of people with disabilities and using flexible sources of law rather than hard law. In this way law could contribute to the social change needed to dismantle social barriers and discrimination experienced by people with disabilities in the field of sexuality and grant them full participation in all areas of life
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Sexual rights violations during the conflicts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 2005 and 2015Wa Baya, Joseph Mutombo January 2019 (has links)
Magister Legum - LLM / This thesis examines the sexual rights violation in Eastern DRC, which has been described as the worst in the world. The sexual violence against women and children in this country is systematic and widespread and perpetrated by armed groups, and increasingly also by civilians.
The prosecution of sexual offences should contribute to the reduction of these offences, but the Congolese state prosecutes very few cases. The resulting impunity became an obstacle to the state to stop sexual violence, which become unable to overcome the obstacles to prosecutorial action.
The successful prosecution of sexual offenders in Eastern DRC faces many obstacles and requires an exceptional jurisdiction which must provide a minimum of better freely conditions to the prosecutors and better unrestrained justice access to the victims.
The enforcement of the international instruments of justice will be possible only by this jurisdiction. The victims of sexual violence need more confidence in the jurisdiction which is really working for them to attain justice.
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The unrecognized sexuality : A qualitative interview study on staff's views on the sexuality of the elderly in residential careLe, Klara January 2021 (has links)
Elderly sexuality in residential care is a subject ignored in both society and in research. This qualitative study investigates staff’s beliefs and experiences of sexuality in residential care. The research was conducted in Sweden, using semi-structured in-depth interviews with staff in residential care. Thirteen caregivers participated in this study. The study embraces the concept of constructionism as its analytical framework. The following are the key findings: (1) The participants noted the presence of sexuality among elderly people; (2) Staff’s interpretation of sexual expressions varied; depending on where, to whom and how the sexual expressions were articulated; (3) The institutional barriers were: lack of privacy, overall institutional limitationsin knowledge and guidelines, and caregivers understanding about sexuality among elderly; (4) The participants also identified sexual harassment at their workplace by the elderly; (5) Caregivers emphasized Dementia as a key factor disrupting sexual boundaries. In conclusion this study shows that residential care institutions do not recognize the need of sexuality among elderly people. As a consequence of elderly´s sexual needs being unrecognized their sexual needs is not taken account for. This also legitimize lack of guidelines and the staff being put in situations that they are not properly equipped to handle.
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A incorporação dos direitos sexuais aos direitos humanos fundamentais / The incorporation of sexual rights in to the fundamental human rightsRodrigo Bernardes Dias 07 May 2012 (has links)
A presente tese tem como objeto o processo de incorporação dos direitos sexuais aos direitos humanos fundamentais, por meio de uma análise crítica da realidade social existente (no âmbito nacional e internacional), bem como das bases filosóficas subjacentes às posições divergentes sobre o tema, concluindo já estarem presentes, nos principais textos normativos de direitos humanos fundamentais, no âmbito das Nações Unidas, os mais importantes princípios éticos que se entendem aplicáveis à normatização do sexo pelo direito, em todos os níveis de governo, no atual estágio civilizatório, bem como propor balizas para a atuação, por parte dos poderes constituídos, com vistas à consolidação deste processo. / This paper intends to analyze the process of incorporation of sexual rights into the concept of fundamental human rights, by means of critically examining the existing social reality (international and local), as well as the underlying philosophical basis of the incompatible existing positions on the issue, concluding that the ethical principles applicable to the regulation of sex by law are already present in the main international human rights documents executed within the United Nations system, suggesting guiding principles, to all levels of government, in order to consolidate that process.
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A incorporação dos direitos sexuais aos direitos humanos fundamentais / The incorporation of sexual rights in to the fundamental human rightsDias, Rodrigo Bernardes 07 May 2012 (has links)
A presente tese tem como objeto o processo de incorporação dos direitos sexuais aos direitos humanos fundamentais, por meio de uma análise crítica da realidade social existente (no âmbito nacional e internacional), bem como das bases filosóficas subjacentes às posições divergentes sobre o tema, concluindo já estarem presentes, nos principais textos normativos de direitos humanos fundamentais, no âmbito das Nações Unidas, os mais importantes princípios éticos que se entendem aplicáveis à normatização do sexo pelo direito, em todos os níveis de governo, no atual estágio civilizatório, bem como propor balizas para a atuação, por parte dos poderes constituídos, com vistas à consolidação deste processo. / This paper intends to analyze the process of incorporation of sexual rights into the concept of fundamental human rights, by means of critically examining the existing social reality (international and local), as well as the underlying philosophical basis of the incompatible existing positions on the issue, concluding that the ethical principles applicable to the regulation of sex by law are already present in the main international human rights documents executed within the United Nations system, suggesting guiding principles, to all levels of government, in order to consolidate that process.
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SOBRE RELIGIÃO, ESTADO LAICO E CIDADANIA LGBT+: A FRENTE PARLAMENTAR EVANGÉLICA E A DEFESA DA VERDADE SOBRE A FAMÍLIA / About Religion, Secularism and LGBT+ Citizenship: the Evangelical Parliamentarian Front and the defense of the truth about the familyDIAS, Tainah Biela. 23 March 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the construction of a discourse of truth about the family by the evangelical parliamentarians who form the Evangelical Parliamentary Front (FPE). In order to achieve this objective, Law Projects (LP) and Legislative Decree Projects (LDP) have been proposed by FPE members that aimed at institutionalizing legally and politically the heterosexual and monogamous family as the only legitimate one, to the detriment of other arrangements, especially those formed by individuals that integrate the LGBT+ population. Speeches given by them have also been used and are available in the Diaries of the Chamber of Deputies. This research used a qualitative approach to reach the proposed objectives, through the explanation of the discourses of truth and later analysis with the necessary theoretical reference. We concluded that the defense of a truth about the family aims at perpetuating a traditional sexual morality based on the submission of the woman to the man and that is put in check by families formed by LGBT+ people, as they question the social roles attributed to men and Women in society. In addition, we came to the conclusion that this defense, made by political and religious agents, sets challenges to secularism, democracy and the consolidation of the citizenship of LGBT+ people. / A presente dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar como se dá a construção de um discurso de verdade sobre a família por parte dos parlamentares evangélicos que compõem a Frente Parlamentar Evangélica (FPE). Para viabilizar tal objetivo, foram utilizados Projetos de Lei (PL) e Projetos de Decreto Legislativo (PDC) propostos pelos membros da FPE e que visam institucionalizar jurídico e politicamente a família heterossexual e monogâmica como única legítima, em detrimento de outros arranjos, sobretudo aqueles formados por indivíduos que compõem a população LGBT+. Também foram utilizados discursos proferidos por estes e que se encontram disponíveis nos Diários da Câmara dos Deputados. Esta pesquisa se utilizou de abordagem qualitativa para atingir aos objetivos propostos, através da explicitação dos discursos de verdade e posterior análise munida do referencial teórico necessário. Concluímos que a defesa de uma verdade sobre a família objetiva perpetuar uma moral sexual tradicional baseada na submissão da mulher ao homem e que é colocada em cheque por famílias formadas por pessoas LGBT+, na medida em que estas questionam os papéis sociais atribuídos a homens e mulheres na sociedade. Além disso, concluímos que esta defesa, feita por agentes políticos e religiosos, coloca desafios à laicidade, à democracia e à consolidação da cidadania das pessoas LGBT+.
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Nas mãos: A criança e o cachimbo. As experiências de maternidade das mulheres usuárias de crackFREITAS, Shirleidy Mirelle da Costa 29 May 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / FACEPE / A presente pesquisa, inserida no campo dos direitos sexuais e dos direitos reprodutivos, fundamenta-se a partir da perspectiva epistemológica feminista pós-estrutural, utilizando-se de metodologia qualitativa. Sendo parte do Projeto Diálogos para o Desenvolvimento Social de Suape, teve o objetivo de analisar as experiências de maternidade de mulheres jovens usuárias de crack. Para tal, a pesquisadora acompanhou as jovens a partir da inserção das mesmas em um programa de assistência aos/às usuários/as de álcool e outras drogas, com foco no uso de crack, na cidade do Cabo de Santo Agostinho/PE. Houve acompanhamento do cotidiano do Programa por quatro meses, através de observação participante, com registro em diário de campo. Em seguida, houve a realização de entrevistas com quatro mulheres, participantes do programa, com idades entre 19-22 anos que tiveram filhos/as nos últimos dois anos, em contexto de uso do crack. Foi realizada uma análise temática dos dados, marcada por um olhar interseccional, utilizando o gênero como categoria analítica. Os resultados apontam que, em suas falas, as jovens reiteram os discursos hegemônicos sobre maternidade, relacionando-a a cuidado e responsabilidade. Todavia, constroem resistências ao exercer, com o apoio da rede familiar, práticas de cuidado aos/às filhos/as. As experiências de maternidade delas são marcadas por uma violência estrutural na medida em que as mesmas tem dificuldade de efetivar direitos básicos, como: moradia, educação, assistência à saúde e segurança, evidenciando uma relação enfraquecida com o Estado. Ao focalizar as experiências de maternidade destas mulheres jovens, a pesquisa pretendeu quebrar o silenciamento dos discursos das jovens mães usuárias de crack, trazendo para o cenário as experiências das mesmas, de forma a promover menos exclusão e vulnerabilidade. / The present research, in the field of study of sexual rights and those reproductive rights, is based upon the post-structural feminist epistemological perspective, using a qualitative methodology. It is a part of the Dialogues Project for Social Development of Suape, and it is aimed to analyze the motherhood experience of young women who use crack. For this, the researcher accompanied those young women that were assisted by a program for assistance for both women and men who use alcohol and/or other drugs, but with a specific emphasis placed upon those who use crack in the city of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco (PE), located in the Northeast of Brazil. Over four months, the researcher followed the Program and accompanied their daily activities, through participative observations; observations were reordered and documented in the researchers field diary. Here four young mothers, assisted by this Program, were interviewed. These young women, ages 19-22 years old, all practiced the use of crack and had their babies within the last two years. A thematic analysis was used to realize the data, with an intersectional view and use of gender as an analytical category. The results of the data demonstrated that, in their own words, the youth continue to repeat the hegemonic discourses about motherhood, correlating it to care and responsibility. However, with the support of the family network, they built resistance through the exercise of care practices for their children. The motherhood experience of those women is marked by structural violence to the extent that they find it difficult to carry out their basic rights, such as: housing, education, health care and security, highlighting a weakened relationship with the State. By focusing on the motherhood experiences of these young women I intended to elicit a change from the oppressive silencing that young mothers who use crack face, while bringing to voice their similar experiences, in order to promote less exclusion and vulnerability.
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Sexualidade (des) institucionalizada? A sexualidade das moradoras e dos moradores dos Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos nos discursos das suas profissionaisSILVA, Angelita Danielle Gouveia da 31 March 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / FACEPE / Essa pesquisa é fruto do diálogo entre os campos de saberes da Sexualidade e da Saúde Mental. Nosso objetivo foi compreender a interface entre loucura e sexualidade nos discursos dos profissionais dos SRTs da cidade do Recife. A partir do referencial epistemológico do construcionismo social que nega as versões naturalizadas e universalizadas de realidade, compreendemos loucura e sexualidade como contructos sociais. Para analisar os dados coletados, utilizamos a Análise Crítica do Discurso, cujo foco de atenção recai sobre as dinâmicas das relações de poder que engendram os discursos. Como procedimentos de coleta, recorremos à entrevista semi-estruturada com 09 profissionais dos SRTs - analisamos apenas 06 -, ao diário de campo e à observação no SRT feminino no momento da coleta. Observamos avanços na política de desinstitucionalização no que se refere à implantação dos SRTs, uma vez que as casas localizadas na própria comunidade possibilitam a esses moradores, antes hospitalizados, um acesso a condições mínimas de dignidade. No eixo clínico, as ações de reabilitação psicossocial parecem focalizar os cuidados básicos com o corpo e com a casa, por meio de condutas pautadas pela palavra, pela escuta, pelo afeto e pelo acompanhamento direto a essas atividades da vida diária, promovendo uma mudança significativa na conformação desses corpos. No entanto, identificamos que o cuidado precisa ser ampliado na direção da acolhida da história desses corpos que trazem profundo sofrimento por terem suas sexualidades interrompidas e violentadas pela institucionalização psiquiátrica. Percebemos que os discursos sobre as expressões de sexualidade desses moradores e moradoras ora apresentam características da institucionalização, como infantilização, silenciamentos e condutas de tutela, assentados em padrões de gênero pautados na moral sexual cristã; ora, são discursos de reconhecimento dessa sexualidade como uma dimensão importante da vida desses sujeitos e que, portanto, precisa ser pensada pela equipe. Identificamos fragilidades no campo da conscientização dos direitos sexuais e dos direitos reprodutivos como elementos importantes no modelamento da atenção e dos modos de cuidar da equipe e, ainda, na compreensão da sexualidade desses moradores e dessas moradoras como um direito a ser garantido. Ainda nesse campo, encontram-se dificuldades de acesso à rede de serviços voltados para saúde do homem e da mulher. Diante disso, pensamos que a Reforma psiquiátrica precisa contemplar, em seu processo de inversão do modelo de atenção em saúde mental, uma pauta de ação que contemple o lugar de sentido da questão da sexualidade dos moradores e das moradoras dos SRTs, a fim de cuidar de uma dimensão de suas vidas há muito negligenciada pelas políticas públicas de saúde, promovendo, com isso, a autonomia e a cidadania. / This research emerges from the dialogue between Sexuality and Mental Health. We aimed at understanding the interface between madness and sexuality in the discourse of RTSs (Residential Therapeutic Servants) from Recife. Based on the epistemological grounds of social constructionism which denies naturalized and universal versions of reality, we understand madness and sexuality as social constructions. To analyze the collected data, Critical Discourse Analysis was used, focusing on the dynamics of power relations that articulate discourses. We discussed issues regarding the psychiatrization of madness, reviewing devices of body control and sexuality of mad individuals leading to the Psychiatric Reform in its Deinstitutionalization. Next, we explained some aspects of human sexuality from Foucault to Sexual and Reproductive Rights in its articulation to Mental Health. Research was conducted in the field of RTSs on qualitative approach. Data collection consisted of semi-structured interview with 09 RTS professionals – but only 06 were analyzed – field diary and observation of female RTS during data collection. We noticed advances in deinstitutionalization policies where the installation of RTSs is concerned, once the facilities located in the very community allow residents, previously committed, access to condition of minimal dignity. Clinically, actions of psychosocial rehabilitation seem to concentrate basic care on body and housing, by means of behavior modeled by speaking, listening, affection and direct support to daily activities, thus promoting significant change in the conformity of those bodies. However, we identified the necessity of extending such care towards embracing biographically the history of those bodies that carry deep suffering for having their sexualities interrupted and violated by psychiatric institutionalization. We noted that discourses on expression of sexuality from male and female residents either present characteristics of institutionalization, such as infantilization, silencing and guardianship, consolidated in patterns of gender shaped by Christian sexual moral; or are discourses of recognition of sexuality as an important dimension of these subjects’ lives and should, therefore, be taken into account by the staff. We identified fragilities in the field of awareness raising for sexual and reproductive rights as relevant elements in the modeling of attention and staff care’s attitude as well as in the comprehension of female and male residents’ sexuality as a right to be guaranteed. Also on this matter, difficulties were found in accessing healthcare service network for men and women. Bearing this in mind, Psychiatric Reform needs to embrace in the process of inverting the model of attention in mental health, a plan of action that includes the place of meaning of RTS male and female residents’ sexuality, in order to support a dimension of their lives long neglected by public health policies, therefore promoting autonomy and citizenship.
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Tribadismos na prisão: apagamentos e multiplicidades do cárcere em documentos oficiais que regulam os direitos humanos das lésbicas à visita íntima / Tribadisms in Prison: deletions and multiplicities prison in official documents governing the human rights of lesbians to conjugal visitMartins, Priscila Marília 06 July 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-07-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Amongst documents depicting regulations and policies of representation, the way some public bodies operate the intersectionalities of the perspectives along with the even defeated enlargement of sexual rights conception, may lead not only to constraint, identity stereotypes, biological determinism, but also perilous essentialisms and violence causing political and existential deletions of women willing to share their lives, sexuality, emotions and other possibilities of intimate relationship with one another. Having said that, compulsory heterosexuality - a great will on sexuality - continues to ban or even silence, in official speeches, the lesbian-desiring voices and to confine them into multiple jails. Thus, through documental analysis of some aspects of the National Plan of Penitentiary Policies (2011), the National Policies Plan for Womens (2013-2015), and also Resolution nº 4 of 29 June 2011 the National Council on Criminal and Penitentiary Policies and joint Resolution nº 1 of 15 April 2014 of CNPCP and the National Council for Combating Discrimination-LGBT, we aimed to reveal the obstacles to effectiveness and regulation of lesbian inmate visits in Brazilian prisons. / Entre documentos que apresentam normativas e políticas de representação, o modo como certos organismos públicos operam com as perspectivas das interseccionalidades e o ainda hipossuficiente alargamento do que se concebe por direitos sexuais conduzem à rigidez e estereótipos identitários, a determinismos biológicos, a perigosos essencialismos e a violências que geram apagamentos políticos, existenciais, de mulheres que desejam compartilhar suas vidas, sexualidade, afetos e outras possibilidades de se relacionarem intimamente com uma outra. Tendo isto posto, a heterossexualidade compulsória – uma vontade de verdade sobre a sexualidade – segue a interditar ou mesmo silenciar, em discursos oficiais, as vozes lésbico desejantes e a as confinar em uma multiplicidade de cárceres. Assim, ao realizar aqui uma análise documental de alguns aspectos do Plano Nacional de Políticas Penitenciárias (2011), do Plano Nacional de Políticas para as Mulheres (2013-2015), e, ainda, da Resolução nº 4 de 29 de junho de 2011 do Conselho Nacional de Política Criminal e Penitenciária e da Resolução conjunta nº1 de 15 de abril de 2014 do CNPCP e do Conselho Nacional de Combate à Discriminação-LGBT, buscou-se apontar problemáticas à efetivação e regulamentação da visita íntima para lésbicas reclusas em estabelecimentos penais no Brasil.
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Samtycke och sexuellt blomstrande : Hur den ortodoxa liberala synen på samtycke kan motverka sexuellt blomstrande / Consent and sexual flourishing : How the orthodox liberal view of consent can hinder sexual flourishingGustafsson Granström, Jonathan January 2023 (has links)
Sexual ethics is about the norms we should have when it comes to sex. It concerns how we should behave towards each other in terms of sexual acts. Within the field of sexual ethics, consent has acquired a central role in determining what is permissible and impermissible in sexual actions. This primarily focuses on whether consent can prevent sexual violation. Another focus is on whether individuals have a satisfying sexual life, a value that can be described as sexual flourishing. What has been missing in previous research is the emphasis on the relationship between consent and sexual flourishing. This is precisely the focus that this essay aims to explore - the connection between consent and sexual flourishing. In this essay, I will present arguments showing that consent and sexual flourishing do not harmonize well, and that consent can negatively impact sexual flourishing. The arguments are that consent creates an asymmetry between the sexual parties, based on two factors: that consent requires a strict structure that is lacking and that a person can relinquish their rights during the sexual act. I will then present two modifications of consent and examine whether they can avoid criticism and contribute to positive sexual flourishing. The conclusion is that due to consent requiring a specific structure tailored to agreements about objects, it is not suited for intimate situations involving bodily rights without further adjustments. / Sexuell etik handlar om vilka normer vi ska ha när det gäller sexuella relationer och sexakter och därmed hur vi ska agera mot varandra när det kommer till sexuella handlingar. Inom området för sexuell etik har samtycke fått en central roll för att avgöra tillåtna och otillåtna sexakter, inslag och handlingar. Diskussionen runt samtycke fokuserar ofta på om samtycke kan förhindra sexuella överträdelser. Ett annat fokus inom sexuell etik är om individerna har ett tillfredställande sexuellt liv. Ett värde som ska fånga detta är sexuellt blomstrande. Det som har saknats i tidigare forskning är fokuseringen på relationen mellan samtycke och personers sexuella blomstrande. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska vilka konsekvenser samtycke kan ha för sexuellt blomstrande. I denna uppsats kommer jag att argumentera för att samtycke kan påverka sexuellt blomstrande negativt. Argumenten är att samtycke skapar en asymmetri mellan de inblandade parterna baserat på två faktorer: att samtycke kräver en specificerad struktur som saknas under sexakter och att personer ger upp rättigheten till sexuellt självbestämmande under sexakten efter ett samtycke. Konsekvensen är att på grund av att samtycke utgår från en specifik struktur som inte är anpassad till överenskommelser om kroppar och intima situationer så måste modifikationer av samtycke utredas. Min slutsats är utan ytterligare modifikationer och förbättringar är samtycke inte lämplig för intima situationer.
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