• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 30
  • 16
  • 4
  • 4
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 62
  • 62
  • 25
  • 19
  • 13
  • 12
  • 11
  • 11
  • 10
  • 8
  • 8
  • 8
  • 8
  • 8
  • 6
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Caracterização molecular e fenotípica da disseminação de diferentes sorotipos de Escherichia coli enteroinvasora em células epiteliais intestinais da linhagem Caco-2 / Phenotypic and molecular characterization of dissemination from different serotypes of Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in intestinal epitelial cells lineage Caco-2

Santos, Hadassa Cristhina de Azevedo Soares dos 13 March 2012 (has links)
Escherichia coli enteroinvasora (EIEC) e Shigella spp. causam disenteria bacilar, caracterizada pela destruição das células epiteliais da mucosa do cólon do hospedeiro. Ambos os microrganismos apresentam características bioquímicas, genéticas e patogênicas semelhantes, porém a doença causada por EIEC se apresenta numa forma mais branda e auto limitante. Dois genes plasmidiais, icsA e icsB estão envolvidos na disseminação intra e intercelular da bactéria, fator importante na produção e resolução da doença. Trabalhos anteriores mostraram que S. flexneri M90T possui uma capacidade maior de disseminação do que o sorotipo de EIEC O124:H-. Devido a esses resultados surgiu a seguinte pergunta: Será que essas diferenças moleculares e fenotípicas estariam restritas ao sorotipo O124:H- ou é comum ao patotipo EIEC? Assim, neste trabalho avaliamos as características fenotípicas e moleculares de onze diferentes sorotipos de EIEC e as comparamos com as amostras de S. flexneri. Pelo ensaio de placas de lise em células Caco-2 mostramos que a capacidade de disseminação de todos os sorotipos de EIEC é menor quando comparada à Shigella M90T. Ao avaliar as sequências gênicas vimos polimorfismos dos genes icsA e icsB dentro do grupo EIEC, assim como em relação aos sorotipos S. flexneri 2a e S. flexneri 5a. A menor disseminação, apresentado pelo patotipo de E. coli, pode estar associada com o processo de ligação e/ou recrutamento de N-WASP, como também na interação com outras proteínas do hospedeiro. / Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and Shigella spp cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invading and multiplying within epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa. Although EIEC and Shigella spp share many genetic and biochemical similarities, the illness caused by EIEC is less severe. The effector proteins IcsA and IcsB are important in the physiopathology of the disease triggered by EIEC and Shigella spp. IcsA is required for intracellular actin-based motility, and the role of IcsB is to camouflage IcsA from the autophagic host defense system. Previous studies showed that EIEC O124:H- showed a significantly less efficient cell-to-cell Caco-2 dissemination when compared with S. flexneri. Due to these results the following question arose: Are molecular and phenotypic differences restricted to serotype O124:H- or is it common to EIEC pathotype? Thus, this study evaluated the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of eleven different serotypes of EIEC and compares them to samples of S. flexneri. All EIEC serotypes presented lower cell-to-cell Caco-2 dissemination compared to Shigella M90T, and the differences between this two species expanded to the icsA and icsB gene sequences, in which it was possible to observe a polymorphism of the genes. The smallest spread presented by EIEC E. coli pathotype could be associated with the connection process and/or recruitment of N-WASP, as well as to other important host proteins.
22

Caracterização molecular e fenotípica da disseminação de diferentes sorotipos de Escherichia coli enteroinvasora em células epiteliais intestinais da linhagem Caco-2 / Phenotypic and molecular characterization of dissemination from different serotypes of Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in intestinal epitelial cells lineage Caco-2

Hadassa Cristhina de Azevedo Soares dos Santos 13 March 2012 (has links)
Escherichia coli enteroinvasora (EIEC) e Shigella spp. causam disenteria bacilar, caracterizada pela destruição das células epiteliais da mucosa do cólon do hospedeiro. Ambos os microrganismos apresentam características bioquímicas, genéticas e patogênicas semelhantes, porém a doença causada por EIEC se apresenta numa forma mais branda e auto limitante. Dois genes plasmidiais, icsA e icsB estão envolvidos na disseminação intra e intercelular da bactéria, fator importante na produção e resolução da doença. Trabalhos anteriores mostraram que S. flexneri M90T possui uma capacidade maior de disseminação do que o sorotipo de EIEC O124:H-. Devido a esses resultados surgiu a seguinte pergunta: Será que essas diferenças moleculares e fenotípicas estariam restritas ao sorotipo O124:H- ou é comum ao patotipo EIEC? Assim, neste trabalho avaliamos as características fenotípicas e moleculares de onze diferentes sorotipos de EIEC e as comparamos com as amostras de S. flexneri. Pelo ensaio de placas de lise em células Caco-2 mostramos que a capacidade de disseminação de todos os sorotipos de EIEC é menor quando comparada à Shigella M90T. Ao avaliar as sequências gênicas vimos polimorfismos dos genes icsA e icsB dentro do grupo EIEC, assim como em relação aos sorotipos S. flexneri 2a e S. flexneri 5a. A menor disseminação, apresentado pelo patotipo de E. coli, pode estar associada com o processo de ligação e/ou recrutamento de N-WASP, como também na interação com outras proteínas do hospedeiro. / Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and Shigella spp cause bacillary dysentery in humans by invading and multiplying within epithelial cells of the colonic mucosa. Although EIEC and Shigella spp share many genetic and biochemical similarities, the illness caused by EIEC is less severe. The effector proteins IcsA and IcsB are important in the physiopathology of the disease triggered by EIEC and Shigella spp. IcsA is required for intracellular actin-based motility, and the role of IcsB is to camouflage IcsA from the autophagic host defense system. Previous studies showed that EIEC O124:H- showed a significantly less efficient cell-to-cell Caco-2 dissemination when compared with S. flexneri. Due to these results the following question arose: Are molecular and phenotypic differences restricted to serotype O124:H- or is it common to EIEC pathotype? Thus, this study evaluated the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of eleven different serotypes of EIEC and compares them to samples of S. flexneri. All EIEC serotypes presented lower cell-to-cell Caco-2 dissemination compared to Shigella M90T, and the differences between this two species expanded to the icsA and icsB gene sequences, in which it was possible to observe a polymorphism of the genes. The smallest spread presented by EIEC E. coli pathotype could be associated with the connection process and/or recruitment of N-WASP, as well as to other important host proteins.
23

Clonagem molecular do gene ipaC de Shigella sp e estudo da expressão por Lactococcus lactis / Molecular cloning and expression analysis in Lactococcus lactis of ipaC gene from Shigella sp

Mobilon, Cristiane, 1982- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Wanderley Dias da Silveira, Eliana Guedes Stehling / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T01:02:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mobilon_Cristiane_D.pdf: 11609484 bytes, checksum: 06504829a16dd9fe15e1e7aff6ed5392 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A shigelose, uma infecção intestinal grave, causada por bactérias Gram-negativas pertencentes ao gênero Shigella, é uma patologia com incidência significativa, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento, onde ocorrem 99% dos casos relatados, sendo que, 69% deles acometem crianças menores de 5 anos de idade. A alta incidência de Shigella em países em desenvolvimento é, geralmente, atribuída à falta de saneamento básico, condições de higiene inadequadas, subnutrição e alto custo dos antimicrobianos. O modo predominante de transmissão ocorre por via fecal-oral. Os mecanismos de patogenicidade descritos para as diferentes espécies de Shigella incluem numerosos genes de virulência, sendo a maioria encontrada em um plasmídio (pINV) de 220 kb. O plasmídio pINV de S. flexneri codifica 2 operons cruciais para seu fenótipo invasivo: o operon ipa e o operon mxi-spa. O operon ipa codifica os antígenos plasmidiais de invasão denominados IpaA, IpaB, IpaC e IpaD, os quais são efetores para o processo de invasão bacteriana. O operon mxi-spa juntamente com as proteínas IpaB, IpaC e IpaD são essenciais para a invasão in vitro de células epiteliais. Sabe-se, também, que essas proteínas, ou antígenos plasmidiais de invasão, podem ser altamente imunogênicos. Neste trabalho, clonou-se o gene ipaC no vetor pET28a para expressão em Escherichia coli e em vetores constitutivos para bactérias lácticas com a finalidade de se verificar a capacidade imunogênica da proteína expressa por este gene. Além disso, verificou-se que os anticorpos produzidos pela resposta à proteína IpaC foram capazes de inibir a adesão e invasão de Shigella flexneri em culturas celulares cultivadas in vitro confirmando, assim, a importância dessa proteína no processo invasivo da bactéria e seu possível uso no desenvolvimento de futuras vacinas a serem usadas contra a shigelose / Abstract: Shigellosis is a severe intestinal infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria which belongs to the genus Shigella. It is a pathology with high incidence and it is known that 99% of cases occur in underdevelopment countries. Among these cases, 69% of them affect children under 5 years old. The high incidence of Shigella in underdevelopment countries, is mainly atribbuted to substandard hygiene, unsafe water supplies, subnutrition and antibiotic high cost. The predominant mode of transmission is by fecal-oral contact. The pathogenicity mechanisms described for Shigella species include several virulence genes, most of them been encoded in a plasmid (pINV) with 220 kb. This plasmid encodes 2 important operons which are essential for the invasive phenotype: the operon ipa and the operon mxi-spa. The ipa operon encodes the invasion plasmid antigens called IpaA, IpaB, IpaC and IpaD, which are effector proteins required for the bacteria invasion process. The mxi-spa operon together with IpaB, IpaC and IpaD are essential to epithelial in vitro cell invasion. It is also known that these proteins or invasion plasmid antigens may be highly immunogenic. During the development of this work, ipaC gene was cloned in the plasmidial vector pET28a for expression in Escherichia coli and in constitutive vectors for lactic acid bacteria to prove its immunogenic importance. Furthermore it was verified that the antibodies produced in response to IpaC protein were able to inhibit Shigella flexneri adhesion and invasion in in vitro cultured cells, confirming its important hole in bacteria invasion process and its possible usage in vaccine development against shigellosis / Doutorado / Genetica de Microorganismos / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
24

Análise comparativa da transcrição de genes envolvidos na invasão e escape de \'Escherichia coli\' enteroinvasora e \'Shigella flexneri\' em macrófagos J774 / Comparative analysis of the transcription of genes involved in the invasion and escape of enteroinvasora Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri in J774 macrophages.

José Antonio Tavares de Albuquerque 18 August 2006 (has links)
Escherichia coli enteroinvasora (EIEC) possuem características bioquímicas e genéticas semelhantes às de Shigella, porém para que ocorra um processo infeccioso são necessárias 102 células de Shigella em relação a 106 células de EIEC. A patogenicidade de Shigella e EIEC se dá pela presença de um plasmídio de virulência denominado pInv, que contêm os genes necessários para a invasão e disseminação bacteriana nas células do hospedeiro. Estudos anteriores relataram que os genes ipaA, ipaB, ipaC e ipaD de EIEC e Shigella não possuem diferenças genéticas que possam explicar sua diferença de patogenicidade. No presente trabalho, foram avaliados os níveis transcricionais dos genes envolvidos na invasão e disseminação dessas bactérias. Pela técnica de RT-PCR semi-quantitativo, pode-se observar diferenças nos níveis de transcrição para a maioria dos genes de virulência selecionados, quando as bactérias estavam em contato com os macrófagos. Porém, sem o contato com estas células, o nível de transcrição dos genes foi o mesmo entre as espécies, com exceção do gene ipaD. Foi verificada que a transcrição deste gene em contato com macrófago é praticamente a mesma entre as bactérias, enquanto que na ausência de macrófagos, o nível de transcrição é bem menor em EIEC, quando comparado no mesmo intervalo de tempo. Após estes resultados foram selecionados os principais genes para estudo por PCR em tempo real. Foi possível observar que o nível de transcrição de EIEC é menor, em relação a Shigella. Mais ainda, a análise dos genes dentro do mesmo operon mostrou uma cinética de transcrição distinta do icsB em relação a outros genes do operon das ipas. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que esta diferença de transcrição possa estar relacionada com a virulência mais branda em EIEC. Ainda mais, Os genes pertencentes ao operon icsB-ipaCB parecem ser regulados de forma distinta. Além disso, a transcrição de ipaD em EIEC, provavelmente, depende de uma via de sinalização distinta de Shigella flexneri. Diante desses resultados, novos estudos estão sendo propostos em nosso laboratório para melhor compreensão do mecanismo de virulência desse enteropatógeno. / Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) serotypes described so far share antigenic, biochemical, genetic and pathogenetic properties with Shigella sp. However, in order for an infectious process to occur, an inoculum of 102 Shigella cells is needed in contrast to as much as 106 EIEC cells. The characteristic ability of S. flexneri and EIEC to enter epithelial cells, multiply intracellularly and spread from cell to cell is uniquely encoded by their 220-kb virulence plasmid. Previous studies realized in our laboratory showed that the genes ipaA, ipaB, ipaC and ipaD do not possess molecular alterations in the nucleotides sequences that can explain the difference in the pathogenicity between EIEC and Shigella spp. In the present work, the transcription levels of the bacterial genes involved in the invasion and escape from host cells were evaluated. Through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, differences in the transcription levels for the majority selected virulence genes could be observed when bacteria were in contact with the macrophages. However, without the contact with those cells, the transcription levels of the genes were the same between both bacteria species, with the exception of ipaD. When the bacteria is in contact with macrophages, the transcription of ipaD is the same in both species whereas in the absence of macrophages, the transcription level is lower in EIEC than Shigella, when compared in the same period of time. Those results provided the selection of the genes for the real time PCR analysis. In general, the EIEC transcription levels genes are lower than Shigella. More still, the icsB showed a distinct kinetic of transcription from the others genes in the same operon. All results suggest that the lower pathogenicity due to EIEC can partially have to the differences of the virulence genes transcription. Still more, the genes-encoded by operon icsB-ipaCB seem to be regulated of a distinct form. Therefore, transcription of the ipaD in EIEC probably depends on distinct signaling way of S. flexneri. New studies shows to be necessary for the better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of EIEC.
25

Estudo molecular e comparado de linhagens de Shigella sonnei e Shigella flexneri, isoladas de casos de shiguelose das regiões metropolitanas de Campinas e Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil / Molecular and comparative study of Shigella sonnei and Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri strains, isolated from shiguellosis in Campinas and Ribeirão Preto metropolitam areas, São Paulo, Brazil

Angelini, Michelle 06 January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Wanderley Dias da Silveira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T11:08:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angelini_Michelle_D.pdf: 4094056 bytes, checksum: b80e9ba086ee8f30b823ce5b5718f3c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: As bactérias do gênero Shigella spp. são responsáveis por infecções intestinais endêmicas e epidêmicas denominadas shigueloses. As shigueloses, transmitidas por via fecal-oral, principalmente através das mãos e água contaminadas, são responsáveis por 10% dos casos de diarréia entre crianças até cinco anos de idade em países em desenvolvimento. Estima-se que, anualmente, 1,1 milhões de pessoas morram de infecções causadas por Shigella. No Brasil, estudos revelam que as shigueloses estão entre as principais causas de diarréia. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a análise clonal comparativa de 119 linhagens de Shigella spp., entre elas 57 S. flexneri e 62 S. sonnei, isoladas de diferentes casos de shiguelose ocorridos nas regiões metropolitanas de Campinas e Ribeirão Preto, Estado de São Paulo, pelos métodos de PCR da seqüência consenso intergênica repetitiva enterobacteriana (ERIC-PCR), de PCR de elementos extragênicos palindrômicos repetitivos (REP-PCR), análise do padrão de macro-restrição em gel de eltroforese com campo pulsado e análise da presença de integrons. A maior parte dos casos de shiguelose estudados aconteceram no verão, estação de maior precipitação de chuvas. Do total de casos, 57,9% das infecções causadas por S. sonnei e 64,4% das causadas por S. flexneri afetaram crianças com menos de 5 anos de idade. Pela análise de ERIC e REP-PCR foram caracterizados grupos de identidade entre as linhagens isoladas em ambas regiões. Pela análise de PFGE caracterizaram-se os genótipos circulantes nas regiões. Não foi possível determinar uma correlação entre a presença dos integrons, o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos e os resultados obtidos pelos métodos utilizados neste trabalho nas linhagens de S. sonnei pesquisadas. / Abstract: The bacteria of the genus Shigella spp. are responsible for endemic and epidemic intestinal infections called shigellosis. The shigellosis, transmitted by fecal-oral route, mainly through the hands and contaminated water, are responsible for 10% of cases of diarrhea among children under five years of age in developing countries. It is estimated that annually 1.1 million people die from infections caused by Shigella. In Brazil, studies show that shigellosis are among the main causes of diarrhea. The present study was carried out to examine the clonal variation of 119 strains of Shigella spp., including 57 S. flexneri and 62 S. sonnei, isolated from different cases of shigellosis occurred in the metropolitan regions of Campinas and Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, by ERIC-PCR, REP-PCR, and PFGE methods and by integrons profile analysis. Most of shigellosis cases happened in summer, season of highest precipitation of rain. Of the total cases, 57.9% of infections caused by S. sonnei and 64.4% of infections caused by S. flexneri affected children under 5 years of age. By analysis of ERIC and REP-PCR groups were characterized for identity between the strains isolated in both regions. By the analysis of PFGE circulating genotypes were characterized in the regions. It was not possible to determine a correlation among the presence of integrons, the profile of resistance to antibiotics and the results obtained by the methods used in this work in strains of S. sonnei investigated. / Doutorado / Doutor em Genetica e Biologia Molecular
26

Caractérisation des gènes SfpgdA, Sfgtr4, virK et spa24 dans la virulence de Shigella flexneri

Kaoukab-Raji, Abdelmoughit 01 June 2012 (has links)
Shigella flexneri est une bactérie à Gram négatif responsable du décès d’environ un million d’individus par an dont la majorité est des enfants âgés de moins de 5 ans. A ce jour, aucun vaccin satisfaisant n’est disponible et la résistance aux antibiotiques ne cesse dangereusement d’augmenter. Pour éradiquer la shigellose il est impératif de comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires associés à la pathogénie de Shigella.<p>Dans le cadre de notre projet de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la caractérisation de plusieurs gènes situés sur le plasmide de virulence de S. flexneri dont SfpgdA, Sfgtr4, virK et les gènes spa9, spa24 et spa29 localisés dans la région d’entrée spécifiant l’appareil de sécrétion de type 3 (AST3). Pour ce faire, nous avons dans un premier temps généré des souches de Shigella mutées (KO) de ces gènes et étudié ensuite leurs propriétés de virulence aussi bien in vitro, dans des modèles cellulaires, qu’in vivo, dans un modèle animal. Nos résultats montrent que le gène SfpgdA code pour une peptidoglycane (PG) déacétylase nécessaire à la survie de Shigella dans les polymorphonucleaire neutrophiles (PMNs). Nous avons également montré que le gène Sfgtr4 spécifie une lipopolysacharide (LPS) glycosyle transférase impliquée dans la résistance au lysozyme et dans la survie dans les PMNs. Des études antérieures avaient montré qu’une mutation à l’aide d’un transposon du gène virK abolissait la dissémination de Shigella entre les cellules épithéliales par un mécanisme restant inconnu. Afin d’investiguer ce mécanisme, nous avons construit un mutant non-polaire du gène virK et étudié son phénotype. A notre grand étonnement, nous avons démontré que ce mutant présente les mêmes propriétés de virulence que la souche sauvage de Shigella. Par contre, comme pour les gènes SfpgdA et Sfgtr4, nous avons montré que le mutant virK est également affecté dans sa résistance au lysozyme et dans sa persistance dans les PMNs. De plus, nous avons montré que l’ensemble des gènes SfpgdA, Sfgtr4 et virK, est impliqué dans la résistance au système immunitaire grâce à la régulation de la sécrétion des cytokines proinflammatoires TNF-α et IL-6. L’existence d’homologie frappante entre les 3 gènes étudiés et des gènes impliqués dans la formation de biofilm chez plusieurs bactéries nous a incités à investiguer cette propriété pour Shigella. Nous avons ainsi montré, pour la première fois, que la souche sauvage de Shigella forme des biofilms in vitro. De plus, nous avons montré que cette formation est accélérée dans les mutants SfpgdA, Sfgtr4 et virK. Finalement, nous avons identifié un réseau d’interactions entre SfPgdA, SfGtr4, VirK et MsbB2, suggérant l’existence d’un complexe localisé à la surface bactérienne qui serait responsable des modifications engendrées au niveau du PG et ou LPS. <p>Dans une autre partie de notre travail nous nous sommes intéressés aux gènes spa9, spa24 et spa29. Nous avons montré que ces 3 gènes sont nécessaires à la sécrétion des protéines de virulence et à l’invasion cellulaire. De plus, nous avons montré qu’un domaine central de la protéine Spa24 (Spa24SD) est nécessaire à l’assemblage de l’AST3 grâce à ces interactions avec différents composants de ce système.<p>La dernière partie de notre travail a porté sur l’étude du gène orf182 et du gène ushA qui existe en 2 copies dans le génome bactérien (un plasmidique et un chromosomique). Les souches de Shigella KO de ces gènes, dans les tests effectués in vitro, présentent approximativement le phénotype sauvage et devraient faire l’objet d’étude plus avancées. <p>En conclusion, nos travaux feront l’objet de 4 publications et représentent une contribution importante à la compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires associés à la pathogénie de Shigella. De plus, nos travaux dépasseront le cadre de Shigella puisque les gènes étudiés ici sont conservés chez plusieurs bactéries pathogènes.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
27

Distribución de enterotoxinas ShET1 y ShET2 en cepas de Shigella flexneri y Shigella sonnei aisladas de niños chilenos con cuadro diarreico

Lorca González, Maribel January 2004 (has links)
Memoria para optar al Titulo Profesional de Médico Veterinario / Shigella spp. es una bacteria Gram negativa que pertenece a la familia Enterobacteriaceae, intracelular facultativa, responsable de la disentería bacilar en el ser humano. Al año ocurren más de un millón de muertes producto de infecciones por Shigella spp., donde la mayoría de los afectados son niños de países subdesarrollados ( Philpott et al, 2000). La patogénesis de Shigella radica en su capacidad de invadir el epitelio intestinal, gatillando una inflamación aguda con ulceración de la mucosa intestinal y la producción de abscesos ( Goldberg et al, 1993). La fase inicial del cuadro, en muchos pacientes, puede presentarse con una diarrea acuosa que puede o no continuar con disentería. Se han descrito dos factores de virulencia que serían responsables de esta diarrea acuosa: enterotoxinas de Shigella 1 y 2 ( ShET1 y ShET2) ( Vargas et al, 1999). El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la distribución de ShET1 y ShET2 en dos especies de Shigella: S. flexneri y S. sonnei aisladas de niños con cuadro diarreico ( en un período estival entre 1999-2002). Durante este período se recolectaron 170 muestras, de las cuales se analizaron 104 cepas (51 cepas de S. flexneri y 53 cepas de S. sonnei). Se determinó la presencia de los genes de las enterotoxinas mediante la técnica molecular de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) con partidores específicos. De las cepas estudiadas, 52 (50 %) presentaron 1 o ambos genes que codifican para dichas enterotoxinas, de las cuales 7 cepas (6,7 %) de S. flexneri poseían el gen de ShET1, 25 (23,9 %) el gen de ShET2, y 20 (19,2 %) presentaron ambos genes de las enterotoxinas. De las cepas de S. sonnei 16 (15,3 %) presentaron el gen de ShET2 / Proyecto DID ENL 02/21
28

Identificação de epitopos imunogêncos de Shigella flexneri

Pardo, Mayana Cristina da Silva, 92-98238-7650 18 November 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-10-18T15:48:16Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação Parcial - Mayana Cristina S. Pardo.pdf: 2758393 bytes, checksum: 9b78b369931f18a430b77faca7be9c89 (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-10-18T15:48:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação Parcial - Mayana Cristina S. Pardo.pdf: 2758393 bytes, checksum: 9b78b369931f18a430b77faca7be9c89 (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T15:48:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação Parcial - Mayana Cristina S. Pardo.pdf: 2758393 bytes, checksum: 9b78b369931f18a430b77faca7be9c89 (MD5) Reprodução Não Autorizada.pdf: 47716 bytes, checksum: 0353d988c60b584cfc9978721c498a11 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-18 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Shigella sp. is responsible for one of the leading causes of child morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Infection by this bacterium is known as shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, a highly contagious inflammatory diarrhea. Antibiotic therapy against shigellosis has become a challenge due to the increasing resistance to antibiotics presented by clinical isolates. Thus, immunoprophylaxis directed towards the development of vaccines has become a priority for the World Health Organization in the fight against shigellosis. Considering the need to develop new vaccination strategies for the control of shigellosis and the absence of a licensed and safe vaccine, the present work proposed to identify B cell epitopes of the OmpA and FimH proteins of Shigella flexneri with immunogenic potential, using in silico analyzes for the prediction, besides evaluating the humoral response of mice immunized with synthetic peptides that mimic these epitopes. Through the IEDB program, 11 epitopes (5 for OmpA and 6 for FimH) were predicted and the corresponding peptides were synthesized. The 3D structure of these antigens was also constructed to facilitate the prediction of epitopes. Peptides that reacted to the anti-Shigella antiserum were selected for immunization of immunocompetent mice. The anti-peptide antisera P1 (positive control), P2, P3 and P4 were produced and tested against 13 wild isolates of Shigella flexneri, and showed 92.3% (12/13) of recognition by the corresponding epitope in the native protein present in the strains Tested. The most immunodominant epitope was P2 with a statistically significant result (P <0.0422), when the level of recognition of P2 was compared with P1, significant differences were also observed (P <0.0155). The P4 epitope was the second immunodominant epitope and is located in one of the loops on the surface of the OmpA, whereas the P2 epitope which was the most immunodominant is located in the globular domain in the periplasmic space. However, the antibodies produced against the P2 and P4 peptides were able to recognize wild isolates of S. flexneri, this result makes it possible to infer that these peptides have potential for a vaccine candidate. / Shigella sp. é responsável por uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade infantil, especialmente em países em desenvolvimento. A infecção por esta bactéria é conhecida como shigelose ou disenteria bacilar, uma diarreia inflamatória altamente contagiosa. A antibioticoterapia contra shigelose tem se tornado um desafio devido à crescente resistência aos antibióticos apresentada pelos isolados clínicos. Dessa maneira, a imunoprofilaxia direcionada para o desenvolvimento de vacinas tem se tornado prioridade pela Organização Mundial de Saúde no combate a shigelose. Considerando a necessidade de desenvolver novas estratégias de vacinação para o controle da shigelose, uma vez que ainda não existe uma vacina licenciada segura e eficaz, o presente trabalho objetivou identificar epitopos de célula B das proteínas OmpA e FimH de Shigella flexneri com potencial imunogênico, utilizando de análises in silico para a predição, além de avaliar a resposta humoral de camundongos imunizados com peptídeos sintéticos que imitam estes epitopos. Através do programa IEDB foram preditas 11 epitopos (5 para OmpA e 6 para FimH) e os peptídeos correspondentes foram sintetizados. A estrutura 3D desses antígenos também foi construída para facilitar a predição dos epitopos. Os peptídeos que reagiram ao antissoro anti-Shigella, foram selecionados para imunização de camundongos imunocompetentes. Os antissoros antipeptídeos P1 (controle positivo), P2, P3 e P4 foram produzidos e testados contra 13 isolados selvagens de Shigella flexneri, e apresentaram 92,3% (12/13) de reconhecimento pelo epitopo correspondente na proteína nativa presente nas cepas testadas. O epitopo mais imunodominante foi o P2 com resultado estatisticamente significativo (P<0,0422), quando o nível de reconhecimento de P2 foi comparado com P1, diferenças significativas também foram observadas (P<0,0155). O epitopo P4 foi o segundo epitopo imunodominante e está localizado em uma das alças na superfície da OmpA, enquanto o epitopo P2 que foi o mais imunodominante está localizado no domínio globular no espaço periplasmático. Entretanto, os anticorpos produzidos contra os peptídeos P2 e P4 foram capazes de reconhecer os isolados selvagens de S. flexneri, este resultado possibilita inferir que esses peptídeos possuem potencial para um candidato a vacina.
29

Understanding mechanisms of bile salts resistance in Shigella flexneri

Ruane, Caitlin 11 December 2021 (has links)
The Shigella species are Gram-negative enteropathogens that produce severe diarrhea, cramping, and dehydration in millions of people annually. The pathogens most commonly infect children under the age of 5 years in developing nations, where the rise of multidrug-resistant species is increasingly problematic. Despite several attempts to develop a vaccine against these pathogens, no successful vaccine has been produced. In order to achieve this goal, several characteristics of Shigella must be further elucidated. Namely, we must better understand the mechanisms Shigella employs in order to circumvent the immune response. A key way in which Shigella circumvents the innate defenses of the host is through resistance to bile salts, the principal component of bile, a substance found in the small intestine that is required for digestion. One such bile salt resistance mechanism of Shigella involves lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an extracellular structure composed of three regions: a transmembrane lipid, a polysaccharide core, and an O-antigen. LPS and LPS modifications have been implicated in bile salts resistance in other enteropathogens. Thus, the goal of this study was to build from preliminary findings to understand the role of LPS in conferring bile salts resistance in Shigella. Two Shigella flexneri mutants were studied to understand the roles of the polysaccharide core and O-antigen on bacterial growth and LPS modifications during exposure to bile salts. Growth comparisons of the mutants relative to wild type bacteria in the presence of bile salts were performed, including analysis of growth with exposure to bile salts and with varying levels of environmental glucose. Additionally, LPS was extracted from wild type and mutant bacteria grown in these conditions for analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The growth curves demonstrated that both the O-antigen and polysaccharide core mutants exhibited slow growth with exposure to bile salts, while the SDS-PAGE analyses revealed changes in the LPS profile of wild type and both LPS mutants when grown in bile salts. These data indicate that the O-antigen likely has an important role in conferring bile salts resistance and that the polysaccharide core may also facilitate resistance. This study allows us to better understand how LPS contributes to bile salts resistance in S. flexneri, which may enhance efforts to develop an effective vaccine against this pathogen. / 2023-12-10T00:00:00Z
30

The role of host-stress in the infection by the bacterial pathogen \(Shigella\) \(flexneri\) / Die Rolle von Wirtszellstress in der Infektion mit dem bakteriellen Krankheiserreger \(Shigella\) \(flexneri\)

Tawk [Taouk], Caroline S. January 2018 (has links) (PDF)
The human-bacterial pathogen interaction is a complex process that results from a prolonged evolutionary arms race in the struggle for survival. The pathogen employs virulence strategies to achieve host colonization, and the latter counteracts using defense programs. The encounter of both organisms results in drastic physiological changes leading to stress, which is an ancient response accompanying infection. Recent evidence suggests that the stress response in the host converges with the innate immune pathways and influences the outcome of infection. However, the contribution of stress and the exact mechanism(s) of its involvement in host defense remain to be elucidated. Using the model bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri, and comparing it with the closely related pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium, this study investigated the role of host stress in the outcome of infection. Shigella infection is characterized by a pronounced pro-inflammatory response that causes intense stress in host tissues, particularly the intestinal epithelium, which constitutes the first barrier against Shigella colonization. In this study, inflammatory stress was simulated in epithelial cells by inducing oxidative stress, hypoxia, and cytokine stimulation. Shigella infection of epithelial cells exposed to such stresses was strongly inhibited at the adhesion/binding stage. This resulted from the depletion of sphingolipidrafts in the plasma membrane by the stress-activated sphingomyelinases. Interestingly, Salmonella adhesion was not affected, by virtue of its flagellar motility, which allowed the gathering of bacteria at remaining membrane rafts. Moreover, the intracellular replication of Shigella lead to a similar sphingolipid-raft depletion in the membrane across adjacent cells inhibiting extracellular bacterial invasion. Additionally, this study shows that Shigella infection interferes with the host stress granule-formation in response to stress. Interestingly, infected cells exhibited a nuclear depletion of the global RNA-binding stress-granule associated proteins TIAR and TIA-1 and their accumulation in the cytoplasm. Overall, this work investigated different aspects of the host stress-response in the defense against bacterial infection. The findings shed light on the importance of the host stress-pathways during infection, and improve the understanding of different strategies in host-pathogen interaction. / Die Interaktion von Mensch und bakteriellem Krankheitserreger ist ein komplexer Prozess, der aus dem anhaltenden evolutionären Wettrüsten im Kampf ums Überleben resultiert. Der Erreger setzt Virulenzstrategien zur Kolonisierung des Wirtes ein und dieser nutzt Verteidigungsprogramme um dem entgegenzuwirken. Die Begegnung der beiden Organismen resultiert in drastischen physiologischen Veränderungen, welche zu Stress führen, der eine klassische infektionsbegleitende Reaktion ist. Neuere Untersuchungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Stressantwort des Wirtes mit den Signalwegen der angeborenen Immunantwort konvergiert und im Ergebnis die Infektion beeinflusst. Jedoch bleiben die Bedeutung des Stresses und der exakte Mechanismus wie Stress an der Verteidigung des Wirtes beteiligt ist, noch zu klären. In dieser Studie dienten der bakterielle Krankheitserreger Shigella flexneri und vergleichend dazu der nah verwandte Erreger Salmonella Typhimurium als Modellorganismen, um die Rolle von Wirtszellstress für den Ausgang der Infektion zu untersuchen. Die Infektion mit Shigellen ist durch eine ausgeprägte pro-inflammatorische Reaktion gekennzeichnet. Diese versursacht in den Wirtsgeweben, insbesondere im Darmepithel, einen starken Stress, der die erste Barriere gegen die Besiedelung mit Shigellen darstellt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde entzündlicher Stress in Epithelzellen durch die Induktion von oxidativem Stress, Hypoxie und Zytokinstimulation simuliert. Die Shigelleninfektion von Epithelzellen, die solchen Belastungen ausgesetzt waren, war stark im Adhäsions-/ Bindungsstadium gehemmt. Dies resultierte aus der Verarmung von Sphingolipidflößen in der Plasmamembran durch stressaktivierte Sphingomyelinasen. Interessanterweise wurde die Adhäsion von Salmonellen, aufgrund ihrer Flaggellenvermittelten Beweglichkeit, nicht beeinträchtigt und ermöglichte so die Ansammlung von Bakterien an den verbleibenden Membranflößen. Darüber hinaus führte die intrazelluläre Replikation von Shigellen zu einer ähnlichen Verminderung von Sphingolipidflößen in der Membran benachbarter Zellen, wodurch die extrazelluläre bakterielle Invasion gehemmt wurde. Zusätzlich zeigt diese Studie, dass eine Infektion mit Shigellen mit der Bildung von Stressgranula in der Wirtszelle interferiert. Interessanterweise zeigten infizierte Zellen eine nukleäre Depletion der globalen RNA-bindenden und Stressgranula assoziierten Proteine TIAR und TIA-1 sowie deren Akkumulation im Zytoplasma. Insgesamt untersuchte diese Arbeit verschiedene Aspekte der Stressreaktion der Wirtszelle bei der Verteidigung gegen bakterielle Infektionen. Die Ergebnisse beleuchten die Bedeutung der Stresssignalwege im Wirt während der Infektion und verbessern das Verständnis der verschiedenen Strategien in der Interaktion von Wirt und Krankheitserreger.

Page generated in 0.0603 seconds