Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-173). Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (M.S.) in Geological Sciences--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-114).

Thesis (M. S.)--Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-112).

The south Brevard coast of Florida is a major nesting ground for the Atlantic loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta). A beach restoration project was completed in the winter of 1980-81 at Indialantic and Melbourne Beach. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of beach restoration on marine turtle nesting during the summer months of 1981 and 1982. A 3.1 km restored beach study area and two control beach study areas, each 3.1 km in length and consisting of natural beach sands, were established. The entire study area (9.3 km) was monitored for nesting and non-nesting emergences (false crawls) and a tagging program was established. The objectives of the study were to determine the effects of the restoration project on the nesting behavior of adult female turtles, and to develop an understanding of the effects of restored beach sands on the survival of marine turtle eggs and hatchlings. During the 1981 nesting season 2,766 marine turtle emergences were recorded. The nesting success rates (nesting emergences/total emergences x 100) for 1981 on the north control beach and the south control beach were 54% and 51% respectively, whereas the restored beach had a statistically significant lower nesting success of 28%. This reduction of nesting success was attributed to a compact substrate that was markedly less friable than the sands of the control beaches. In 1981, the turtles emerging to nest in the restored area often displayed aberrant digging behavior when they encountered the compact sand. By the following summer of 1982, it was evident that the restored beach substrate was less compact. The nesting success for 1982 in the restored beach (46%) rose to a level equal to that of the control beaches (48% and 46%). A total of 3,144 marine turtle emergences were recorded in the 1982 nesting season. To study the effects of beach restoration on the eggs and hatchlings, nests were marked, left to incubate on the beach, and later excavated to determine hatch success. Hatch data and hatchling emergence data were collected on 30 clutches in each of the three beach sections for both the 1981 and 1982 seasons. No significant difference was found between the hatch percentage for the restored beach and the hatch percentages for the control beaches in either study year. The hatchling emergence data, which would indicate the hatchlings' ability to emerge from the sand, indicate no significant difference between the restored beach and control beaches for 1981 and 1982.

Due to the popularity of settlement in coastal areas, measures need to be taken in the form of rules and guidelines for construction close to beaches in order to achieve a more ecologically sustainable construction and contribute to sustainable social development.In Sweden, shore protection is used, which aims to protect the public's access to shores, which the right public advocates according to Chapter 2. Section 15, The form of government. Today, shore protection is regulated in the Environmental Code (MB), and a general rule is that it must not be built within 100 meters from the shoreline on land and in water according to MB.A municipality can revoke shore protection if one of the particular reasons in chap-ter 7. Section 18c of the MB is fulfilled. Municipalities' decision on cancellation can be appealed to the County Administrative Board, then to the Land and Environment Court (MMD) and then to the Land and Environment Court of Appeal (MOD).The purpose of the study is to investigate what is considered valid and invalid rea-sons for cancelling shore protection in a detailed development plan, this through a legal case study. The goal is that this study will lead to more equitable and fair man-agement when repealing shore protection within the detailed development plan.A quantitative and qualitative analysis forms the basis of the results presented in this study. The quantitative method consists of categorization of detailed plans that are examined. Through this categorization, it can be deduced which reasons municipali-ties with different population conditions demand when cancelling shore protection within the detailed development plan. The detailed development plan study was de-limited to Ostergotland County at the beginning, after which the study was supple-mented with Kalmar County. It's because Ostergotland did not fill up the quota for the requested number of detailed plans. The qualitative method of the case study makes it possible for a report to clarify which reasons are legally sustainable based on the judgments that are being studied.The results highlighted by the study have shown that there are differences between the interval sizes, that is, that the municipalities interpret and handle the shore pro-tection legislation differently in connection with the shore protection being repealed within the detailed development plan. Thus, the County Administrative Board should check the municipalities more closely, as their task is to monitor the objec-tives of the shore protection. / På grund av den popularitet som råder vad gäller bosättning i strandnära områden behöver åtgärder vidtas i form av regler och riktlinjer vid byggnation nära stränder för att uppnå ett mer ekologiskt hållbart byggande och bidra till en hållbar samhälls-utveckling.I Sverige används strandskydd som syftar till att skydda allmänhetens tillgång till stränder vilket allemansrätten förespråkar enligt 2 kap. 15 § Regeringsformen. Idag regleras strandskydd i miljöbalken (MB) och en generell regel är att det inte får byggas inom 100 meter från strandlinjen på land och i vatten enligt MB.En kommun kan upphäva strandskydd om ett av de särskilda skälen i 7 kap. 18c § i MB är uppfyllda. Kommuners beslut om upphävande kan överklagas hos länsstyrel-sen, därefter vidare till mark- och miljödomstolen (MMD) och sedan till mark- och miljödomstolen (MÖD).Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad som anses vara giltiga och ogiltiga skäl till att upphäva strandskydd i en detaljplan, detta med hjälp av en rättsfallsstudie. Målet är att denna studie ska leda till en mer jämlik och rättvis hantering vid upphävande av strandskydd inom detaljplan.En kvantitativ- och kvalitativ analys ligger till grund för de resultat som presenteras i denna studie. Den kvantitativa metoden består av en kategorisering av detaljplaner som granskas. Genom denna kategorisering kan det utläsas vilka skäl kommuner med olika befolkningsförutsättningar yrkar på vid upphävande av strandskydd inom detaljplan. Detaljplanestudien avgränsades till Östergötlands län till en början, där-efter kompletterades studien med Kalmar län. Detta eftersom att Östergötland inte fyllde upp kvoten för det efterfrågade antalet detaljplaner. Den kvalitativa metoden av rättsfallsstudien möjliggör för en redogörelse som ska klargöra vilka skäl som är juridiskt hållbara utifrån de domslut som studeras.Det resultat som framhålls av studien har visat att det förekommer skillnader sinse-mellan intervallstorlekarna, det vill säga att kommunerna tolkar samt hanterar strandskyddslagstiftningen olika i samband med att strandskydd upphävs inom detalj-plan. Därmed bör Länsstyrelsen kontrollera kommunerna noggrannare eftersom att deras uppgift är att bevaka strandskyddets syften.

Strandområdens attraktivitet skapar intressekonflikter mellan allmänhetens rätt till stranden och privata intressens vilja att bygga vid vatten. Detta skapar ett behov av en fungerande lagstiftning som tillgodoser det olika intressena. Argentina har en lång tradition av att skydda stranden med syftet att lämna utrymme för bogsering och arbete med båtar längs stranden, kallad dragvägen, där längden ursprungligen varit 35 meter men som sedan minskat till 15 meter. Syftet med studien är att undersöka generella problemställningar som bör beaktas i skyddet av strandområden, genom en fallstudie i San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. Målet i studien är att ta fram ett underlag för en förbättrad strandskyddslagstiftning i Argentina. Metoderna för studien utgjordes av fyra steg. Steg ett och två var skriftliga intervjuer med tjänstemän och forskare inom juridik i San Carlos de Bariloche där den första besvarade frågor kring nuvarande lagstiftning och den andra kring förbättringar av lagstiftningen. I steg tre gjordes en flygbildsanalys över sjön Nahuel Huapi för att få en översikt över bebyggelse- och grönstruktur. I steg fyra skickades dessutom en enkät ut till allmänheten i San Carlos de Bariloche för att få svar på hur allmänheten upplever tillgängligheten till strandområden och om det finns hinder längs stranden. Resultatet visade att biodiversitet och skyddet av naturen samt översvämningsrisker bör prioriteras högst. Avståndet från strandlinjen till närmaste byggnad för strandskyddet bör bedömas utifrån varje strands förutsättningar och därför bör inte en längd gälla för alla fall. Stranden bör initialt vara fri från byggnation och endast användas för rekreation, men i vissa fall bör dispens kunna ges. Därför har studien tagit fram kriterier för att ge dispens utifrån vad som anses viktigt för strandskyddets syfte. Svaren från enkäten visade att allmänheten upplever problem med tillgången till stranden, främst i form av privatisering av strandremsan och det finns markägare som exkluderar allmänheten från den. Resultatet indikerar att allmänna intressen har fått ge vika för ekonomiska intressen under åren och därför bör detta motverkas. Lagen om dragvägen har fortfarande en viktig funktion att skydda allmänhetens rätt till stranden men bör uppdateras till ett mer aktuellt syfte med fokus på rekreation, sportfiske och turism samt en längd som passar för dessa syften. / The attractiveness of coastal areas creates conflicts between the public’s right to the shore and the private interest’s desire to build close to water. This creates a need for a functioning legislation that accommodate the different interests. Argentina has a long tradition of protecting the shore with the purpose of leaving space for towing work with boats along the shore, called the towpath, where the length originally was 35 meters but then later reduced to 15 meters. The purpose of the study is to study general problems occurring in protection of the shore, through a case study in San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. The aim of the study is to produce a basis for an improved shore protection legislation. The method in this study was conducted in four steps. Step one and two were written interviews with officials of the municipality and a researcher in law in San Carlos de Bariloche where the first one answered questions about the current legislation and the second about improvements of the legislation. In step three an aerial photo analysis was conducted over the lake Nahuel Huapi to get an overlook over building- and green structure. Additionally a survey was sent to the public in step four to receive answers about how the public experience the accessibility to shore areas and if there is obstacles along the shore. The result showed that biodiversity and protection of the nature as well as flood risks should be a priority. The length of the shore protection should be judged based on every shore’s condition and that is why there should not be one length for all cases. The shore should initially be free from constructions and only be used for recreation, but in some cases could exemption be made. Therefore, this study has developed criteria for exemptions based on what is considered important for the purpose of the shore protection legislations. The answers from the survey showed that the public’s major problem with access to the shore is mainly privatization of the shore and the landowners that exclude the public. The result indicate that the economic interest has been prioritized over the public interest over the years and must therefore countered. The law of the towpath still has an important function in protecting the public’s right to the shore, but should be updated to a more current purpose with focus on recreation, sports fishing and tourism and also a length that’s appropriate for these purposes.

Thesis. 1978. M.Arch--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.Arch

The prediction of morphological responses of natural and engineered beaches to the prevailing wave, tide and wind conditions continues to be a challenge due to the wide variability in site conditions and the underlying complexities of the processes involved. For this reason, field measurements, especially with a good spatial and temporal resolution, play a critical role in monitoring the performance of intervention work. This thesis presents the results of a five-year study at Aberdeen beach on the North Sea coast of the UK, with the aim of obtaining and analysing high-quality field measurements of beach dynamics before and following beach nourishment and the installation of nearshore breakwaters. Beach topographic data were collected between June 2006 and July 2011 at approximately monthly intervals using real time kinematic GPS, augmented by Argus video monitoring. An assessment of the horizontal and vertical errors of the Argus system found it to be comparable to other similar installations. The initial response of the area of beach subject to recent intervention works was the formation of stable bays in the lee of the nearshore structures, making this zone morphologically distinct from other areas of the beach. Time-synchronous wave data was collected from nearshore wave buoy measurements, or derived from transformed Met Office model-predicted wave data, and were considered in relation to the timing of beach morphology responses to the prevailing wave conditions. A strong link was observed between the 30-day average wave height and the beach dynamic, with erosion commencing when Hm0 rose above 1 m, and antecedence being an important factor in beach response to successive winter storm events. The data and insights from the present study can be used to develop better predictive models and coastal monitoring strategies. Future studies seeking to further understand beach response would benefit from the ability to capture variation within tidal cycles, and to be able to connect the beach to wider nearshore and offshore bedforms and marine processes.

No description available.

No description available.