O presente projeto propõe uma aproximação entre os conceitos de texturas sonoras, cuja perspectiva é abordar os aspectos do áudio na linguagem hipermídia, e de produção partilhada do conhecimento, proposição em que a construção do conhecimento é realizada de modo partilhado a partir de metodologias que buscam aproximar saberes diversos e que incluam diferentes matrizes de linguagem na produção de conhecimento científico, como imagem e som. A partir desta premissa pensamos a possibilidade de produzirmos conhecimento não mais sobre comunidades e não apenas pelo texto escrito, mas com interlocutores destas comunidades a partir da escuta sensível do outro representada em Texturas Sonoras pela linguagem hipermídia. Apontamos no conceito de Texturas Sonoras a relação com o conceito de Produção Partilhada de Conhecimento por meio dos conceitos de experiência estética, senso comum, jogo, cotidiano e escritas de ouvido. Resultado desse processo foi a produção partilhada da experiência estética Recados do Ser.Tão auOral , cuja estrutura e conteúdo digital foi baseada na conjunção de passagens da noveleta de Guimarães Rosa intitulada Recado do Morro, com fragmentos de registros sonoros realizados no sertão do norte de Minas Gerais, na cidade de Jequitibá, mais especificamente, registros das escutas dos rituais de Coroações de Reis Congo, que acontecem tradicionalmente na região. / This project proposes an approximation between the concepts of sound textures, whose perspective is to address the audio aspects of hypermedia language, and shared knowledge production, proposing that knowledge construction is carried out in shared mode from models that attemp bringing diverse wisdom and include different language arrays in the production of scientific knowledge, such as picture and sound. From this premise we think the ability to produce knowledge not about communities, not just the written text, but with representatives of these communities from the sensitive listening to the other represented in Sound Textures by hypermedia language. We point the concept of Sound Textures in relationship with the concept of Shared Knowledge Production through the concepts of aesthetic experience, common sense, game, quotidian and ear written. Result of this process was the shared production of an aesthetic experience named \"Recados do Ser.Tão auOral\" which the structure and digital content was based on passages of the novel by Guimarães Rosa entitled \"Recado do Morro\" with sound recordings of fragments carried in the wilderness of the north region of Minas Gerais, more percisely in the city of Jequitibá, tapping records of the rituals of Coronations of Congo Kings, which traditionally take place in the region.

Esta tese apresenta uma reflexão filosófica sobre a retomada epistemológica representada pela Produção Partilhada do Conhecimento. Ao contrário do saber universitário, marcado pelo uso da razão metódica originada no Iluminismo no século XVII, que distingue sujeito de objeto, a Produção Partilhada do Conhecimento busca a interatividade entre estatutos epistemológicos distintos, onde sujeitos tornam-se ao mesmo tempo objetos. A partir da análise do encontro entre os saberes da oralidade em culturas tradicionais, e o saber racional metódico da ciência universitária, a passagem da oralidade à escrita no processo de colonização das Américas e o uso da hipermídia no século XXI, o trabalho apresenta contribuições de Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jürgen Habermas e Paul Ricoeur quanto à necessidade de uma hermenêutica que estabeleça o entendimento entre culturas distintas, e enfim demonstra como a hipermídia representa um intermeio adequado pelo qual esta hermenêutica se expressa, ilustrando com exemplos de casos como o do pesquisador Caio Lazaneo junto a comunidades indígenas, e o trabalho dos pesquisadores do Instituto Socioambiental junto às comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira. / This thesis presents a philosophical reflection on the epistemological recovery represented by the Shared Production of Knowledge. Contrary to university knowledge, marked by the use of methodical reason originated in the Enlightenment in the seventeenth century, which distinguishes subject from object, the Shared Production of Knowledge seeks the interactivity between distinct epistemological statutes, where subjects become objects at the same time. Based on the analysis of the meeting between oral knowledge in traditional cultures and the methodical rational knowledge of university science, the transition from orality to writing in the colonization process of the Americas and the use of hypermedia in the 21st century, the work presents contributions of Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jürgen Habermas and Paul Ricoeur on the need for a hermeneutic that establishes the understanding between distinct cultures, and finally demonstrates how hypermedia represents one intermedia by which this hermeneutic is expressed, illustrating with examples of cases like the researcher Caio Lazaneo with indigenous communities, and the work of researchers from the Socioambiental Institute with the quilombolas (descendants of enslaved Africans) communities of the Vale do Ribeira.

O presente projeto propõe uma aproximação entre os conceitos de texturas sonoras, cuja perspectiva é abordar os aspectos do áudio na linguagem hipermídia, e de produção partilhada do conhecimento, proposição em que a construção do conhecimento é realizada de modo partilhado a partir de metodologias que buscam aproximar saberes diversos e que incluam diferentes matrizes de linguagem na produção de conhecimento científico, como imagem e som. A partir desta premissa pensamos a possibilidade de produzirmos conhecimento não mais sobre comunidades e não apenas pelo texto escrito, mas com interlocutores destas comunidades a partir da escuta sensível do outro representada em Texturas Sonoras pela linguagem hipermídia. Apontamos no conceito de Texturas Sonoras a relação com o conceito de Produção Partilhada de Conhecimento por meio dos conceitos de experiência estética, senso comum, jogo, cotidiano e escritas de ouvido. Resultado desse processo foi a produção partilhada da experiência estética Recados do Ser.Tão auOral , cuja estrutura e conteúdo digital foi baseada na conjunção de passagens da noveleta de Guimarães Rosa intitulada Recado do Morro, com fragmentos de registros sonoros realizados no sertão do norte de Minas Gerais, na cidade de Jequitibá, mais especificamente, registros das escutas dos rituais de Coroações de Reis Congo, que acontecem tradicionalmente na região. / This project proposes an approximation between the concepts of sound textures, whose perspective is to address the audio aspects of hypermedia language, and shared knowledge production, proposing that knowledge construction is carried out in shared mode from models that attemp bringing diverse wisdom and include different language arrays in the production of scientific knowledge, such as picture and sound. From this premise we think the ability to produce knowledge not about communities, not just the written text, but with representatives of these communities from the sensitive listening to the other represented in Sound Textures by hypermedia language. We point the concept of Sound Textures in relationship with the concept of Shared Knowledge Production through the concepts of aesthetic experience, common sense, game, quotidian and ear written. Result of this process was the shared production of an aesthetic experience named \"Recados do Ser.Tão auOral\" which the structure and digital content was based on passages of the novel by Guimarães Rosa entitled \"Recado do Morro\" with sound recordings of fragments carried in the wilderness of the north region of Minas Gerais, more percisely in the city of Jequitibá, tapping records of the rituals of Coronations of Congo Kings, which traditionally take place in the region.

Global software development is more challenging than the collocated software development. It requires extra effort to provide necessary information for coordinating the tasks activities which is natural in a collocated environment. Regardless of the task domain, team awareness (task awareness and presence awareness) is essential for coordinating the task activities both in collocated and distributed teams. As distance between the teams grows it requires disseminating the awareness information among team members to support coordination. In this study, we investigate how does the team awareness interact with other team cognition mechanisms like familiarity (i.e. task familiarity and team familiarity) and shared mental models (i.e. shared mental models of the task and shared mental models of the team). We also see how familiarity and shared mental models interact with each other. Then, we conjure its implications on coordination and team performance. Further, we investigate the level of team awareness on four segments of distance which are defined based on the distance between the pairs of teams (i.e. from collocated teams to the teams that are distributed across different time-zones). We used snowballing technique (i.e. forward snowballing and backward snowballing) for the literature review and conducted survey and semi-structures interviews for data collection. We found that team awareness has a positive effect on team cognition mechanisms (familiarity and shared mental models) and consequently has positive implications on coordination. Therefore, we postulate that team performance improves by providing the necessary awareness information to the software development teams. We found that, in addition to distance, there are other factors like task size, team size, team type and communication that also affect the team awareness in collocated and distributed collaborative software development teams. Finally, we presented a list of factors that can be incorporated in collaborative learning and development tools. / +46 455 38 50 00

Esta pesquisa de mestrado se destina a trazer uma reflexão, a partir da proposta de Produção Partilhada do Conhecimento, acerca do encontro entre a diversidade de saberes orais - presente na cultura oral e popular do Brasil -, e as atuais propostas de transformação das pesquisas nas Ciências Humanas. Por meio da História Oral, etnografia e pesquisa participante contextualizamos academicamente como pode acontecer esta parceria para a produção de conhecimento, em diálogo com a história de vida de Mestre Alcides de Lima Tserewaptu e relatos de vivências seus e de parceiras(os) do Centro de Estudos e Aplicação da Capoeira (CEACA), na cidade de São Paulo. A narrativa de sua jornada pela tradição oral e cultura popular em ambientes institucionais de ensino, tais como a Universidade de São Paulo USP e a Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Desembargador Amorim Lima, contando com o congado e a capoeira, manifestações de resistência e luta pela valorização cultura afro-brasileira, proporcionou a análise de possibilidades de caminhos para se pensar a interlocução destes saberes orais com as propostas teóricas nas áreas de história, cultura, antropologia e educação. A antropologia visual foi um dos meios de partilha e registro dos processos da pesquisa (entrevistas, rituais, batizados, reuniões). A prática - já desenvolvida pelo CEACA na produção de material audiovisual -, junto ao reconhecimento de que as tradições das culturas orais não podem ser transpostas para o escrito, garantiram uma colaboração mais coletiva e a legitimação desse método de pesquisa. Um dos resultados do trabalho é um registro audiovisual no qual o Mestre Alcides e algumas pessoas do CEACA colaboraram com a narrativa, inserção de materiais que representam a essência do grupo, seus valores, motivações e práticas em diálogo com as discussões teóricas. / This masters research intends to bring a reflection - from the proposal of Shared Knowledge Production - to the encounter between the diversity of oral knowledge - present in the oral and popular culture of Brazil -, and the current proposals for the transformation of researches in the Human Sciences. Through Oral History, ethnography and participant research, we seek to contextualize academically how this partnership for the production of knowledge, in dialogue with the life history of Mestre Alcides de Lima Tserewaptu, griô, and among the narratives of his experiences and from his partners at Center for the Study and Application of Capoeira (CEACA), in the city of São Paulo. The narrative of his journey through oral tradition and popular culture in educational institutions such as University of São Paulo and School Amorim Lima, counting on the congado and capoeira, manifestations of resistance and struggle for the valorization of Afro- Brazilian culture, provided the analysis of possibilities of ways to think the interlocution of these oral knowledge with theoretical proposals in the areas of history, culture, anthropology and education. Visual anthropology was one of the means of sharing and recording research processes (interviews, rituals, baptisms, meetings). The practice already developed by CEACA in the production of audiovisual material, allied with the recognition that oral traditions of oral cultures can not be transposed into writing, ensured a more collective collaboration and the legitimation of this method of research. One of the results of the work is an audiovisual record in which Mestre Alcides and some people of CEACA collaborated with the narrative, insertion of materials that represent the essence of the group, their values, motivations and practices in dialogue with the theoretical discussions.

<p>This dissertation presents a new theoretical solution to the sociological <i>problem of observability</i>: the question of the extent to which and by what means individuals "observe" or infer mental states of other individuals, thereby sharing knowledge with them. The answer offered here states that the social situation of <i>dialogue</i> permits a speaker to use utterances to compel a hearer to generate specific and expectable assumptions about some of the speaker's intentions and beliefs.</p><p>In order to show precisely why and how dialogue possesses this capacity, the dissertation proceeds deductively. Dialogue is defined as a situation where interlocutors (1) are <i>compelled to overhear</i> what the respective other is saying, (2) apply <i>socially shared semantic rules</i> to decode utterances into private cognitive representations, and (3) act <i>as if </i>they expect that any utterance they make will be met with a <i>reply of acceptance </i>rather than a reply of rejection. It is demonstrated that the bilateral operation and anticipation of these constraints allows the hearer of an utterance to make a systematic guess at the intentions and beliefs that led its speaker to produce it.</p><p>Drawing on the works of H. Paul Grice, the dissertation shows that the hearer's guess becomes systematic by focusing on an <i>underlying informative intention</i>. It corresponds to the intention the speaker could anticipate<i> </i>the hearer would ascribe to him. By means of this expectable imputation, the hearer arrives at an <i>adequate </i>explanation of what social goal the speaker's utterance was meant to achieve.</p><p>The treatise concludes by analyzing the specific conditions under which a minimum sequence of three turns leads to <i>mutually ratified shared knowledge</i>. Whereas the status of merely shared knowledge is fundamentally precarious, mutually ratified shared knowledge is mutually recognized to be mutually known and, therefore, constitutes a societal solution to the problem of observability.</p>

This dissertation presents a new theoretical solution to the sociological problem of observability: the question of the extent to which and by what means individuals "observe" or infer mental states of other individuals, thereby sharing knowledge with them. The answer offered here states that the social situation of dialogue permits a speaker to use utterances to compel a hearer to generate specific and expectable assumptions about some of the speaker's intentions and beliefs. In order to show precisely why and how dialogue possesses this capacity, the dissertation proceeds deductively. Dialogue is defined as a situation where interlocutors (1) are compelled to overhear what the respective other is saying, (2) apply socially shared semantic rules to decode utterances into private cognitive representations, and (3) act as if they expect that any utterance they make will be met with a reply of acceptance rather than a reply of rejection. It is demonstrated that the bilateral operation and anticipation of these constraints allows the hearer of an utterance to make a systematic guess at the intentions and beliefs that led its speaker to produce it. Drawing on the works of H. Paul Grice, the dissertation shows that the hearer's guess becomes systematic by focusing on an underlying informative intention. It corresponds to the intention the speaker could anticipate the hearer would ascribe to him. By means of this expectable imputation, the hearer arrives at an adequate explanation of what social goal the speaker's utterance was meant to achieve. The treatise concludes by analyzing the specific conditions under which a minimum sequence of three turns leads to mutually ratified shared knowledge. Whereas the status of merely shared knowledge is fundamentally precarious, mutually ratified shared knowledge is mutually recognized to be mutually known and, therefore, constitutes a societal solution to the problem of observability.

Esta pesquisa de mestrado se destina a trazer uma reflexão, a partir da proposta de Produção Partilhada do Conhecimento, acerca do encontro entre a diversidade de saberes orais - presente na cultura oral e popular do Brasil -, e as atuais propostas de transformação das pesquisas nas Ciências Humanas. Por meio da História Oral, etnografia e pesquisa participante contextualizamos academicamente como pode acontecer esta parceria para a produção de conhecimento, em diálogo com a história de vida de Mestre Alcides de Lima Tserewaptu e relatos de vivências seus e de parceiras(os) do Centro de Estudos e Aplicação da Capoeira (CEACA), na cidade de São Paulo. A narrativa de sua jornada pela tradição oral e cultura popular em ambientes institucionais de ensino, tais como a Universidade de São Paulo USP e a Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Desembargador Amorim Lima, contando com o congado e a capoeira, manifestações de resistência e luta pela valorização cultura afro-brasileira, proporcionou a análise de possibilidades de caminhos para se pensar a interlocução destes saberes orais com as propostas teóricas nas áreas de história, cultura, antropologia e educação. A antropologia visual foi um dos meios de partilha e registro dos processos da pesquisa (entrevistas, rituais, batizados, reuniões). A prática - já desenvolvida pelo CEACA na produção de material audiovisual -, junto ao reconhecimento de que as tradições das culturas orais não podem ser transpostas para o escrito, garantiram uma colaboração mais coletiva e a legitimação desse método de pesquisa. Um dos resultados do trabalho é um registro audiovisual no qual o Mestre Alcides e algumas pessoas do CEACA colaboraram com a narrativa, inserção de materiais que representam a essência do grupo, seus valores, motivações e práticas em diálogo com as discussões teóricas. / This masters research intends to bring a reflection - from the proposal of Shared Knowledge Production - to the encounter between the diversity of oral knowledge - present in the oral and popular culture of Brazil -, and the current proposals for the transformation of researches in the Human Sciences. Through Oral History, ethnography and participant research, we seek to contextualize academically how this partnership for the production of knowledge, in dialogue with the life history of Mestre Alcides de Lima Tserewaptu, griô, and among the narratives of his experiences and from his partners at Center for the Study and Application of Capoeira (CEACA), in the city of São Paulo. The narrative of his journey through oral tradition and popular culture in educational institutions such as University of São Paulo and School Amorim Lima, counting on the congado and capoeira, manifestations of resistance and struggle for the valorization of Afro- Brazilian culture, provided the analysis of possibilities of ways to think the interlocution of these oral knowledge with theoretical proposals in the areas of history, culture, anthropology and education. Visual anthropology was one of the means of sharing and recording research processes (interviews, rituals, baptisms, meetings). The practice already developed by CEACA in the production of audiovisual material, allied with the recognition that oral traditions of oral cultures can not be transposed into writing, ensured a more collective collaboration and the legitimation of this method of research. One of the results of the work is an audiovisual record in which Mestre Alcides and some people of CEACA collaborated with the narrative, insertion of materials that represent the essence of the group, their values, motivations and practices in dialogue with the theoretical discussions.

Purpose – Motivated by the increasing role of information technology (IT) in today’s organizations, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between business and IT executives in order to improve the organizational performance of the different aspects of IT technology and related systems. In the process, special attention is given to drivers which facilitate the cooperation between the parties involved. Design/methodology/approach – This survey-based research utilizes structural equation modeling methodology to uncover the relevant variables pertaining to the promotion of a positive social and strategic context needed to increase the effectiveness of organizational IT facets. Findings – The effectiveness of IT in modern organizations is contingent on a social alignment, business – IT alignment, strategic consistency, and common vision among the people who manage the IT function and those who need the organization. Research limitations/implications – This study is based on a sample of Portuguese manufacturing organizations. Therefore, findings and conclusions should be interpreted accordingly. In this context, future research in other organizational cultural settings is called for in order to refine and validate the results of this study. Practical implications – The role of establishing an organizational culture which stresses the common goal and mutual trust and cooperation in creating effective IT organizational utilization is underscored. As such, business executives are encouraged to exercise their leadership skills in order to create an organizational strategy which aligns IT capabilities and investments with the competitive strategy of the organization. In this context, creating an organizational culture which promotes business – IT alignment in a healthy social context is necessary. Originality/value – The issues and concerns addressed in this study should bridge the gap between business and IT executives. In the process, this study facilitates and encourages the effective utilization of the different facets of IT technology as they better serve the people of the organization. This advances the cost and practice of the strategic organizational role of IT investments.

Organizations benefit from the knowledge held by individual members as well as knowledge that is shared among those members. In order for knowledge to co-develop between members, and to spread, organizations must provide opportunities for members to collaborate. Organizational teams sometimes require assistance with interpersonal communication, establishing consensus, and sharing knowledge when collaborating. Group facilitators can offer guidance and intervene when teams need support. In addition, teams can find support through the use of visual representation boundary objects (VRBOs) to build trust, improve communication, increase cooperation, and share ideas. This study explores how knowledge is shared between team members and uncovers the importance of social interaction during the co-development of shared knowledge. The role that group facilitators play in team collaboration is highlighted. The results of the study indicate that a positive relationship exists between the use of a VRBO and the development of shared knowledge amongst a team. Patterns emerged from the findings that reveal a structure to the team’s collective meaning making that constitutes an underlying theory of action. The author examines the benefits of using VRBOs for teams and organizations including improved collaboration and communication.